Julian E. Correa-Narvaez, S. E. Allen, Indah B. Huegele, S. Manchester
Premise of research. Eocene sediments of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming contain fossil leaves and infructescences that appear to represent Tetramelaceae (Cucurbitales). Today, this family consists of two genera (Tetrameles and Octomeles) of towering rain forest trees native to India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Methodology. We examined the fruit, seed, and leaf morphology of extant Tetramelaceae as a basis for recognizing fossil representatives. Fossils were studied from localities in the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in Utah and Colorado and in the Bridger and Aycross Formations of western Wyoming. Extant and extinct material was studied by light microscopy and micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. Pivotal results. Infructescences of Parvaspicula lepidioidea (Cockerell) comb. nov. conform to Tetramelaceae in their spicate arrangement of helically arranged, capsular, ribbed fruits with inferior ovaries and parietal placentation. Each fruit typically has four styles and dehisces apically between the styles, reminiscent of extant Tetrameles, but they share an apical disk and the bulbous stigmas of extant Octomeles. Leaves of Punctaphyllum glandulosum (Brown) comb. nov. conform to Tetramelaceae in their long petioles, basal marginal and intramarginal veins, and regularly spaced circular laminar glands. These glands are small and cover the laminae or are larger and concentrated in a single file row along the lamina margin. Punctaphyllum glandulosum varies in its base shape, lobe number, and margin type, matching the variation seen in extant Octomeles leaves. Conclusions. The repeated co-occurrence of Parvaspicula and Punctaphyllum and the morphological similarities of both of these organs with extant Tetramelaceae lead us to infer that they represent parts of the same extinct plant. These records serve as the first documented leaf and infructescence fossils of Tetramelaceae and suggest that the family once lived in North America, indicating broader biogeographic distribution than previously recognized.
{"title":"Fossil Leaves and Fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain Region, USA, and Their Biogeographic Significance","authors":"Julian E. Correa-Narvaez, S. E. Allen, Indah B. Huegele, S. Manchester","doi":"10.1086/724018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724018","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Eocene sediments of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming contain fossil leaves and infructescences that appear to represent Tetramelaceae (Cucurbitales). Today, this family consists of two genera (Tetrameles and Octomeles) of towering rain forest trees native to India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Methodology. We examined the fruit, seed, and leaf morphology of extant Tetramelaceae as a basis for recognizing fossil representatives. Fossils were studied from localities in the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in Utah and Colorado and in the Bridger and Aycross Formations of western Wyoming. Extant and extinct material was studied by light microscopy and micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. Pivotal results. Infructescences of Parvaspicula lepidioidea (Cockerell) comb. nov. conform to Tetramelaceae in their spicate arrangement of helically arranged, capsular, ribbed fruits with inferior ovaries and parietal placentation. Each fruit typically has four styles and dehisces apically between the styles, reminiscent of extant Tetrameles, but they share an apical disk and the bulbous stigmas of extant Octomeles. Leaves of Punctaphyllum glandulosum (Brown) comb. nov. conform to Tetramelaceae in their long petioles, basal marginal and intramarginal veins, and regularly spaced circular laminar glands. These glands are small and cover the laminae or are larger and concentrated in a single file row along the lamina margin. Punctaphyllum glandulosum varies in its base shape, lobe number, and margin type, matching the variation seen in extant Octomeles leaves. Conclusions. The repeated co-occurrence of Parvaspicula and Punctaphyllum and the morphological similarities of both of these organs with extant Tetramelaceae lead us to infer that they represent parts of the same extinct plant. These records serve as the first documented leaf and infructescence fossils of Tetramelaceae and suggest that the family once lived in North America, indicating broader biogeographic distribution than previously recognized.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"53 1","pages":"177 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91314568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/45-50
Drinkal Yadav, Vipin Kumar, A. Pandey, Ravindra Kumar
Groundnut is one of the important oil seed crop in arid and semi arid area of India. In Uttar Pradesh it is grown as rainfed crop in Eastern U.P.and Bundelkhand. In eastern U.P it is mainly grown in Gorakhpur, Deoria, Balrampur, Shravasti and Bahraich not as a oilseed crop but as a dietary supplement or confectionary. The major constrains in its production are diseases caused by Bacteria, Fungi, Virus and Nematodes. Among these Tikka-leaf spot, Rust, Anthracnose, Wilt, Stem rot, Root rot, Collar rot and Yellow mold is noticed as most destructive diseases for yield loss. Among all these Tikka disease and rust are most common and destructive to reduce the quantity as well as quality of produce. To minimize the loss caused by this pathogen various measures are applied. Among all these measures biological control is most beneficial.
