Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240045
Abiye F. George, Alfred T. Aggo
Background: Singleshot caudal block provides short lived postoperative analgesia necessitating continued exploration for adjuvants. Aim was to compare the analgesic efficacy between intravenous and caudal dexamethasone on bupivacaine based caudal block for paediatric infraumbilical surgeries. Methods: Following ethical clearance and parental consent, 69 children aged 1-6 years, of American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I and II were randomized into groups A, B and C, of 23 each. All subjects underwent laryngeal mask airway (LMA) general anaesthesia induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen, and had caudal block with 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. Additionally, groups B and C received caudal 0.1mg/kg and intravenous preinduction 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone, respectively. Pain was assessed using FLACC scale. The time to first analgesic request (TTFAR) was defined as the interval from caudal injection until pain score was ≥4; at this point, analgesic was given. Results: All 69 children were completely studied. The mean TTFAR (in minutes) was longest in Group B (485.40±24.50) followed by C (459.60±36.40), and shortest in group A (253.63±71.55), p=0.001, 0.024 and 0.968 for A versus B, A versus C and B versus C respectively, with greatest 24 hours pethidine consumption in Group A relative to groups B and C, p=0.001 and 0.025. Conclusions: Caudal 0.1 mg/kg or intravenous 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone combined with bupivacaine significantly prolonged postoperative analgesic duration, with comparable analgesic profile between the caudal and intravenous routes, and without adverse effects.
背景：单枪尾部阻滞的术后镇痛时间较短，因此有必要继续探索辅助药物。目的：比较静脉注射和尾部注射地塞米松对基于布比卡因的小儿脐下手术尾部阻滞的镇痛效果：在获得伦理许可和家长同意后，69 名 1-6 岁的美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）身体状况分类 I 和 II 级的儿童被随机分为 A、B 和 C 组，每组 23 人。所有受试者都接受了喉罩气道（LMA）全身麻醉，使用异丙酚诱导，在 100%氧气中使用异氟醚维持麻醉，并使用 1 毫升/千克 0.25% 布比卡因进行尾部阻滞。此外，B 组和 C 组分别接受了 0.1 毫克/千克的尾部阻滞和 0.25 毫克/千克的地塞米松静脉注射。疼痛采用FLACC量表进行评估。首次镇痛请求时间（TTFAR）定义为从尾部注射到疼痛评分≥4分的时间间隔；此时，给予镇痛剂：对所有 69 名儿童进行了全面研究。B组的平均TTFAR（以分钟为单位）最长（485.40±24.50），其次是C组（459.60±36.40），A组最短（253.63±71.55），A组对B组、A组对C组、B组对C组的P=0.001、0.024和0.968，A组相对于B组和C组的24小时哌替啶消耗量最大，P=0.001和0.025：腹腔注射 0.1 毫克/千克或静脉注射 0.25 毫克/千克地塞米松联合布比卡因可显著延长术后镇痛时间，腹腔注射和静脉注射的镇痛效果相当，且无不良反应。
{"title":"Analgesic effects of caudal versus intravenous dexamethasone on bupivacaine based caudal block for paediatric infraumbilical surgeries","authors":"Abiye F. George, Alfred T. Aggo","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240045","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Singleshot caudal block provides short lived postoperative analgesia necessitating continued exploration for adjuvants. Aim was to compare the analgesic efficacy between intravenous and caudal dexamethasone on bupivacaine based caudal block for paediatric infraumbilical surgeries.\u0000Methods: Following ethical clearance and parental consent, 69 children aged 1-6 years, of American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I and II were randomized into groups A, B and C, of 23 each. All subjects underwent laryngeal mask airway (LMA) general anaesthesia induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen, and had caudal block with 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. Additionally, groups B and C received caudal 0.1mg/kg and intravenous preinduction 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone, respectively. Pain was assessed using FLACC scale. The time to first analgesic request (TTFAR) was defined as the interval from caudal injection until pain score was ≥4; at this point, analgesic was given.\u0000Results: All 69 children were completely studied. The mean TTFAR (in minutes) was longest in Group B (485.40±24.50) followed by C (459.60±36.40), and shortest in group A (253.63±71.55), p=0.001, 0.024 and 0.968 for A versus B, A versus C and B versus C respectively, with greatest 24 hours pethidine consumption in Group A relative to groups B and C, p=0.001 and 0.025.\u0000Conclusions: Caudal 0.1 mg/kg or intravenous 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone combined with bupivacaine significantly prolonged postoperative analgesic duration, with comparable analgesic profile between the caudal and intravenous routes, and without adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"44 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240049
Venu Paritala
The global spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted in education, leading to the widespread adoption of online learning as face-to-face interactions in schools, colleges, and universities diminished. This article employs an exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach to develop a statistical model that comprehensively assesses the influence of COVID-19 on the world's education system until December 2021. The research delves into the complexities of this impact, examining day-to-day and week-to-week variations in education globally. It also compares the educational effects in different nations, with a specific focus on contrasting India with neighbouring countries and those severely affected by the pandemic. The study analyses immediate effects and addresses implications for the healthcare sector, offering insights for planning in the event of future outbreaks. By exploring data and trends, the article aims to provide valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on global education, facilitating informed decision-making in the face of unprecedented challenges.
