Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30754
M. James, Paye Plenseh Diana, N’debewillie Kokolo, K. P. C. Sampson, Kiazolu J. Boima
Background: Environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals can be lead to the possible contamination of rice. Rice is a staple food widely consumed in the urban and rural parts of Liberia daily. Rice is cultivated in approximately 113 countries and a fundamental source for energy and protein. Objective: The study assesses selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Se, and Cr) concentration in selected imported rice and traditionally grown rice and bulgur wheat in Liberia. Methods: Six grade of imported rice, Bulgar wheat, and traditionally grown rice were purchased from the Duport Road and Red-Light markets in Greater Monrovia and analyze using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. All data were analyzed using XLSTAT, and data was used to calculate the risk factor of each rice sample. Results: The mean concentration of heavy metal found in the rice as follow: As, 1.31ppm; Cd, 9.42ppm; Cr. 12.3ppm; Se, 5.73ppm; and Pb, 1.75ppm. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated in combination with the rice consumption data. The mean intakes of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb through rice were estimated to be 1.32, 9.42. 12.4. 5.74, and 1.75 mg/kg BW/day. Chromium has the average estimated daily intake. The combined hazard index for the heavy metals in each sample and the total cancer risk for each sample contributed most significantly to a cancer risk of rice consumption during adult life expectancy. Conclusion: The selected heavy metal concentration from the rice sample was above the FAO/WHO reference Standard but was within the range of the contaminant level except for chromium, which is above the accepted range. However, the hazard index and the total cancer risk indicate a potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk.
{"title":"X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of heavy metals in selected rice samples sold on the Liberian market: a case study conducted in Paynesville City, Greater Monrovia","authors":"M. James, Paye Plenseh Diana, N’debewillie Kokolo, K. P. C. Sampson, Kiazolu J. Boima","doi":"10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30754","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals can be lead to the possible contamination of rice. Rice is a staple food widely consumed in the urban and rural parts of Liberia daily. Rice is cultivated in approximately 113 countries and a fundamental source for energy and protein. Objective: The study assesses selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Se, and Cr) concentration in selected imported rice and traditionally grown rice and bulgur wheat in Liberia. Methods: Six grade of imported rice, Bulgar wheat, and traditionally grown rice were purchased from the Duport Road and Red-Light markets in Greater Monrovia and analyze using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. All data were analyzed using XLSTAT, and data was used to calculate the risk factor of each rice sample. Results: The mean concentration of heavy metal found in the rice as follow: As, 1.31ppm; Cd, 9.42ppm; Cr. 12.3ppm; Se, 5.73ppm; and Pb, 1.75ppm. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated in combination with the rice consumption data. The mean intakes of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb through rice were estimated to be 1.32, 9.42. 12.4. 5.74, and 1.75 mg/kg BW/day. Chromium has the average estimated daily intake. The combined hazard index for the heavy metals in each sample and the total cancer risk for each sample contributed most significantly to a cancer risk of rice consumption during adult life expectancy. Conclusion: The selected heavy metal concentration from the rice sample was above the FAO/WHO reference Standard but was within the range of the contaminant level except for chromium, which is above the accepted range. However, the hazard index and the total cancer risk indicate a potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk.","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77659191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30570
James McClain, J. Boima Kiazolu, P. Humphrey, Plenseh Diana Paye
Diarrhea is an epidemic that threatens the livelihood of children less than five years in developing countries. Control and mitigation pose a severe challenge in these countries. The subjective of the study is to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhea among families in Greater Monrovia. The study recruited 257 families from three communities and geographically and randomly assigned to the two groups (A & B). Socio-demographic survey and knowledge and behavior questionnaires on diarrhea prevalence were used to collect data. Reports from the study indicate that family in Group A (93%) and Group B (83.6%) have significant knowledge associating contaminated drinking water and contaminated food with diarrhea; X2 =11.2, p = 0.001. The family behavior shows that Group A (33%) and Group B (51%) do not treat their drinking water before consumption. The findings from this study recommend an education and awareness intervention on diarrheal and related illnesses to increase family knowledge and improvement of the behavior community public health improvement process.
