Modesta E. Ezma, Francis A. Okoye, Anthony O. Okwori
The quest for improved communications among objects interconnected in a network has long been awaited. The current fourth generation network (4G) does not enable the range of services the future require, as the fifth-generation network (5G) will be faster and more flexible. The 5G networks and Internet of Things technology seem to be the reality that best describes the basic principles of the future generation mobile network technology (5G). It is anticipated to let loose a substantial IoT environment where millions of connected devices will get their communication requirements concerning speed, latency, and cost. The fifth-generation network (5G) symbolizes a fundamental change in structural design in the communication network which will open a renowned future revenue generation through ground-breaking services made possible through 5G-enabled devices with laptops, smartphones, smart cities, and tablets. The use of 5G seems to be pictured as a complicated union of future-generation technical improvements on telecommunication networks which will assist 5G to become the mechanism for future-generation IoT services. These include highly developed inflection plans for accessing a wireless network, network sharing abilities, mechanized network request, network function virtualization, and support for cloud-optimized distributed network applications. In this paper, a framework of the expected integration of 5G and internet of things (IoT) will be presented showing how the expected solution of the communication need for millions of people, interconnected devices, smart cities, smartphones in a network will be achieved, and communication among users will be enhanced. The presented framework that would help to understand, evaluate and access the various generations of mobile networks, and view how the 5G network will be an improvement for better performance were discussed. Key words: Network, technology, internet of things, device, communication.
{"title":"A framework of 5G networks as the foundation for IoTs technology for improved future network","authors":"Modesta E. Ezma, Francis A. Okoye, Anthony O. Okwori","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4782","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for improved communications among objects interconnected in a network has long been awaited. The current fourth generation network (4G) does not enable the range of services the future require, as the fifth-generation network (5G) will be faster and more flexible. The 5G networks and Internet of Things technology seem to be the reality that best describes the basic principles of the future generation mobile network technology (5G). It is anticipated to let loose a substantial IoT environment where millions of connected devices will get their communication requirements concerning speed, latency, and cost. The fifth-generation network (5G) symbolizes a fundamental change in structural design in the communication network which will open a renowned future revenue generation through ground-breaking services made possible through 5G-enabled devices with laptops, smartphones, smart cities, and tablets. The use of 5G seems to be pictured as a complicated union of future-generation technical improvements on telecommunication networks which will assist 5G to become the mechanism for future-generation IoT services. These include highly developed inflection plans for accessing a wireless network, network sharing abilities, mechanized network request, network function virtualization, and support for cloud-optimized distributed network applications. In this paper, a framework of the expected integration of 5G and internet of things (IoT) will be presented showing how the expected solution of the communication need for millions of people, interconnected devices, smart cities, smartphones in a network will be achieved, and communication among users will be enhanced. The presented framework that would help to understand, evaluate and access the various generations of mobile networks, and view how the 5G network will be an improvement for better performance were discussed. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Network, technology, internet of things, device, communication.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80620735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Odeyemi, A. Olayinka, A. I. Ejere, I. Okunzuwa, E. E. Aigbekaen, J. Idiodi
In this work, we applied density matrix renormalization group to one-dimensional Hubbard model at five numbers of sweep to solve strongly correlated interacting electrons system, starting from two electrons on two sites up to ten electrons on ten sites at half filling. The results that emerged from the present study is in agreement with that of exact diagonalization, variational and Lanczos solution at the varying values of the Coulomb interaction strength (U/t) at t=1. The total energy, Eg/t, of the ground state increases with the increase in interaction strength for all the numbers of site, N. The spectra intensity increases with increase in the interaction strength but decreases to zero when the interaction strength is made negatively large. This study is extended to more than two electrons on two sites. We equally show effect of interaction strength, U/t, at t = 1 on the energy-dependent entropy, S. Key words: Density matrix renormalization group, Hubbard model, sweep, exact diagonalization, variational, Lanczos, entropy.