{"title":"An exploratory data analysis of COVID-19 impacts on education","authors":"Venu Paritala","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240049","url":null,"abstract":"The global spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted in education, leading to the widespread adoption of online learning as face-to-face interactions in schools, colleges, and universities diminished. This article employs an exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach to develop a statistical model that comprehensively assesses the influence of COVID-19 on the world's education system until December 2021. The research delves into the complexities of this impact, examining day-to-day and week-to-week variations in education globally. It also compares the educational effects in different nations, with a specific focus on contrasting India with neighbouring countries and those severely affected by the pandemic. The study analyses immediate effects and addresses implications for the healthcare sector, offering insights for planning in the event of future outbreaks. By exploring data and trends, the article aims to provide valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on global education, facilitating informed decision-making in the face of unprecedented challenges.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240047
Manali Nilekeri, S. Taklikar
Background: Non-structural glycoprotein-1 (NS1) is a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of dengue fever. NS-1 antigen ELISA can be used for the early diagnosis of dengue fever in the acute stage. Quantitative methods are better for epidemic settings due to high false negative rates in qualitative ELISA. Methods: The study was initiated after approval from the institutional ethics council (IEC/DISS/17118). Study examined 280 patients with dengue symptoms who presented to the hospital's OPDs and IPDs. Patients were tested using qualitative ELISA, and those with Leptospira antibody, malaria, or Chikungunya IgM antibody were excluded. Age, gender, symptoms, comorbidities, total leucocyte count, platelet count, and risk category were all patient-related parameters. Patient-related parameters were recorded, and data was collected using Microsoft excel and analysed statistically. Results: Most patients aged 2-40 with male predominance had fever, chills, and body aches, 243 (86.8%) tested positive for ELISA NS1. Quantitative ELISA test showed a statistically significant correlation with rapid antigen NS1 result (p=0.015). Its AUC was 0.883 (p=0.0001), and its cut-off was (>109.1) with 96.9% sensitivity and 13.64% specificity. The AUC of quantitative ELISA NS1 against qualitative ELISA NS1 was 0.853 which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). At the cut-off >74.34, the test's sensitivity was 92.59% and specificity was 75.68%. Conclusions: Qualitative ELISA NS1 test is better than rapid antigen test for screening due to its higher specificity and similar sensitivity.
{"title":"Comparison of rapid dengue NS1, qualitative ELISA, and quantitative ELISA result","authors":"Manali Nilekeri, S. Taklikar","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240047","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-structural glycoprotein-1 (NS1) is a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of dengue fever. NS-1 antigen ELISA can be used for the early diagnosis of dengue fever in the acute stage. Quantitative methods are better for epidemic settings due to high false negative rates in qualitative ELISA.\u0000Methods: The study was initiated after approval from the institutional ethics council (IEC/DISS/17118). Study examined 280 patients with dengue symptoms who presented to the hospital's OPDs and IPDs. Patients were tested using qualitative ELISA, and those with Leptospira antibody, malaria, or Chikungunya IgM antibody were excluded. Age, gender, symptoms, comorbidities, total leucocyte count, platelet count, and risk category were all patient-related parameters. Patient-related parameters were recorded, and data was collected using Microsoft excel and analysed statistically.\u0000Results: Most patients aged 2-40 with male predominance had fever, chills, and body aches, 243 (86.8%) tested positive for ELISA NS1. Quantitative ELISA test showed a statistically significant correlation with rapid antigen NS1 result (p=0.015). Its AUC was 0.883 (p=0.0001), and its cut-off was (>109.1) with 96.9% sensitivity and 13.64% specificity. The AUC of quantitative ELISA NS1 against qualitative ELISA NS1 was 0.853 which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). At the cut-off >74.34, the test's sensitivity was 92.59% and specificity was 75.68%.