腹泻是一种威胁发展中国家五岁以下儿童生计的流行病。在这些国家，控制和缓解构成了严峻的挑战。该研究的主要目的是评估大蒙罗维亚地区家庭中腹泻的患病率及其相关因素。本研究招募了来自三个社区的257个家庭，并在地理上随机分为A组和B组，采用社会人口统计学调查和腹泻患病率知识和行为问卷收集数据。来自研究的报告表明，A组(93%)和B组(83.6%)的家庭对受污染的饮用水和受污染的食物与腹泻之间的关系有明显的认识;X2 =11.2, p = 0.001。家庭行为显示，A组(33%)和B组(51%)在饮用前不处理饮用水。本研究结果建议对腹泻及相关疾病进行教育和意识干预，以增加家庭知识和改善行为，改善社区公共卫生进程。
{"title":"Studies on diarrhea prevalence in selected communities in greater Monrovia, Liberia","authors":"James McClain, J. Boima Kiazolu, P. Humphrey, Plenseh Diana Paye","doi":"10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBAS.V9I2.30570","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhea is an epidemic that threatens the livelihood of children less than five years in developing countries. Control and mitigation pose a severe challenge in these countries. The subjective of the study is to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhea among families in Greater Monrovia. The study recruited 257 families from three communities and geographically and randomly assigned to the two groups (A & B). Socio-demographic survey and knowledge and behavior questionnaires on diarrhea prevalence were used to collect data. Reports from the study indicate that family in Group A (93%) and Group B (83.6%) have significant knowledge associating contaminated drinking water and contaminated food with diarrhea; X2 =11.2, p = 0.001. The family behavior shows that Group A (33%) and Group B (51%) do not treat their drinking water before consumption. The findings from this study recommend an education and awareness intervention on diarrheal and related illnesses to increase family knowledge and improvement of the behavior community public health improvement process. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82025152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-11DOI: 10.14419/IJBAS.V9I1.30269
Fabrice Mbakop Kwefeu
The frequent closure of roads for the sake of maintenance and refurbishment is an increasing problem for the road administrators and users, because of induced high costs, restrictions and influence they impose, traffic jam, and the many other disruptions such interventions have on traffic. In these circumstances, carriageways with long life span, with adapted tar, have much to offer, especially if they can exhibit optimum performances without requiring major repairs for over 30 years. On high traffic roads, research has shown that binders with elevated modules are a reliable and credible alternative to render their life span more sustainable and durable. In this context, the advantages presented by the absence of important repairs and refurbishing can be enough to justify the initial high costs of these advanced carriageway coatings. Studies on the different binders to be used were done, which have permitted in accordance with the performance of the layers, the required tests and the different study levels. Also, this has permitted us to analyze the obtained results and conclude that due to the expected needs, the LA and MDE tests, the PSV tests are the criteria that determine the selection of aggregates; The complexes modular methods, fatigue resistance (level IV), is to be necessary for the forecasting of the mechanical behavior of bituminous materials.