{"title":"Survey and studies on fungal diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and their management in eastern U.P.","authors":"Drinkal Yadav, Vipin Kumar, A. Pandey, Ravindra Kumar","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/45-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/45-50","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut is one of the important oil seed crop in arid and semi arid area of India. In Uttar Pradesh it is grown as rainfed crop in Eastern U.P.and Bundelkhand. In eastern U.P it is mainly grown in Gorakhpur, Deoria, Balrampur, Shravasti and Bahraich not as a oilseed crop but as a dietary supplement or confectionary. The major constrains in its production are diseases caused by Bacteria, Fungi, Virus and Nematodes. Among these Tikka-leaf spot, Rust, Anthracnose, Wilt, Stem rot, Root rot, Collar rot and Yellow mold is noticed as most destructive diseases for yield loss. Among all these Tikka disease and rust are most common and destructive to reduce the quantity as well as quality of produce. To minimize the loss caused by this pathogen various measures are applied. Among all these measures biological control is most beneficial.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86627019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/51-56
B. Yadav
Northern India, south of the Himalayas, is inhabited to the largest habitat of M. oleifera, a tropical deciduous tree that belongs to the Moringa family. M. oleifera includes a variety of nutrients, including protein, vitamin A, minerals, essential amino acids, flavonoids, and isothiocyanates. Extracts of M. oleifera have a number of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering properties. The health advantages of M. oleifera are due to its phytochemicals, including flavonoids and isothiocyanates. This article is a review that concluded studies on M. oleifera’s bioactivity and pharmacological processes in the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses. These disorders include inflammatory diseases, neuro-dysfunctional diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Studies on Moringa oleifera are summarized in this review, focusing on taxonomy, cultivation, nutritional characteristics, medical applications and value-added products.
{"title":"Nutraceutical potential of Moringa oleifera","authors":"B. Yadav","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/51-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/51-56","url":null,"abstract":"Northern India, south of the Himalayas, is inhabited to the largest habitat of M. oleifera, a tropical deciduous tree that belongs to the Moringa family. M. oleifera includes a variety of nutrients, including protein, vitamin A, minerals, essential amino acids, flavonoids, and isothiocyanates. Extracts of M. oleifera have a number of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering properties. The health advantages of M. oleifera are due to its phytochemicals, including flavonoids and isothiocyanates. This article is a review that concluded studies on M. oleifera’s bioactivity and pharmacological processes in the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses. These disorders include inflammatory diseases, neuro-dysfunctional diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Studies on Moringa oleifera are summarized in this review, focusing on taxonomy, cultivation, nutritional characteristics, medical applications and value-added products.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89052523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/1-9
S. Borgaonkar, J. E. Jahagirdar, H. Kalpande, D. Patil
The present investigation on “Studies on heterosis for yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)” was conducted during Kharif-2020, at Department of Agriculture Botany, Vasantrao Naik Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, National Agricultural Research Project, Aurangabad and College of Agriculture, Golegaon. The experimental material included in the present study comprised of five females (lines) and twelve restorers (testers) and sixty crosses. The experimental material was evaluated for twelve characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, earhead length (cm), earhead girth (cm), number of nodes per plant, plant height (cm), total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), grain yield per plant (g) and grain yield per hectare (kg). The range of heterobeltiosis was from -33.13 % to 78.20 %. In case of heterobeltiosis, twenty-two crosses showed positive significant heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant. The cross 02888 X 15006R displayed highly significant standard heterosis over AHB 1200 (43.45 %), AHB 1666 (72.14 %) and Dhanshakti (68.53 %). The standard heterosis for grain yield per plant ranged from -36.31 % to 72.14 %. The other crosses having highly significant and positive standard heterosis were 99111A X 15713R (41.07 %, 69.29 % and 65.73 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti), 99111A X 15020R (39.29 %, 67.14 % and 63.64 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti), 02333A X 15183R(36.31 %, 63.57 % and 60.14 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti) and 02333A X 15351R (37.50%, 65.00 % and 61.54 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti).
