Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2010.13.1.1
Jongyoun Yi, E. Kim
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a typical pathogen of nosocomial infection, and has recently emerged as an important community-acquired pathogen. MRSA is notorious as a multidrugresistant organism. Its resistance to all β-lactams is mediated by PBP2a which is encoded by mecA, and it is also resistant to many antimicrobials of other classes due to frequently co-carrying resistance genes, which accounts for becoming a clinical and laboratory issue. This article reviews the microbiological characteristics, surveillance methods, and molecular epidemiology of MRSA. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2010;13:1-6)
{"title":"Microbiological Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Jongyoun Yi, E. Kim","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2010.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2010.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a typical pathogen of nosocomial infection, and has recently emerged as an important community-acquired pathogen. MRSA is notorious as a multidrugresistant organism. Its resistance to all β-lactams is mediated by PBP2a which is encoded by mecA, and it is also resistant to many antimicrobials of other classes due to frequently co-carrying resistance genes, which accounts for becoming a clinical and laboratory issue. This article reviews the microbiological characteristics, surveillance methods, and molecular epidemiology of MRSA. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2010;13:1-6)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121943759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.174
Y. Uh, S. Choi, I. Jang, K. S. Lee, H. Cho, O. Kwon, K. Yoon
GBS in the different culture media was S-THB (96.3%), NGM-B (92.6%), NGM-H (88.9%), and NGM-T (85.2%). The distribution of GBS serotypes was as follows: III (29.6%), V and VI (22.2%), Ib and II (11.1%), and Ia (3.7%). 33.3% of GBS isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 44.4% to clindamycin. Among the nine erythromycin-resistant isolates, eight were serotype V and VI, which are erm(B) positive serotypes. Conclusion: The colonization of pregnant women by GBS, and the incidence of resistance of the GBS isolates to erythromycin and clindamycin were higher than those previously reported. Serotypes V and VI, GBS serotypes that carry the erm(B), are novel serotypes that have not previously been identified in pregnant Korean women. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:174-179)
{"title":"Colonization Rate, Serotypes, and Distributions of Macrolide-Lincosamide-StreptograminB Resistant Types of Group B Streptococci in Pregnant Women","authors":"Y. Uh, S. Choi, I. Jang, K. S. Lee, H. Cho, O. Kwon, K. Yoon","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.174","url":null,"abstract":"GBS in the different culture media was S-THB (96.3%), NGM-B (92.6%), NGM-H (88.9%), and NGM-T (85.2%). The distribution of GBS serotypes was as follows: III (29.6%), V and VI (22.2%), Ib and II (11.1%), and Ia (3.7%). 33.3% of GBS isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 44.4% to clindamycin. Among the nine erythromycin-resistant isolates, eight were serotype V and VI, which are erm(B) positive serotypes. Conclusion: The colonization of pregnant women by GBS, and the incidence of resistance of the GBS isolates to erythromycin and clindamycin were higher than those previously reported. Serotypes V and VI, GBS serotypes that carry the erm(B), are novel serotypes that have not previously been identified in pregnant Korean women. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:174-179)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"58 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125927832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.186
Se-Mi Jeon, Junyoung Kim, Harim Lee, Min-Jung Son, Mi-Sun Park, B. Lee, Seong-Han Kim
Background: The incidence of infectious diarrheal disease in Korea has decreased over the past decade, but traveler's diarrhea (TD) is increasing in frequency. We therefore investigated the distribution of the causative agents of TD. Methods: A total of 132 rectal swab specimens were acquired from TD patients who entered the country via Gimhae International Airport. The specimens were screened for 12 bacterial pathogens by real-time PCR, and target pathogens were isolated from the PCR positive specimens using conventional microbiological isolation methods. Results: A total of 93 specimens (70.5%) showed positive PCR screening results, and of these specimens, nine species and 50 isolates (37.9%), including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18 isolates) and ETEC (17 isolates), were isolated. No specimens were PCR positive for Listeria monocytogenes or Campylobacter jejuni, and no pathogenic Bacillus cereus were isolated. Conclusion: Even though viruses and EAEC were not included as target pathogens, the high isolation rate of these pathogens in this study provides indirect evidence that most cases of pathogen-negative TD are caused by undetected bacterial agents. Furthermore, our study results confirm the effectiveness of real-time PCR-based screening methods. This study is the first report in Korea to demonstrate that ETEC and V. parahaemolyticus are the major causative pathogens of TD, and this knowledge can be used to help treat and prevent TD. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:186-192)
{"title":"Detection of the Causative Agents of Traveler's Diarrhea Using a Real-Time PCR Screening Method","authors":"Se-Mi Jeon, Junyoung Kim, Harim Lee, Min-Jung Son, Mi-Sun Park, B. Lee, Seong-Han Kim","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of infectious diarrheal disease in Korea has decreased over the past decade, but traveler's diarrhea (TD) is increasing in frequency. We therefore investigated the distribution of the causative agents of TD. Methods: A total of 132 rectal swab specimens were acquired from TD patients who entered the country via Gimhae International Airport. The specimens were screened for 12 bacterial pathogens by real-time PCR, and target pathogens were isolated from the PCR positive specimens using conventional microbiological isolation methods. Results: A total of 93 specimens (70.5%) showed positive PCR screening results, and of these specimens, nine species and 50 isolates (37.9%), including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18 isolates) and ETEC (17 isolates), were isolated. No specimens were PCR positive for Listeria monocytogenes or Campylobacter jejuni, and no pathogenic Bacillus cereus were isolated. Conclusion: Even though viruses and EAEC were not included as target pathogens, the high isolation rate of these pathogens in this study provides indirect evidence that most cases of pathogen-negative TD are caused by undetected bacterial agents. Furthermore, our study results confirm the effectiveness of real-time PCR-based screening methods. This study is the first report in Korea to demonstrate that ETEC and V. parahaemolyticus are the major causative pathogens of TD, and this knowledge can be used to help treat and prevent TD. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:186-192)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126024093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.154