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF BITUMINOUS ENROBES: APPLICATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT WORKS OF THE YAOUNDE-DOUALA MOTORWAY IN CAMEROON","authors":"Fabrice Mbakop Kwefeu","doi":"10.14419/IJBAS.V9I1.30269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBAS.V9I1.30269","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent closure of roads for the sake of maintenance and refurbishment is an increasing problem for the road administrators and users, because of induced high costs, restrictions and influence they impose, traffic jam, and the many other disruptions such interventions have on traffic. In these circumstances, carriageways with long life span, with adapted tar, have much to offer, especially if they can exhibit optimum performances without requiring major repairs for over 30 years. On high traffic roads, research has shown that binders with elevated modules are a reliable and credible alternative to render their life span more sustainable and durable. In this context, the advantages presented by the absence of important repairs and refurbishing can be enough to justify the initial high costs of these advanced carriageway coatings. Studies on the different binders to be used were done, which have permitted in accordance with the performance of the layers, the required tests and the different study levels. Also, this has permitted us to analyze the obtained results and conclude that due to the expected needs, the LA and MDE tests, the PSV tests are the criteria that determine the selection of aggregates; The complexes modular methods, fatigue resistance (level IV), is to be necessary for the forecasting of the mechanical behavior of bituminous materials.","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76825149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v8i2.29714
Manzoor Ali Brohi, Aftab A. Shaikh
The service industry is rapidly growing worldwide with latest and sophisticated tools and strategies for satisfaction of their ultimate customers. Provision of an exceptional service is the lifeblood of airline survival, with the airline’s mid-flight operations being the most crucial fragment of the whole service encounter. This study hence quantifies and weighs the perceived service quality against the desired service quality expected by the customers of Pakistan International Airlines during flight operations, through the 5 main dimensions of SERVQUAL exemplified by the 30 service attributes. The main objective of this study is to find out gap between perceived service quality and expected service quality.This research is quantitative in nature, Factor Analysis and one sample T-Test were used for analysis of data and close-ended questionnaires were used to collect the data from sample of 120 passengers who travelled through PIA at least once is last 12 months. According to the results shown by the Factor Analysis, 8 components were retained or extracted out of 30 variables; all the variables have high correlation with components as overall correlation measured by Factor Analysis is 0.804 which is excellent in the practice. According to KMO and Bartlett’s test, the sampling accuracy remained .857 which is quite good measurement. In addition to that, one sample T- test shows that variable Assurance scores 2.88 average mean perception out of 3.0 average mean expectation touches the expectations but not up to desire level of quality. However, other variables like responsiveness, Empathy, Reliability and Tangibility score 2.78, 2.67, 2.67, and 2.64 respectively.Average Mean Difference Gap (P-E) shows variable Assurance reveals low level of gap -0.12. However, this does not fill the quality gap of minimum 3.0 of Average Mean Expectation. This study exhibits tremendous service gap in other variables as Responsiveness -0.22, Empathy -0.33, Reliability -0.33 and Tangibility possesses -0.35 in terms of Average Mean Difference Gap.The necessity of this research study was deeply felt as a thin of number of passengers prefers PIA services. The service quality of PIA is diminishing with poor service strategies, insufficient facilities and lack of inflight hospitality measures for passengers; therefore, this research will help the key decision makers to identify the areas to improve, and take necessary remedial actions.
{"title":"Assessment of perceived service quality using servqual mod-el: a case study of Pakistan international airline (PIA) in-flight hospitality","authors":"Manzoor Ali Brohi, Aftab A. Shaikh","doi":"10.14419/ijbas.v8i2.29714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v8i2.29714","url":null,"abstract":"The service industry is rapidly growing worldwide with latest and sophisticated tools and strategies for satisfaction of their ultimate customers. Provision of an exceptional service is the lifeblood of airline survival, with the airline’s mid-flight operations being the most crucial fragment of the whole service encounter. This study hence quantifies and weighs the perceived service quality against the desired service quality expected by the customers of Pakistan International Airlines during flight operations, through the 5 main dimensions of SERVQUAL exemplified by the 30 service attributes. The main objective of this study is to find out gap between perceived service quality and expected service quality.This research is quantitative in nature, Factor Analysis and one sample T-Test were used for analysis of data and close-ended questionnaires were used to collect the data from sample of 120 passengers who travelled through PIA at least once is last 12 months. According to the results shown by the Factor Analysis, 8 components were retained or extracted out of 30 variables; all the variables have high correlation with components as overall correlation measured by Factor Analysis is 0.804 which is excellent in the practice. According to KMO and Bartlett’s test, the sampling accuracy remained .857 which is quite good measurement. In addition to that, one sample T- test shows that variable Assurance scores 2.88 average mean perception out of 3.0 average mean expectation