{"title":"Application of density matrix renormalization group to one-dimensional Hubbard model to study strongly correlated electrons system","authors":"O. Odeyemi, A. Olayinka, A. I. Ejere, I. Okunzuwa, E. E. Aigbekaen, J. Idiodi","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4777","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we applied density matrix renormalization group to one-dimensional Hubbard model at five numbers of sweep to solve strongly correlated interacting electrons system, starting from two electrons on two sites up to ten electrons on ten sites at half filling. The results that emerged from the present study is in agreement with that of exact diagonalization, variational and Lanczos solution at the varying values of the Coulomb interaction strength (U/t) at t=1. The total energy, Eg/t, of the ground state increases with the increase in interaction strength for all the numbers of site, N. The spectra intensity increases with increase in the interaction strength but decreases to zero when the interaction strength is made negatively large. This study is extended to more than two electrons on two sites. We equally show effect of interaction strength, U/t, at t = 1 on the energy-dependent entropy, S. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Density matrix renormalization group, Hubbard model, sweep, exact diagonalization, variational, Lanczos, entropy.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Africa, electrification of rural areas are low and off-grid power supply is needed. Often diesel generators are used to provide local electricity supply. However, the tremendous decrease in the costs of photovoltaics provides an attractive option to substitute existing diesel generation or to build up a new electricity supply in those locations, lowering power costs and environmental impact. Photovoltaics (PV) hybrid system combines photovoltaics with diesel generators and batteries. The design of PV hybrid systems requires an in-depth analysis of load, solar resources and the interaction between PV, diesel generator and storage for the appropriate sizing of components. The team at CIRE TH Cologne has undertaken several projects to examine the feasibility of such PV hybrid systems in different African locations, e.g. a generic Senegalese village in the Thies region. In addition, a modelling tool was developed to analyze the benefits and optimum setup of PV hybrid systems. Furthermore, hands-on experience was gained by installing a PV hybrid system in Ghana, proving the local benefits of this rather new energy source. Key words: Photovoltaic hybrid system, load profiles, energy system modelling, photovoltaics project planning, installation.
{"title":"Designing off-grid hybrid energy supply with photovoltaics in Senegal","authors":"T. Schneiders, L. Alvarez, S. Faßbender","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4762","url":null,"abstract":"In Africa, electrification of rural areas are low and off-grid power supply is needed. Often diesel generators are used to provide local electricity supply. However, the tremendous decrease in the costs of photovoltaics provides an attractive option to substitute existing diesel generation or to build up a new electricity supply in those locations, lowering power costs and environmental impact. Photovoltaics (PV) hybrid system combines photovoltaics with diesel generators and batteries. The design of PV hybrid systems requires an in-depth analysis of load, solar resources and the interaction between PV, diesel generator and storage for the appropriate sizing of components. The team at CIRE TH Cologne has undertaken several projects to examine the feasibility of such PV hybrid systems in different African locations, e.g. a generic Senegalese village in the Thies region. In addition, a modelling tool was developed to analyze the benefits and optimum setup of PV hybrid systems. Furthermore, hands-on experience was gained by installing a PV hybrid system in Ghana, proving the local benefits of this rather new energy source. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Photovoltaic hybrid system, load profiles, energy system modelling, photovoltaics project planning, installation.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86437693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater quality in Neke area of southeastern Nigeria was investigated applying multivariate statistical analyses using Statgraphics centurion XVII, ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Surfer 10 software on hydrochemical and bacteriological data from 25 groundwater samples over land cover of about 1283 km2 , in order to unravel the factors influencing ground water quality. From the correlation analysis, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and SO42- appear to be the main contributors of the ground water (Total dissolved solids, TDS), Ca2+ shows a high correlation (0.9998) with Mg2+, indicating that the two cation are from same source. Factor analysis and cluster analysis reflect faecal matter contamination through onsite sanitary sewage system, leaching of agricultural waste into the groundwater and weathering and dissolution of host rocks. Groundwater flow pattern is local and controlled by topographic highs, weathering and fracturing of the host rock in the study area. Three dominant factors extracted from the factor analysis were spatially distributed by their factor over the study area. From the calculated water quality index, the groundwater quality in the study area is poor and it was attributed to onsite sanitary sewage and agricultural waste contamination. Key words: Cluster analysis, correlation, Neke area, factor scores, groundwater quality.