本研究“珍珠粟(Pennisetum glaucum L.)产量杂种优势及其组成因素的研究”是在哈里夫-2020年期间在奥兰加巴德国家农业研究项目农业植物学部Vasantrao Naik Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani和Golegaon农业学院进行的。本研究的实验材料包括5个雌性(系)和12个恢复系(试)和60个杂交。对试验材料进行了12个性状的评价，即开花至50%天数、成熟天数、穗长(cm)、穗围(cm)、单株节数、株高(cm)、单株总分蘖数、单株有效分蘖数、铁含量(ppm)、锌含量(ppm)、单株产量(g)和每公顷产量(kg)。杂种优势度在- 33.13% ~ 78.20%之间。在杂种优势方面，22个杂交品种单株产量呈显著正杂种优势。杂种02888 × 15006R对ahb1200(43.45%)、ahb1666(72.14%)和Dhanshakti(68.53%)表现出极显著的标准杂种优势。单株籽粒产量的标准杂种优势为- 36.31% ~ 72.14%。另十字架有非常重要和积极的标准杂种优势是99111 X 15713 r(41.07%、69.29%和65.73%在标准检查AHB 1200, AHB 1666和Dhanshakti), 99111 X 15020 r(39.29%、67.14%和63.64%的标准检查1200年AHB AHB 1666和Dhanshakti), 02333 X 15183 r(36.31%、63.57%和60.14%的标准检查1200年AHB AHB 1666和Dhanshakti)和02333 X 15351 r(37.50%、65.00%和61.54%的标准检查1200年AHB AHB 1666和Dhanshakti)。
{"title":"Gene action studies in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)","authors":"S. Borgaonkar, J. E. Jahagirdar, H. Kalpande, D. Patil","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation on “Studies on heterosis for yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)” was conducted during Kharif-2020, at Department of Agriculture Botany, Vasantrao Naik Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, National Agricultural Research Project, Aurangabad and College of Agriculture, Golegaon. The experimental material included in the present study comprised of five females (lines) and twelve restorers (testers) and sixty crosses. The experimental material was evaluated for twelve characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, earhead length (cm), earhead girth (cm), number of nodes per plant, plant height (cm), total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), grain yield per plant (g) and grain yield per hectare (kg). The range of heterobeltiosis was from -33.13 % to 78.20 %. In case of heterobeltiosis, twenty-two crosses showed positive significant heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant. The cross 02888 X 15006R displayed highly significant standard heterosis over AHB 1200 (43.45 %), AHB 1666 (72.14 %) and Dhanshakti (68.53 %). The standard heterosis for grain yield per plant ranged from -36.31 % to 72.14 %. The other crosses having highly significant and positive standard heterosis were 99111A X 15713R (41.07 %, 69.29 % and 65.73 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti), 99111A X 15020R (39.29 %, 67.14 % and 63.64 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti), 02333A X 15183R(36.31 %, 63.57 % and 60.14 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti) and 02333A X 15351R (37.50%, 65.00 % and 61.54 % over standard check AHB 1200, AHB 1666 and Dhanshakti).","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72784213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/10-13
S. Patel, V. Garg, S. Balpande
Six insecticides namely Emamectin benzoat 5% SG, Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Spinosad 45.0% SC, Flubendiamide 48 % SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Novaluron 10% EC were evaluated against Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) larvae. The Gram Pod Borer (GPB) larval population was counted on five randomly selected plants, 24 hrs. before spray and at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. The two-year experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Rehti Farm of school of agriculture, Mhow, experimental field of Department of Entomology, BRAUSS, (MP). All the Chemical insecticides significantly reduced the GPB larval population. The Pooled GPB population varied from 2.23 to 2.57 larvae/ plant during Rabi season at one day prior to first spray. The population was significant lower with, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, followed by Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Spinosad 45.0% SC, Flubendiamide 48 % SC and Emamectin benzoat 5% SG these five insectiicdes are showing best management effects on the GPB larvae and pod damage .Novaluron 10% EC gave are least effective on larval population and pod damage. The highest chickpea grain yield (19.13q/ha) was obtained with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC.