touches the expectations but not up to desire level of quality. However, other variables like responsiveness, Empathy, Reliability and Tangibility score 2.78, 2.67, 2.67, and 2.64 respectively.Average Mean Difference Gap (P-E) shows variable Assurance reveals low level of gap -0.12. However, this does not fill the quality gap of minimum 3.0 of Average Mean Expectation. This study exhibits tremendous service gap in other variables as Responsiveness -0.22, Empathy -0.33, Reliability -0.33 and Tangibility possesses -0.35 in terms of Average Mean Difference Gap.The necessity of this research study was deeply felt as a thin of number of passengers prefers PIA services. The service quality of PIA is diminishing with poor service strategies, insufficient facilities and lack of inflight hospitality measures for passengers; therefore, this research will help the key decision makers to identify the areas to improve, and take necessary remedial actions. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81649566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v8i1.29310
Seda Sertel Meyvaci, R. Kosif, Murat Diramali, T. Baki
Background: The hand is a functionally critical organ at the distal end of the upper extremity. Also, the creases in the hands and the digital flexion creases on the fingers are the important external anatomical landmarks.Objectives: There are no studies found in the literature, linking solely the leadership personality traits with the anthropometric measurements of the hand.Methods: This descriptive study was to investigate the relationship between the 44 anthropometric measurements about hand, and the leadership personality traits in young adults from both genders.Results: When the leadership frames were compared by the scores, human resource leadership scores were significantly higher in the females. The charismatic leadership frame scores positively correlated with the parameters in males; including the breadth of the right hand, the breadth of the left hand, the index finger length of the left hand, and the distal phalanx length of the index finger on the left hand. The transformational leadership score was positively correlated with the left hand width and with the distal phalanx of the index finger on the left hand. In females, it was found out that the frames of human leadership and charismatic leadership correlated negatively with the length of the right thumb.Conclusions: According to the results of our study, we concluded that the breadth of the hand and the measurements of the thumb and the index fingers can provide opinion on leadership personality traits.
{"title":"Investigation of the relationship of the morphometric measurements of the hands and fingers with the personality traits of leadership","authors":"Seda Sertel Meyvaci, R. Kosif, Murat Diramali, T. Baki","doi":"10.14419/ijbas.v8i1.29310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v8i1.29310","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The hand is a functionally critical organ at the distal end of the upper extremity. Also, the creases in the hands and the digital flexion creases on the fingers are the important external anatomical landmarks.Objectives: There are no studies found in the literature, linking solely the leadership personality traits with the anthropometric measurements of the hand.Methods: This descriptive study was to investigate the relationship between the 44 anthropometric measurements about hand, and the leadership personality traits in young adults from both genders.Results: When the leadership frames were compared by the scores, human resource leadership scores were significantly higher in the females. The charismatic leadership frame scores positively correlated with the parameters in males; including the breadth of the right hand, the breadth of the left hand, the index finger length of the left hand, and the distal phalanx length of the index finger on the left hand. The transformational leadership score was positively correlated with the left hand width and with the distal phalanx of the index finger on the left hand. In females, it was found out that the frames of human leadership and charismatic leadership correlated negatively with the length of the right thumb.Conclusions: According to the results of our study, we concluded that the breadth of the hand and the measurements of the thumb and the index fingers can provide opinion on leadership personality traits. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85118111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.14419/IJBAS.V8I1.10355
N. Etukudoh, Akindele Oo, Kunle-Alabi Ot, A. Bolarinwa
Background: Various antimalarial drugs adversely affect male reproductive functions. Naphtoquinones, a class of antimalarial drugs have been shown to effectively combat malaria parasites. However, the effects of naphtoquinone on reproductive functions remain elusive. The study determined the effects of naphthoquinone on reproductive functions of Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss miceMethods: Thirty male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) namely; Control, 1 mg/kg naphthoquinone, 2 mg/kg naphthoquinone, Plasmodium berghei berghei (Pbb)-infected, Pbb-infected+1 mg/kg naphthoquinone and Pbb-infected+2 mg/kg naphthoquinone. Parasitaemia was confirmed by microscopy. Naphthoquinone (i.p.) was administered for seven days following confirmation of parasitaemia. Thereafter, they were sacrificed. Serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and cortisol were assayed via ELISA. Sperm characteristics were evaluated by microscopy. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results: Sperm motility reduced in the Pbb-infected compared with control. Sperm viability, motility and count reduced in naphthoquinone only groups and Pbb-infected+naphthoquinone groups compared with the control. Naphthoquinone groups and Pbb-infected alone decreased in LH and testosterone concentrations compared with the control.Conclusion: Naphthoquinone treatment impaired reproductive functions in Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss mice.