\u0000Conclusions: Qualitative ELISA NS1 test is better than rapid antigen test for screening due to its higher specificity and similar sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"55 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adolescents should be studying, have socio-cultural development, economic sufficiency is essential. But in remote, rural regions, there are many school drop-outs because of various reasons with possibilities of sequalae which affect health, development and wellbeing. Methods: After Institute’s Ethics Committees’ approval descriptive study was conducted in 100 villages to collect information from adolescents/young, 14-25, years neither studying nor working, as per objectives, 1046 study subjects. divided into, 14-17 years, 18-21 years, and 22-25 years. Results: Of 1046 study subjects, 717 (68.54%) were girls/ women 29.72% of 14-17 years, 32.35% of 18-21 years 37.93% of 22-25 years, 45 (6.27%) illiterates, 28.17% dropped at primary school. Reasons for dropouts included care of siblings, work in farms, household work. Total 693 of 1046 wanted to learn stitching. The 329 (31.46) boys/men, 30.30% 14-17 years old, 32.21%, 18-21 years, 37.99% 22-25 years 21 (6.38%) males were illiterate, 37.38% dropouts at primary level due to poverty, lack of interest, failure in examinations. Reasons for dropouts included work in farms; work at other places, household work. When asked about desires for skills learning, 1st choice of most of girls/women boys/ men was stitching second choice beauty parlour. Conclusions: Some adolescents/young were illiterate, many school dropout at primary level, more females married. Lack of support from family, poverty, care of sibling, infrastructure, lack of interest in education, repeated failure in exams, were reasons for drop outs. Most were interested in tailor’s job/beautician. They lacked vision of many possibilities.
{"title":"Rural adolescents schooling, skills learning-economic development for their own and community health and development","authors":"Shakuntala Chhabra, Thombre Bhaktraj, Kanade Manoj","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233866","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents should be studying, have socio-cultural development, economic sufficiency is essential. But in remote, rural regions, there are many school drop-outs because of various reasons with possibilities of sequalae which affect health, development and wellbeing. Methods: After Institute’s Ethics Committees’ approval descriptive study was conducted in 100 villages to collect information from adolescents/young, 14-25, years neither studying nor working, as per objectives, 1046 study subjects. divided into, 14-17 years, 18-21 years, and 22-25 years. Results: Of 1046 study subjects, 717 (68.54%) were girls/ women 29.72% of 14-17 years, 32.35% of 18-21 years 37.93% of 22-25 years, 45 (6.27%) illiterates, 28.17% dropped at primary school. Reasons for dropouts included care of siblings, work in farms, household work. Total 693 of 1046 wanted to learn stitching. The 329 (31.46) boys/men, 30.30% 14-17 years old, 32.21%, 18-21 years, 37.99% 22-25 years 21 (6.38%) males were illiterate, 37.38% dropouts at primary level due to poverty, lack of interest, failure in examinations. Reasons for dropouts included work in farms; work at other places, household work. When asked about desires for skills learning, 1st choice of most of girls/women boys/ men was stitching second choice beauty parlour. Conclusions: Some adolescents/young were illiterate, many school dropout at primary level, more females married. Lack of support from family, poverty, care of sibling, infrastructure, lack of interest in education, repeated failure in exams, were reasons for drop outs. Most were interested in tailor’s job/beautician. They lacked vision of many possibilities.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233868
Zuha Shyma, Saba Farooqui, Suha Zulekha, A. V. V., Jacinta Martis, Ravikumar Naik
Psychodermatology, an emerging field in dermatology, investigates the complex relationship between the skin and the mind. Dermatitis neglecta, a rare disorder, manifests as the accumulation of bacteria, perspiration, corneocytes, and sebum in a localised area of skin, leading to the development of a hyperpigmented patch or verrucous plaque. This case study presents dermatitis neglect, where the condition was triggered by a deliberate disregard for personal hygiene. Upon clinical examination, the patient presented with a hyperpigmented scaly patch, which was further confirmed through spirit testing. Alcohol swabbing can be used as a therapeutic and diagnostic approach for this particular case. The medical literature and textbooks provide scarce information on dermatitis neglecta, contributing to the limited understanding of this condition. Consequently, misdiagnosis is frequent, leading to unnecessary and aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Dermatitis Neglecta is frequently misdiagnosed. Raising awareness of this condition is crucial in order to prevent unnecessary interventions. When required, emollients should be used judiciously, and appropriate patient education on maintaining personal hygiene and the application of keratolytics should be emphasized.