{"title":"Bio-efficacy of newer insecticides against gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"S. Patel, V. Garg, S. Balpande","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/10-13","url":null,"abstract":"Six insecticides namely Emamectin benzoat 5% SG, Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Spinosad 45.0% SC, Flubendiamide 48 % SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Novaluron 10% EC were evaluated against Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) larvae. The Gram Pod Borer (GPB) larval population was counted on five randomly selected plants, 24 hrs. before spray and at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. The two-year experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Rehti Farm of school of agriculture, Mhow, experimental field of Department of Entomology, BRAUSS, (MP). All the Chemical insecticides significantly reduced the GPB larval population. The Pooled GPB population varied from 2.23 to 2.57 larvae/ plant during Rabi season at one day prior to first spray. The population was significant lower with, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, followed by Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Spinosad 45.0% SC, Flubendiamide 48 % SC and Emamectin benzoat 5% SG these five insectiicdes are showing best management effects on the GPB larvae and pod damage .Novaluron 10% EC gave are least effective on larval population and pod damage. The highest chickpea grain yield (19.13q/ha) was obtained with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86086426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/73-78
B. Yadav
Ragi, also known as Eleusine coracana according to its scientific name, is a type of cereal grown annually and mostly produced in tropical areas of Asia and Africa, such as Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and India. The nutritional and physiological benefits of Ragi, as well as its application in meals with added value, are investigated in this article. Ragi, also known as Mandau, is a kind of millet that is extensively cultivated in a number of places across India and Africa. It has the same amount of protein as rice (around 6–8%) and about the same amount of fat (about 1-2%), but it has a higher concentration of minerals and micronutrients than rice and wheat. in terms of its nutritional value, it has a high concentration of calcium (344 mg per 100 g), dietary fiber (15–20%), and phenolic compounds (0.3–3%). These essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and phenyl alanine, can only be found in very little starchy foods. It is also known to provide a number of health advantages, such as antitumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and atherosclerogenic properties, which are mostly related to the fact that it contains dietary fiber and polyphenols. Due to the fact that it is a native short millet, it is utilized in the creating variety of culinary products in its usual and malted forms. The grains of this millet are crushed into flour, which may then be used to produce a wide range of foods and snacks. These foods and snacks include various puddings, pancakes, cookies, roti, bread, noodles, and other products that are quite similar to each other. In addition to this, it may be malted and then used as a meal that is healthy for newborns. Additionally, it is regarded to be a nourishing diet for persons who have diabetes. Ragi is loaded with a wide variety of nutrients, making it an excellent food choice for improving digestion, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, preventing premature ageing, and lowering diabetes.