{"title":"Naphthoquinone impairs reproductive functions in plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male swiss mice","authors":"N. Etukudoh, Akindele Oo, Kunle-Alabi Ot, A. Bolarinwa","doi":"10.14419/IJBAS.V8I1.10355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBAS.V8I1.10355","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Various antimalarial drugs adversely affect male reproductive functions. Naphtoquinones, a class of antimalarial drugs have been shown to effectively combat malaria parasites. However, the effects of naphtoquinone on reproductive functions remain elusive. The study determined the effects of naphthoquinone on reproductive functions of Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss miceMethods: Thirty male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) namely; Control, 1 mg/kg naphthoquinone, 2 mg/kg naphthoquinone, Plasmodium berghei berghei (Pbb)-infected, Pbb-infected+1 mg/kg naphthoquinone and Pbb-infected+2 mg/kg naphthoquinone. Parasitaemia was confirmed by microscopy. Naphthoquinone (i.p.) was administered for seven days following confirmation of parasitaemia. Thereafter, they were sacrificed. Serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and cortisol were assayed via ELISA. Sperm characteristics were evaluated by microscopy. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results: Sperm motility reduced in the Pbb-infected compared with control. Sperm viability, motility and count reduced in naphthoquinone only groups and Pbb-infected+naphthoquinone groups compared with the control. Naphthoquinone groups and Pbb-infected alone decreased in LH and testosterone concentrations compared with the control.Conclusion: Naphthoquinone treatment impaired reproductive functions in Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss mice. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"336 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80626527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an anti-tumor cytokine that promotes biological actions through the IL-12/STAT4 axis. Genetic variation and tumor microenvironment dynamics have been identified as critical elements for impaired immune anti-tumor responses. Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease classified at the molecular level in several subtypes, each having unique biological and clinical traits. Despite research identifying the relevance of IL-12 in many cancer types, no studies have assessed the role of the IL-12/STAT4 axis in BC. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the IL-12/STAT4 signaling axis and BC patients' survival in general and in the context of the BC molecular subtypes. Bioinformatics analyses using TCGA data were completed to evaluate the correlation of the IL-12/STAT4 axis and BC. A high expression of important IL-12/STAT4 axis molecules such as the IL-12 receptor genes (IL12RB1 and IL12RB2), STAT4, IFNG and TBX21 were found to significantly increase BC patients' survival rates, especially in the most aggressive BC subtypes such as the luminal B (LumB), HER-2+ and basal like (BL). A possible relevant role of the IL-12/STAT4 axis in BC is suggested by this bioinformatics-study, which might also be subtype-specific. Further studies such as molecular and tumor microenvironment analyses will be required to clarify better the specific role of the IL-12 /STAT4 axis in BC. The results from these additional analyses may potentially improve IL-12-related immunotherapeutic approaches to BC.