{"title":"Multivariate statistical assessment and spatial distribution of groundwater contamination in Neke and its environs, South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Onwuka Solomon Obialo, E. Kenneth","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2019.4798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2019.4798","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater quality in Neke area of southeastern Nigeria was investigated applying multivariate statistical analyses using Statgraphics centurion XVII, ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Surfer 10 software on hydrochemical and bacteriological data from 25 groundwater samples over land cover of about 1283 km2 , in order to unravel the factors influencing ground water quality. From the correlation analysis, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and SO42- appear to be the main contributors of the ground water (Total dissolved solids, TDS), Ca2+ shows a high correlation (0.9998) with Mg2+, indicating that the two cation are from same source. Factor analysis and cluster analysis reflect faecal matter contamination through onsite sanitary sewage system, leaching of agricultural waste into the groundwater and weathering and dissolution of host rocks. Groundwater flow pattern is local and controlled by topographic highs, weathering and fracturing of the host rock in the study area. Three dominant factors extracted from the factor analysis were spatially distributed by their factor over the study area. From the calculated water quality index, the groundwater quality in the study area is poor and it was attributed to onsite sanitary sewage and agricultural waste contamination. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cluster analysis, correlation, Neke area, factor scores, groundwater quality.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of applied crossed electric and magnetic fields on the heterostructure semiconductor is used in the scientific investigation on electronic and optical exciton properties. The aim of this work is to study the magneto-Stark effect for confined excitons in single GaAs-〖Ga〗_(0.7) 〖Al〗_(0.3) As QWs. The magnetic field B is taken as perpendicular to the z-growth direction of the heterostructure, whereas the applied electric field E is along the z-growth direction. The data we used includes intrinsic parameters of the systems and manipulated external magnetic and electric fields. In the model equation, we utilized variational non-degenerate parabolic band approximations using 1 s hydrogen like ion ground state to calculate the position at which spatial distance b/n electron and hole (∆=0), that is, overlap e-h occurred where B→∞ and E→0; we also used Matlab version R2017a to simulate our result as depicted in graphs. As electric field (E) increases along growth z-direction, the spatial distance (∆) increases due to a reduction of Coulomb interaction b/n e–h, whereas increasing the magnetic field (B) perpendicular to the growth z-direction has the reverse effect and shrinks the wave function in the QW plane. This shrinkage enhances the e–h interaction, which in turn, more likely localizes the electron within the same QW as the whole and thus keeps the ground state in a direct exciton which is efficient in photonics. Key words: Spatial distance, exciton, growth direction, non-correlation, magneto-Stark.
外加交叉电场和磁场对异质结构半导体的影响被用于电子和光学激子性质的科学研究。本文的目的是研究单个GaAs-〖Ga〗_(0.7)〖Al〗_(0.3)As量子阱中受限激子的磁斯塔克效应。取垂直于异质结构z-生长方向的磁场B，外加电场E沿z-生长方向。我们使用的数据包括系统的固有参数和被操纵的外部磁场和电场。在模型方程中，我们采用1 s类氢离子基态的变分非简并抛物带近似，计算出电子与空穴的空间距离b/n(∆=0)处的位置，即在b→∞和E→0处发生E -h重叠;我们还使用Matlab版本R2017a来模拟我们的结果，如图所示。随着电场(E)沿生长z方向的增大，由于库仑相互作用b/n E - h的减小，空间距离(∆)增大，而垂直于生长z方向的磁场(b)增大，则产生相反的效果，使QW平面的波函数缩小。这种收缩增强了e-h相互作用，反过来，更有可能将电子定位在与整个量子阱相同的量子阱中，从而使基态保持在直接激子中，这在光子学中是有效的。关键词:空间距离;激子;生长方向;
{"title":"Magneto-Stark effect on exciton in parabolic bandGaAs/〖Ga〗_(0.7) 〖Al〗_(0.3) As quantum well heterostructure","authors":"Alemu Gurmessa, Menberu Mengesha","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4736","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of applied crossed electric and magnetic fields on the heterostructure semiconductor is used in the scientific investigation on electronic and optical exciton properties. The aim of this work is to study the magneto-Stark effect for confined excitons in single GaAs-〖Ga〗_(0.7) 〖Al〗_(0.3) As QWs. The magnetic field B is taken as perpendicular to the z-growth direction of the heterostructure, whereas the applied electric field E is along the z-growth direction. The data we used includes intrinsic parameters of the systems and manipulated external magnetic and electric fields. In the model equation, we utilized variational non-degenerate parabolic band approximations using 1 s hydrogen like ion ground state to calculate