{"title":"A review of the nutritional properties of ragi (Eleusine coracana L.)","authors":"B. Yadav","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/73-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/73-78","url":null,"abstract":"Ragi, also known as Eleusine coracana according to its scientific name, is a type of cereal grown annually and mostly produced in tropical areas of Asia and Africa, such as Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and India. The nutritional and physiological benefits of Ragi, as well as its application in meals with added value, are investigated in this article. Ragi, also known as Mandau, is a kind of millet that is extensively cultivated in a number of places across India and Africa. It has the same amount of protein as rice (around 6–8%) and about the same amount of fat (about 1-2%), but it has a higher concentration of minerals and micronutrients than rice and wheat. in terms of its nutritional value, it has a high concentration of calcium (344 mg per 100 g), dietary fiber (15–20%), and phenolic compounds (0.3–3%). These essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and phenyl alanine, can only be found in very little starchy foods. It is also known to provide a number of health advantages, such as antitumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and atherosclerogenic properties, which are mostly related to the fact that it contains dietary fiber and polyphenols. Due to the fact that it is a native short millet, it is utilized in the creating variety of culinary products in its usual and malted forms. The grains of this millet are crushed into flour, which may then be used to produce a wide range of foods and snacks. These foods and snacks include various puddings, pancakes, cookies, roti, bread, noodles, and other products that are quite similar to each other. In addition to this, it may be malted and then used as a meal that is healthy for newborns. Additionally, it is regarded to be a nourishing diet for persons who have diabetes. Ragi is loaded with a wide variety of nutrients, making it an excellent food choice for improving digestion, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, preventing premature ageing, and lowering diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cauliflower is one of the most important winter vegetable crop of india. Dehydrated cauliflower can be used to enhance the taste and nutritional value of various product such as vegetable soup, canned and extruded products etc. Experimental study was conducted to evaluate cauliflower slices using tray drying and microwave power drying techniques. Pretreatment of cauliflower slices as unblanched, blanched and blanched with kms and dried at different temperature (45, 55 and 65°C ) and micro wave at different power level ( 20 W,40 W and 60 W ).The physio-chemical characteristics were evaluated just after preparation of cauliflower slices. Sensory characteristics (colour, flavour, taste, texture and overall acceptability) were evaluated for pre treated cauliflower slices which dehydrated in tray dryer at 45, 55 and 65°C temperature and in microwave power dryer at 20, 40 and 60 W power. Sensory evolution was done using hedonic rating test method to measure the consumer acceptability. Results showed that highest score was obtained as 7.9 for colour at 65°c in KMS balanced condition where as highest score for taste was obtained as 7.9 at 65°C in balanced condition in tray dryer. The maximum value of flavour (8.0) was obtained at 65°C in blanched condition where as highest value of texture (7.9) at 65°C in blanched condition in tray dryer in microwave dryer, the highest values of colour (7.9) was obtained at 60W in kms blanched condition where as highest value of taste (7.9) at 60 W in unblanched conditions. The highest score of flavour (8.1) and texture (7.9) were found at 60 W in kms blanched condition in microwave power drying. Overall acceptability score was highest (7.92) in microwave power drying than tray drying (7.85) in kms blanched sample at 60 W power and 65°C temperature drying, respectively. Microwave power drying was found most suitable for kms blanched cauliflower slices at 60 W power level.
{"title":"Evaluation of sensory attributes of cauliflower slices under various pre-treatment and tray drying and microwave power drying condition","authors":"Vipin Kumar Verma, Devendra Kumar, Rupendra Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Devendra Singh","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Cauliflower is one of the most important winter vegetable crop of india. Dehydrated cauliflower can be used to enhance the taste and nutritional value of various product such as vegetable soup, canned and extruded products etc. Experimental study was conducted to evaluate cauliflower slices using tray drying and microwave power drying techniques. Pretreatment of cauliflower slices as unblanched, blanched and blanched with kms and dried at different temperature (45, 55 and 65°C ) and micro wave at different power level ( 20 W,40 W and 60 W ).The physio-chemical characteristics were evaluated just after preparation of cauliflower slices. Sensory characteristics (colour, flavour, taste, texture and overall acceptability) were evaluated for pre treated cauliflower slices which dehydrated in tray dryer at 45, 55 and 65°C temperature and in microwave power dryer at 20, 40 and 60 W power. Sensory evolution was done using hedonic rating test method to measure the consumer acceptability. Results showed that highest score was obtained as 7.9 for colour at 65°c in KMS balanced condition where as highest score for taste was obtained as 7.9 at 65°C in balanced condition in tray dryer. The maximum value of flavour (8.0) was obtained at 65°C in blanched condition where as highest value of texture (7.9) at 65°C in blanched condition in tray dryer in microwave dryer, the highest values of colour (7.9) was obtained at 60W in kms blanched condition where as highest value of taste (7.9) at 60 W in unblanched conditions. The highest score of flavour (8.1) and texture (7.9) were found at 60 W in kms blanched condition in microwave power drying. Overall acceptability score was highest (7.92) in microwave power drying than tray drying (7.85) in kms blanched sample at 60 W power and 65°C temperature drying, respectively. Microwave power drying was found most suitable for kms blanched cauliflower slices at 60 W power level.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/40-44