白细胞介素-12 (IL-12)是一种通过IL-12/STAT4轴促进生物作用的抗肿瘤细胞因子。遗传变异和肿瘤微环境动力学已被确定为免疫抗肿瘤反应受损的关键因素。乳腺癌(BC)是一种异质性疾病，在分子水平上分为几个亚型，每个亚型都有独特的生物学和临床特征。尽管研究确定了IL-12在许多癌症类型中的相关性，但没有研究评估IL-12/STAT4轴在BC中的作用。本研究的目的是评估IL-12/STAT4信号轴与BC患者生存的相关性，以及在BC分子亚型的背景下。利用TCGA数据进行生物信息学分析，评估IL-12/STAT4轴与BC的相关性。高表达重要的IL-12/STAT4轴分子，如IL-12受体基因(IL12RB1和IL12RB2)、STAT4、IFNG和TBX21，可显著提高BC患者的生存率，特别是在最具侵袭性的BC亚型，如luminal B (LumB)、HER-2+和basal like (BL)。这项生物信息学研究表明，IL-12/STAT4轴可能在BC中起相关作用，也可能是亚型特异性的。进一步的研究，如分子和肿瘤微环境分析，将需要更好地阐明IL-12 /STAT4轴在BC中的具体作用。这些额外分析的结果可能会潜在地改善与il -12相关的BC免疫治疗方法。
{"title":"Assessing the Role of the Interleukin-12/STAT4 Axis in Breast Cancer by a Bioinformatics Approach.","authors":"Angel Núñez-Marrero","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an anti-tumor cytokine that promotes biological actions through the IL-12/STAT4 axis. Genetic variation and tumor microenvironment dynamics have been identified as critical elements for impaired immune anti-tumor responses. Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease classified at the molecular level in several subtypes, each having unique biological and clinical traits. Despite research identifying the relevance of IL-12 in many cancer types, no studies have assessed the role of the IL-12/STAT4 axis in BC. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the IL-12/STAT4 signaling axis and BC patients' survival in general and in the context of the BC molecular subtypes. Bioinformatics analyses using TCGA data were completed to evaluate the correlation of the IL-12/STAT4 axis and BC. A high expression of important IL-12/STAT4 axis molecules such as the IL-12 receptor genes (<i>IL12RB1</i> and <i>IL12RB2</i>), <i>STAT4</i>, <i>IFNG</i> and <i>TBX21</i> were found to significantly increase BC patients' survival rates, especially in the most aggressive BC subtypes such as the luminal B (LumB), HER-2+ and basal like (BL). A possible relevant role of the IL-12/STAT4 axis in BC is suggested by this bioinformatics-study, which might also be subtype-specific. Further studies such as molecular and tumor microenvironment analyses will be required to clarify better the specific role of the IL-12 /STAT4 axis in BC. The results from these additional analyses may potentially improve IL-12-related immunotherapeutic approaches to BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"48 2","pages":"38-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253873/pdf/nihms-1585069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37987088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact or influence of siri marriage on government administration in Maiwa district, Enrekang Regency ". The research aims 1) To find out the siri marriage in Maiwa district 2) To find out government administration in Maiwa district 3) To find out the influence or impact of siri marriage on government administration in Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative research with frequency table analysis techniques to determine the condition of independent and dependent variables namely siri marriage as a variable "X" and government administration as a variable "Y", while to know associative variables using Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the siri marriage in Maiwa District was caused by adultery, divorce, polygamy and the number recorded in the last 3 years was 42 couples. Based on the tabulation of the frequency of government administration implementation in Maiwa district of 63.1; adultery, divorce marriage and polygamy have an influence on siri marriage at 69.8 percent while the influence of siri marriage on government administration using regression analysis is then processed using spss version 20.00 obtained R 2 or R square values from the summary table of 0.235 or 23.5 Siri marriage has an effect on government administration in Maiwa district, Enrekang Regency. While 76.5 percent is caused by other factors not examined.
{"title":"The Effect of Siri’s Marriage on Government Administration","authors":"M. R. R. Razak","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/yx3n7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/yx3n7","url":null,"abstract":"Impact or influence of siri marriage on government administration in Maiwa district, Enrekang Regency \". The research aims 1) To find out the siri marriage in Maiwa district 2) To find out government administration in Maiwa district 3) To find out the influence or impact of siri marriage on government administration in Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative research with frequency table analysis techniques to determine the condition of independent and dependent variables namely siri marriage as a variable \"X\" and government administration as a variable \"Y\", while to know associative variables using Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the siri marriage in Maiwa District was caused by adultery, divorce, polygamy and the number recorded in the last 3 years was 42 couples. Based on the tabulation of the frequency of government administration implementation in Maiwa district of 63.1; adultery, divorce marriage and polygamy have an influence on siri marriage at 69.8 percent while the influence of siri marriage on government administration using regression analysis is then processed using spss version 20.00 obtained R 2 or R square values from the summary table of 0.235 or 23.5 Siri marriage has an effect on government administration in Maiwa district, Enrekang Regency. While 76.5 percent is caused by other factors not examined.","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"171-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90110258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v7i4.11434
Ruparao T. Gahukar
Several insect species including termites, honey bees, American cockroach, grasshoppers, stink bugs, aquatic bugs, silkworms and mopane caterpillars are popularly consumed by indigenous and tribal communities in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, South-east Asia and the Pacific. Different life stages of the insects were found effective in therapeutic treatment against health disorders and life-threatening diseases. In entomophagy (process of insect eating), allergy, content of anti-nutrients, contamination of micro-organisms, chemicals and biochemical compounds, and parasitic infection are major constraints for wide adoption of entomophagy. An urgent attention of policymakers, people’s organizations and researchers is therefore needed. This review is focused on worldwide utilization of selected edible insects for therapeutic treatment wherever modern medical facilities are not readily available or indigenous people prefer traditional healers. Certain practical safety measures against anticipated health risk are also elaborated.