{"title":"Lymphedema with dermatitis neglecta: a case rare report","authors":"Zuha Shyma, Saba Farooqui, Suha Zulekha, A. V. V., Jacinta Martis, Ravikumar Naik","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233868","url":null,"abstract":"Psychodermatology, an emerging field in dermatology, investigates the complex relationship between the skin and the mind. Dermatitis neglecta, a rare disorder, manifests as the accumulation of bacteria, perspiration, corneocytes, and sebum in a localised area of skin, leading to the development of a hyperpigmented patch or verrucous plaque. This case study presents dermatitis neglect, where the condition was triggered by a deliberate disregard for personal hygiene. Upon clinical examination, the patient presented with a hyperpigmented scaly patch, which was further confirmed through spirit testing. Alcohol swabbing can be used as a therapeutic and diagnostic approach for this particular case. The medical literature and textbooks provide scarce information on dermatitis neglecta, contributing to the limited understanding of this condition. Consequently, misdiagnosis is frequent, leading to unnecessary and aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Dermatitis Neglecta is frequently misdiagnosed. Raising awareness of this condition is crucial in order to prevent unnecessary interventions. When required, emollients should be used judiciously, and appropriate patient education on maintaining personal hygiene and the application of keratolytics should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233870
Sameen Mukhtar, Muhammad Haris
Diabetes type-1 is a chronic disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It progresses through distinct stages at varying rates, with stage 1 being β-cell autoimmunity with normal blood sugar, stage 2 being β-cell autoimmunity with dysglycemia, and stage 3 being symptomatic disease onset.
{"title":"Teplizumab: an FDA- approved drug, marks milestone in treatment of type 1 diabetes","authors":"Sameen Mukhtar, Muhammad Haris","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233870","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes type-1 is a chronic disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It progresses through distinct stages at varying rates, with stage 1 being β-cell autoimmunity with normal blood sugar, stage 2 being β-cell autoimmunity with dysglycemia, and stage 3 being symptomatic disease onset.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"77 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233867
Joe Mensah
Over the years, many successive governments of Ghana have been making efforts to minimise the transmission of HIV in the country through its agencies such as the Ghana health service and the Ghana AIDS Commission. In an attempt to continue to bring the transmission of HIV under control, the government of Ghana in July 2023, launched the HIV self-test (HIVST) kits for use. However, like new health products such as COVID-19 vaccines, there is a tendency of hesitancy to their use in the country. Using the case study design in connection with the purposive sampling technique, the study sampled 12 participants in Winneba, Ghana and data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that majority of the people were aware of the HIVST kits in the country with another indicating that the HIVST kits are yet to be made available in communities. Women were found to be more willing to use the HIVST kits than other population groups. Accessing the HIVST kits on the other hand was met with scarcity and participants identified the pharmacy to be the best place to access the HIVST kits. It is recommended that the municipal health directorate and the Ghana AIDS commission should collaborate to intensify education and publicity on the availability and use of the HIVST kits. Additionally, in order to prevent unforeseen shocks, there is a need for the pharmaceutical society of Ghana to train and equip its members to offer counselling services to users of the HIVST kits.
{"title":"Willingness to use HIV self-test kits in Winneba, Ghana","authors":"Joe Mensah","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233867","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, many successive governments of Ghana have been making efforts to minimise the transmission of HIV in the country through its agencies such as the Ghana health service and the Ghana AIDS Commission. In an attempt to continue to bring the transmission of HIV under control, the government of Ghana in July 2023, launched the HIV self-test (HIVST) kits for use. However, like new health products such as COVID-19 vaccines, there is a tendency of hesitancy to their use in the country. Using the case study design in connection with the purposive sampling technique, the study sampled 12 participants in Winneba, Ghana and data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that majority of the people were aware of the HIVST kits in the country with another indicating that the HIVST kits are yet to be made available in communities. Women were found to be more willing to use the HIVST kits than other population groups. Accessing the HIVST kits on the other hand was met with scarcity and participants identified the pharmacy to be the best place to access the HIVST kits. It is recommended that the municipal health directorate and the Ghana AIDS commission should collaborate to intensify education and publicity on the availability and use of the HIVST kits. Additionally, in order to prevent unforeseen shocks, there is a need for the pharmaceutical society of Ghana to train and equip its members to offer counselling services to users of the HIVST kits.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233869
Emojevwe Victor, Gbemi Olasunkanmi Korede, N. Obidike, O. M. Obukohwo, Oyeleke Abiodun Abioye
Orgasmic headache is a headache caused by sexual activity that emerges as sexual excitement increases (progressive at onset) or as an immediate and powerful headache following orgasm (thunderclap at onset) or combines these two characteristics. The idea that orgasmic headache (OGH) is caused by physiologically inappropriate responses is extremely simplistic. As a result, a complete analysis of the physiological mechanisms is provided here in order to comprehend the complex situation of OGH. The physiology of OGH was studied in humans utilizing peer-reviewed papers from Pubmed, Science direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Cochrane library, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar. Author, year of publication published between 2003 and 2020. OGH can regulate psychophysiological reactions, but it can also cause a rise in blood pressure, persistent pain, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. This review explains two physiological systems: the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which induces the creation of less serotonin, resulting in an inflammatory response and discomfort. The release of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine can cause cerebral ischemia, which can lead to headaches in headache-prone patients. Fear of an orgasmic headache can lead to lower libido, leading to lower sex pleasure. As a result, the condition may deprive sex of its pleasure and turn it into a ‘headache’. We conduct a literature review to study the physiological processes of OGH in connection to its physiological maladaptive responses. A greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying Orgasmic headache will allow practitioners to properly identify and counsel patients without attributing physiological maladaptive reactions to OGH.