S. Patel, V. Garg, S. Balpande
Evaluation of six insecticides viz., Azadiractin1% (1000ppm) Neem oil, Baeuveria bassiana 1% WP, Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki 5% WP, Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP, Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP and Ha NPV 250 LE were evaluated against Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) larvae. The Gram Pod Borer (GPB) larval population was counted on 5 randomly selected plants at 24 hr. before spray and at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. The two-years experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Rehti Farm of school of Agriculture, Mhow, experimental field of Department of Entomology, BRAUSS, (MP). All the biopesticides significantly reduced the GPB larval population. The Pooled GPB population varied from 2.30 to 2. 50 larvae/plant during Rabi season one day prior tothe first spray. The population was significantly lower with Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki 5% WP, followed by Ha NPV 250 LE, Baeuveria bassiana 1% WP, Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP and Azadiractina 1% (1000ppm) Neem oil, these five biopesticides are showing best management effects on the GPB larvae and pod damaging per cent and remain, and least effective treatment was Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP. The maximum reduction of larval population and pod damaging per cent. In Rabi season, the highest chickpea grain yield was obtained with Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki at 5% WP.
{"title":"Evaluation the efficacy of bio pesticides against gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"S. Patel, V. Garg, S. Balpande","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/40-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/40-44","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of six insecticides viz., Azadiractin1% (1000ppm) Neem oil, Baeuveria bassiana 1% WP, Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki 5% WP, Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP, Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP and Ha NPV 250 LE were evaluated against Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) larvae. The Gram Pod Borer (GPB) larval population was counted on 5 randomly selected plants at 24 hr. before spray and at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. The two-years experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Rehti Farm of school of Agriculture, Mhow, experimental field of Department of Entomology, BRAUSS, (MP). All the biopesticides significantly reduced the GPB larval population. The Pooled GPB population varied from 2.30 to 2. 50 larvae/plant during Rabi season one day prior tothe first spray. The population was significantly lower with Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki 5% WP, followed by Ha NPV 250 LE, Baeuveria bassiana 1% WP, Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP and Azadiractina 1% (1000ppm) Neem oil, these five biopesticides are showing best management effects on the GPB larvae and pod damaging per cent and remain, and least effective treatment was Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP. The maximum reduction of larval population and pod damaging per cent. In Rabi season, the highest chickpea grain yield was obtained with Bacillus thuriengiensis var kurstaki at 5% WP.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90815963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/21-24
S. Neelaveni, P. Venkatarao, Chaaminy Balakrishna, B. Mounika, D. Naidu
Effective communication strategy is need of the hour to enable research results to reach the farmers fields without much time lag. Hence, it is obvious to use modern ways of communication besides traditional methods of communication. KVK, Amadalavalasa has started sending mobile based SMS through WAY 2 SMS to the KVK registered farmers to transfer of agricultural technology since June 2010. Here study was conducted with the objective of studying the effectiveness of mobile based SMS in transfer of agricultural technology. Efforts should be made to disseminate complete and precise information on all aspects of crop and related information for harnessing the possibilities of utilizing the information, The mobile service authorities need to take extra care to streamline the system so as to prepare relevant content for maximum utility by the end users. Hence more concentration should be given on demand and need of the farmer rather than the technology. Leaders are needed for the long haul as interventions that require new infrastructure or policy and institutional reforms take years to complete. Real time agro advisory is need of the hour to cover more number of farmers. Voice messages may be preferable than text messages for covering illiterate farmers. KVKs and other extension functionaries can make new platforms to reach the unreach through mobile advisory.