{"title":"Entomophagy in traditional healthcare practiced by indigenous communities: potential, implications and constraints","authors":"Ruparao T. Gahukar","doi":"10.14419/ijbas.v7i4.11434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v7i4.11434","url":null,"abstract":"Several insect species including termites, honey bees, American cockroach, grasshoppers, stink bugs, aquatic bugs, silkworms and mopane caterpillars are popularly consumed by indigenous and tribal communities in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, South-east Asia and the Pacific. Different life stages of the insects were found effective in therapeutic treatment against health disorders and life-threatening diseases. In entomophagy (process of insect eating), allergy, content of anti-nutrients, contamination of micro-organisms, chemicals and biochemical compounds, and parasitic infection are major constraints for wide adoption of entomophagy. An urgent attention of policymakers, people’s organizations and researchers is therefore needed. This review is focused on worldwide utilization of selected edible insects for therapeutic treatment wherever modern medical facilities are not readily available or indigenous people prefer traditional healers. Certain practical safety measures against anticipated health risk are also elaborated. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89060416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-23DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v7i3.14519
Hind A. A. Al-Zahrani
A potent alkaline protease producing strain characterized and identified as Streptomyces sp. H1 was isolated from soil around red sea shore. The enzyme was produced extracellulary in submerged culture revealed maximum level during early stationary phase. Alkaline protease showed the highest activity at incubation time, pH and inoculum size of 3 days, 9 and 8% respectively. Among different carbon sources beet molasses gave a maximum production followed by starch, sucrose and fructose. High yield of protease production was noticed with casein followed by peptone, yeast extract and ammonium sulphate. Furthermore, it was optimized with 7g/l NaCl resulted in higher level of protease. Optimization of the process parameters resulted in about 3.4 fold increase in the alkaline protease. Partial purification of the crude enzyme was achieved by fractional precipitation using ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation. Due to the maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate as beet molasses, stability at alkaline pH 9 and temperature up to 70 oC besides salt tolerance make the strain and its enzyme useful in different industrial applications.
{"title":"Optimization conditions of alkaline protease production by Streptomyces sp.H1 isolated from red sea coastal region in submerged culture","authors":"Hind A. A. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.14419/ijbas.v7i3.14519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v7i3.14519","url":null,"abstract":"A potent alkaline protease producing strain characterized and identified as Streptomyces sp. H1 was isolated from soil around red sea shore. The enzyme was produced extracellulary in submerged culture revealed maximum level during early stationary phase. Alkaline protease showed the highest activity at incubation time, pH and inoculum size of 3 days, 9 and 8% respectively. Among different carbon sources beet molasses gave a maximum production followed by starch, sucrose and fructose. High yield of protease production was noticed with casein followed by peptone, yeast extract and ammonium sulphate. Furthermore, it was optimized with 7g/l NaCl resulted in higher level of protease. Optimization of the process parameters resulted in about 3.4 fold increase in the alkaline protease. Partial purification of the crude enzyme was achieved by fractional precipitation using ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation. Due to the maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate as beet molasses, stability at alkaline pH 9 and temperature up to 70 oC besides salt tolerance make the strain and its enzyme useful in different industrial applications. ","PeriodicalId":14296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74426431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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