{"title":"The physiology of orgasmic headache","authors":"Emojevwe Victor, Gbemi Olasunkanmi Korede, N. Obidike, O. M. Obukohwo, Oyeleke Abiodun Abioye","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233869","url":null,"abstract":"Orgasmic headache is a headache caused by sexual activity that emerges as sexual excitement increases (progressive at onset) or as an immediate and powerful headache following orgasm (thunderclap at onset) or combines these two characteristics. The idea that orgasmic headache (OGH) is caused by physiologically inappropriate responses is extremely simplistic. As a result, a complete analysis of the physiological mechanisms is provided here in order to comprehend the complex situation of OGH. The physiology of OGH was studied in humans utilizing peer-reviewed papers from Pubmed, Science direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Cochrane library, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar. Author, year of publication published between 2003 and 2020. OGH can regulate psychophysiological reactions, but it can also cause a rise in blood pressure, persistent pain, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. This review explains two physiological systems: the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which induces the creation of less serotonin, resulting in an inflammatory response and discomfort. The release of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine can cause cerebral ischemia, which can lead to headaches in headache-prone patients. Fear of an orgasmic headache can lead to lower libido, leading to lower sex pleasure. As a result, the condition may deprive sex of its pleasure and turn it into a ‘headache’. We conduct a literature review to study the physiological processes of OGH in connection to its physiological maladaptive responses. A greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying Orgasmic headache will allow practitioners to properly identify and counsel patients without attributing physiological maladaptive reactions to OGH.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233872
Sameen Mukhtar, Muhammad Haris
HIV is a lentivirus that selectively targets and infects CD4 cells, which are integral to the immune system. Through viral integration and replication, infected cells are gradually destroyed, leading to a weakened immune system and an increased susceptibility to illnesses. The HIV epidemic has resulted in approximately 40.1 million deaths and 84.2 million infections to date, with 38.4 million individuals living with HIV as of the end of 2021. The estimated global prevalence of HIV in adults aged 15 to 49 is 0.7%.
{"title":"Breaking barriers in HIV treatment: the game-changing impact of lenacapavir","authors":"Sameen Mukhtar, Muhammad Haris","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233872","url":null,"abstract":"HIV is a lentivirus that selectively targets and infects CD4 cells, which are integral to the immune system. Through viral integration and replication, infected cells are gradually destroyed, leading to a weakened immune system and an increased susceptibility to illnesses. The HIV epidemic has resulted in approximately 40.1 million deaths and 84.2 million infections to date, with 38.4 million individuals living with HIV as of the end of 2021. The estimated global prevalence of HIV in adults aged 15 to 49 is 0.7%.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233871
Sawera Haider, Fareeha Masood, Eman Javed
Cervical cancer refers to a malignancy of the lower part of uterus i.e. cervix. It is the fourth most prevalent among women worldwide and tallies for about 30% of cancer cases in the developing world and 5% in the developed world.
{"title":"Pap test: significance in early diagnosis of cervical cancer","authors":"Sawera Haider, Fareeha Masood, Eman Javed","doi":"10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233871","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer refers to a malignancy of the lower part of uterus i.e. cervix. It is the fourth most prevalent among women worldwide and tallies for about 30% of cancer cases in the developing world and 5% in the developed world.","PeriodicalId":14297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Reports","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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