{"title":"Effectiveness of mobile based SMS in transfer of agricultural technology","authors":"S. Neelaveni, P. Venkatarao, Chaaminy Balakrishna, B. Mounika, D. Naidu","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/21-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/21-24","url":null,"abstract":"Effective communication strategy is need of the hour to enable research results to reach the farmers fields without much time lag. Hence, it is obvious to use modern ways of communication besides traditional methods of communication. KVK, Amadalavalasa has started sending mobile based SMS through WAY 2 SMS to the KVK registered farmers to transfer of agricultural technology since June 2010. Here study was conducted with the objective of studying the effectiveness of mobile based SMS in transfer of agricultural technology. Efforts should be made to disseminate complete and precise information on all aspects of crop and related information for harnessing the possibilities of utilizing the information, The mobile service authorities need to take extra care to streamline the system so as to prepare relevant content for maximum utility by the end users. Hence more concentration should be given on demand and need of the farmer rather than the technology. Leaders are needed for the long haul as interventions that require new infrastructure or policy and institutional reforms take years to complete. Real time agro advisory is need of the hour to cover more number of farmers. Voice messages may be preferable than text messages for covering illiterate farmers. KVKs and other extension functionaries can make new platforms to reach the unreach through mobile advisory.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73644389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/25-33
S. Borgaonkar, J. E. Jahagirdar, D. Patil, H. Kalpande
The present investigation on “Studies on heterosis for yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)” was conducted during Kharif-2020, at Department of Agriculture Botany, Vasantrao Naik Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, National Agricultural Research Project, Aurangabad and College of Agriculture, Golegaon. The experimental material included in the present study comprised of five females (lines) and twelve restorers (testers) and sixty crosses. The experimental material was evaluated for twelve characters viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, earhead length (cm), earhead girth(cm), number of nodes per plant, plant height(cm), total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), grain yield per plant (g) and grain yield per hectare (kg). The hybrids 02888A x 15006R, 02333A x 15006R, 00444A x 15351R, 99111A x 15020R and 99111A x 15713R exhibited high mean values for grain yield per plant and highly significant specific combining ability effects and wider adaptation across the environments. These hybrids could be utilized to exploit heterosis for grain yield. The hybrids 00444A x 15351R, 99111A x 15020R, 00111A x 15713R and 02888A x 15392R were found early for days to maturity. The hybrids 02888A x 15006R, 00444A x 15351R and 02333A x 15351R were found to contain high Fe content, whereas 99111A x 15020R, 02333A x 15351R and 02333A x 15020R had high Zn content.
{"title":"Genetic studies in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)","authors":"S. Borgaonkar, J. E. Jahagirdar, D. Patil, H. Kalpande","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/25-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.1/25-33","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation on “Studies on heterosis for yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)” was conducted during Kharif-2020, at Department of Agriculture Botany, Vasantrao Naik Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, National Agricultural Research Project, Aurangabad and College of Agriculture, Golegaon. The experimental material included in the present study comprised of five females (lines) and twelve restorers (testers) and sixty crosses. The experimental material was evaluated for twelve characters viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, earhead length (cm), earhead girth(cm), number of nodes per plant, plant height(cm), total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), grain yield per plant (g) and grain yield per hectare (kg). The hybrids 02888A x 15006R, 02333A x 15006R, 00444A x 15351R, 99111A x 15020R and 99111A x 15713R exhibited high mean values for grain yield per plant and highly significant specific combining ability effects and wider adaptation across the environments. These hybrids could be utilized to exploit heterosis for grain yield. The hybrids 00444A x 15351R, 99111A x 15020R, 00111A x 15713R and 02888A x 15392R were found early for days to maturity. The hybrids 02888A x 15006R, 00444A x 15351R and 02333A x 15351R were found to contain high Fe content, whereas 99111A x 15020R, 02333A x 15351R and 02333A x 15020R had high Zn content.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"85 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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