the position at which spatial distance b/n electron and hole (∆=0), that is, overlap e-h occurred where B→∞ and E→0; we also used Matlab version R2017a to simulate our result as depicted in graphs. As electric field (E) increases along growth z-direction, the spatial distance (∆) increases due to a reduction of Coulomb interaction b/n e–h, whereas increasing the magnetic field (B) perpendicular to the growth z-direction has the reverse effect and shrinks the wave function in the QW plane. This shrinkage enhances the e–h interaction, which in turn, more likely localizes the electron within the same QW as the whole and thus keeps the ground state in a direct exciton which is efficient in photonics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Spatial distance, exciton, growth direction, non-correlation, magneto-Stark.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"02 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86087520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During geomagnetic storms, the geomagnetic H component is depressed which is preceded by a sudden storm commencement (SSC) or not and this is categorized as sudden or gradual storms. Using the method of cross correlation analysis, we have studied the associations of geomagnetic H components at four low latitude stations at longitudinal separations of 145° - 215° with solar wind density and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B during the four most intense sudden and four most intense gradual geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 23. In addition to dawn-dusk responses, how the ionospheric and magnetospheric currents respond to these variations at low latitudes during geomagnetic storms will be determined. Results show that profiles of cross correlation coefficients against time lags were superposed and had peak associations at zero time lags during each event for both parameters. Also there was no dawn-dusk variation in the profiles which implies that the magnetosphere responds uniquely to sources of external origin during geomagnetic storms at low latitudes.. Key words: Geomagnetic storms, solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, geomagnetic H components.
{"title":"A study on the effects of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field on geomagnetic H-component during geomagnetic storms","authors":"O. Chiaha S., J. Ugonabo O., C. Okpala K.","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4772","url":null,"abstract":"During geomagnetic storms, the geomagnetic H component is depressed which is preceded by a sudden storm commencement (SSC) or not and this is categorized as sudden or gradual storms. Using the method of cross correlation analysis, we have studied the associations of geomagnetic H components at four low latitude stations at longitudinal separations of 145° - 215° with solar wind density and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B during the four most intense sudden and four most intense gradual geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 23. In addition to dawn-dusk responses, how the ionospheric and magnetospheric currents respond to these variations at low latitudes during geomagnetic storms will be determined. Results show that profiles of cross correlation coefficients against time lags were superposed and had peak associations at zero time lags during each event for both parameters. Also there was no dawn-dusk variation in the profiles which implies that the magnetosphere responds uniquely to sources of external origin during geomagnetic storms at low latitudes.. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Geomagnetic storms, solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, geomagnetic H components.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90060858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural features of Ikogosi Warm Spring and its environs have been delineated using qualitative and quantitative interpretation methods. Euler-Deconvolution and local wave number methods were adopted for quantitative and qualitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data sheet 243 by Geological Survey Agency of Nigeria (GSN) in 2008, respectively. Euler solution revealed depth range of -2.98 to -290 m to the magnetic sources, while local wave number method revealed depths to magnetic sources/basements ranging from -2.1 to -1311.4 m of the geologic lineaments in Ikogosi Warm Spring and its environs. Both methods revealed outcrop features characterized by their positive depth values above the mean ground level. Both methods proved efficient way of resolving shallow magnetic source depth giving a very plausible depth of -2.1 m for local wave number and -2.98 m for Euler solution in the area of study. Key words: Warm-Spring, Ikogosi, lineament.
{"title":"Magnetic source basement depth determination of Ikogosi Warm Water Spring South Western Nigeria and the environ using aeromagnetic data","authors":"A. Ojoawo, Muideen I. Lateef","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4787","url":null,"abstract":"Structural features of Ikogosi Warm Spring and its environs have been delineated using qualitative and quantitative interpretation methods. Euler-Deconvolution and local wave number methods were adopted for quantitative and qualitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data sheet 243 by Geological Survey Agency of Nigeria (GSN) in 2008, respectively. Euler solution revealed depth range of -2.98 to -290 m to the magnetic sources, while local wave number method revealed depths to magnetic sources/basements ranging from -2.1 to -1311.4 m of the geologic lineaments in Ikogosi Warm Spring and its environs. Both methods revealed outcrop features characterized by their positive depth values above the mean ground level. Both methods proved efficient way of resolving shallow magnetic source depth giving a very plausible depth of -2.1 m for local wave number and -2.98 m for Euler solution in the area of study. Key words: Warm-Spring, Ikogosi, lineament.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88969448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mondal, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, M. Khan, S. Sikder
The present work is focused on investigating the effect of rare earth ion on structural, magnetic and transport properties of (Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2-x)SmxO4[x = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10] ferrites which were prepared by solid state reaction technique at 1100°C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that rare earth free sample shows formulation of single phase cubic spinel structure with no extra peak whereas Sm substituted Cu-Zn ferrite samples show additional peaks that correspond to a secondary orthoferrite phase. Lattice parameter, bulk density, X-ray density and porosity of the studied samples are increased with Sm substituted ions. Lattice parameter of both series are slightly decrease with increase Sm content. The initial permeability decreases with increasing Sm ions in ferrite. Quality factor signifies the merit of the material from the application point of view. The dielectric constant was found to decrease continuously with increasing frequency and remain almost constant at higher frequency range. The dielectric behavior of the experimental ferrite samples can be explained on the basis of the mechanism of the dielectric polarization and conduction process. The saturation magnetization decreases with increasing rare earth Sm contents. Key words: Solid state reaction technique, sintering temperature, quality factor, dielectric polarization.
{"title":"Structural, magnetic and transport properties of samarium (Sm) doped Cu-Zn ferrites","authors":"P. Mondal, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, M. Khan, S. Sikder","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4746","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is focused on investigating the effect of rare earth ion on structural, magnetic and transport properties of (Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2-x)SmxO4[x = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10] ferrites which were prepared by solid state reaction technique at 1100°C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that rare earth free sample shows formulation of single phase cubic spinel structure with no extra peak whereas Sm substituted Cu-Zn ferrite samples show additional peaks that correspond to a secondary orthoferrite phase. Lattice parameter, bulk density, X-ray density and porosity of the studied samples are increased with Sm substituted ions. Lattice parameter of both series are slightly decrease with increase Sm content. The initial permeability decreases with increasing Sm ions in ferrite. Quality factor signifies the merit of the material from the application point of view. The dielectric constant was found to decrease continuously with increasing frequency and remain almost constant at higher frequency range. The dielectric behavior of the experimental ferrite samples can be explained on the basis of the mechanism of the dielectric polarization and conduction process. The saturation magnetization decreases with increasing rare earth Sm contents. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Solid state reaction technique, sintering temperature, quality factor, dielectric polarization.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81457716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. T. Sivla, O. Ogunjobi, E. Okoro, O. J. Ugonabo, P. Orji
We present nighttime variation of thermospheric winds estimated from the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) which was recently deployed at Abuja in Nigeria. These results apply to the thermosphere region around 250 km and were obtained during the period of weak solar activity with solar flux values generally below 70 s.f.u. The results presented cover three months, from October 2017 to December 2017. The high geomagnetic activity level zonal winds generally lag the low geomagnetic activity level winds. Low geomagnetic activity level wind speeds are maintained between 80 and 100 m/s. High activity zonal wind speeds revealed minimum speed values between 0030 LT to about 0330 LT. We also present comparison between our observations and the latest version of the horizontal wind model (HWM14). The model predicts are generally in good agreement with our zonal wind observations. Our limited data used in the investigation is likely responsible for the significant discrepancies observed in the meridional winds. Key words: Equatorial thermosphere, Low solar activity, thermospheric dynamics, meridional and zonal winds.
{"title":"Thermospheric neutral winds over Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"W. T. Sivla, O. Ogunjobi, E. Okoro, O. J. Ugonabo, P. Orji","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4773","url":null,"abstract":"We present nighttime variation of thermospheric winds estimated from the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) which was recently deployed at Abuja in Nigeria. These results apply to the thermosphere region around 250 km and were obtained during the period of weak solar activity with solar flux values generally below 70 s.f.u. The results presented cover three months, from October 2017 to December 2017. The high geomagnetic activity level zonal winds generally lag the low geomagnetic activity level winds. Low geomagnetic activity level wind speeds are maintained between 80 and 100 m/s. High activity zonal wind speeds revealed minimum speed values between 0030 LT to about 0330 LT. We also present comparison between our observations and the latest version of the horizontal wind model (HWM14). The model predicts are generally in good agreement with our zonal wind observations. Our limited data used in the investigation is likely responsible for the significant discrepancies observed in the meridional winds. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Equatorial thermosphere, Low solar activity, thermospheric dynamics, meridional and zonal winds.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89120655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Okwesili, J. U. Abangwu, Igwe Emmanuel Awucha
This study aimed to estimate the depth of magnetic source bodies in Lafia and Akiri areas which fall within the middle Benue trough, Nigeria. Aeromagnetic data were used and spectral analysis and source parameter imaging were used for the quantitative interpretation of the data. The total magnetic intensity (TMI) contour map obtained from gridding of the data ranging from -39.5 to 100.0 nT was separated into regional and residual contour maps; it was done by polynomial fitting to produce the residual aeromagnetic intensity contour map. The residual intensity varies from -78.9 to 55.0 nT while the regional intensity varies from -39.18 to 39.84 nT. Depth results obtained from spectral analysis revealed two depth sources: the shallower magnetic source bodies and the deeper magnetic source bodies. The depth of shallower magnetic sources ranges from 0.557 to 1.261 km, with an average depth value of 0.899 km, whereas the depth of deeper magnetic sources varies from 2.419 to 5.732 km with an average depth value of 4.105 km. The SPI depth result ranges from -0.5638 km (shallow magnetic bodies) to 5.8381 km (deep lying magnetic bodies). The two methods showed depth estimation within the same range. The sedimentary thickness obtained from the different methods indicates the possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation if other conditions for hydrocarbon generation are satisfied. Key words: Magnetic source bodies, depth estimation, spectral analysis, SPI, Lafia and Akiri areas, aeromagnetic data.
{"title":"Spectral analysis and source parameter imaging of aeromagnetic data of Lafia and Akiri Areas, Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria","authors":"N. A. Okwesili, J. U. Abangwu, Igwe Emmanuel Awucha","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2018.4752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2018.4752","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate the depth of magnetic source bodies in Lafia and Akiri areas which fall within the middle Benue trough, Nigeria. Aeromagnetic data were used and spectral analysis and source parameter imaging were used for the quantitative interpretation of the data. The total magnetic intensity (TMI) contour map obtained from gridding of the data ranging from -39.5 to 100.0 nT was separated into regional and residual contour maps; it was done by polynomial fitting to produce the residual aeromagnetic intensity contour map. The residual intensity varies from -78.9 to 55.0 nT while the regional intensity varies from -39.18 to 39.84 nT. Depth results obtained from spectral analysis revealed two depth sources: the shallower magnetic source bodies and the deeper magnetic source bodies. The depth of shallower magnetic sources ranges from 0.557 to 1.261 km, with an average depth value of 0.899 km, whereas the depth of deeper magnetic sources varies from 2.419 to 5.732 km with an average depth value of 4.105 km. The SPI depth result ranges from -0.5638 km (shallow magnetic bodies) to 5.8381 km (deep lying magnetic bodies). The two methods showed depth estimation within the same range. The sedimentary thickness obtained from the different methods indicates the possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation if other conditions for hydrocarbon generation are satisfied. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Magnetic source bodies, depth estimation, spectral analysis, SPI, Lafia and Akiri areas, aeromagnetic data.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81554723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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