Jong‐Hee Shin
During the past two decades, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) antifungal susceptibility testing methods for both yeasts and molds have been developed and established in response to increasing invasive fungal infections and the release of multiple new antifungal agents. In addition, other methods including Etest, the disk diffusion test, and some CLSI modification methods have been intensively studied. Antifungal susceptibility tests are now routinely used for local epidemiological surveys to determine the susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of fungi, the degree of antifungal activity of newly developed antifungal agents, and to predict the clinical outcomes of antifungal therapy for patients with Candida infections. It is anticipated that in the near future, antifungal susceptibility tests that can detect amphotericin B resistance, that can be used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints of molds, and that can provide increased clinical guidance for antifungal therapy, will be developed. This review focuses on the various methods used for antifungal susceptibility testing and the clinical utility of antifungal susceptibility testing. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:154-158)
{"title":"Current Status of Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Methods and Clinical Application","authors":"Jong‐Hee Shin","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.154","url":null,"abstract":"During the past two decades, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) antifungal susceptibility testing methods for both yeasts and molds have been developed and established in response to increasing invasive fungal infections and the release of multiple new antifungal agents. In addition, other methods including Etest, the disk diffusion test, and some CLSI modification methods have been intensively studied. Antifungal susceptibility tests are now routinely used for local epidemiological surveys to determine the susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of fungi, the degree of antifungal activity of newly developed antifungal agents, and to predict the clinical outcomes of antifungal therapy for patients with Candida infections. It is anticipated that in the near future, antifungal susceptibility tests that can detect amphotericin B resistance, that can be used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints of molds, and that can provide increased clinical guidance for antifungal therapy, will be developed. This review focuses on the various methods used for antifungal susceptibility testing and the clinical utility of antifungal susceptibility testing. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:154-158)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124243220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.169
Min Jung Kim, D. Kang, Jae Im Park, T. Choi
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in both nosocomial and community settings, and screening for a carrier is an important infection control practice in many hospitals. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the ChromID MRSA assay (bioMerieux, Marcy I’Etoile, France). Methods: A total of 190 clinical samples were collected from the anterior nares of premature infants in a newborn intensive care unit (N-ICU). Equal volumes (100μL) of the samples were inoculated on mannitol salt agar with oxacillin 6 mg/L (MSAO) and ChromID MRSA after emulsifying the screening swab in brain-heart Infusion broth with oxacillin 6 mg/L (BE). The specimens in BE were subcultured on ChromID MRSA after an overnight incubation. Results: Twenty-one of 190 samples (11%) was positive for MRSA by BE. After a 24 h incubation, the sensitivity/specificity of MSAO was 52%/98% and that of ChromID MRSA was 62%/100%, and at 48 h, the sensitivity/specificity of MSAO was 62%/92% and that of ChromID MRSA was 81%/99%. Conclusion: ChromID MRSA is a useful selective medium for the rapid isolation and identification of MRSA. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:169-173)
{"title":"Evaluation of ChromID MRSA for the Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Min Jung Kim, D. Kang, Jae Im Park, T. Choi","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.169","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in both nosocomial and community settings, and screening for a carrier is an important infection control practice in many hospitals. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the ChromID MRSA assay (bioMerieux, Marcy I’Etoile, France). Methods: A total of 190 clinical samples were collected from the anterior nares of premature infants in a newborn intensive care unit (N-ICU). Equal volumes (100μL) of the samples were inoculated on mannitol salt agar with oxacillin 6 mg/L (MSAO) and ChromID MRSA after emulsifying the screening swab in brain-heart Infusion broth with oxacillin 6 mg/L (BE). The specimens in BE were subcultured on ChromID MRSA after an overnight incubation. Results: Twenty-one of 190 samples (11%) was positive for MRSA by BE. After a 24 h incubation, the sensitivity/specificity of MSAO was 52%/98% and that of ChromID MRSA was 62%/100%, and at 48 h, the sensitivity/specificity of MSAO was 62%/92% and that of ChromID MRSA was 81%/99%. Conclusion: ChromID MRSA is a useful selective medium for the rapid isolation and identification of MRSA. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:169-173)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131318129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.163
S. Y. Kim, Gayoung Lim, Min Jin Kim, J. Suh, Hee-Joo Lee
Background: Blood culture is the definitive method for the diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and fungemia. Analysis of blood cultures positive for pathogenic species and trends in antimicrobial susceptibility can help delineate appropriate and experimental treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the incidence of pathogenic species and trends in antimicrobial susceptibility in blood cultures collected from 2003 to 2007 to help clinicians to determine the best methods of diagnosis and treatment. Changes between previously published analyses and this study were also investigated. Methods: Five-year blood culture results obtained at Kyung Hee University Hospital between 2003 and 2007 were analyzed to determine the bacterial and fungal species present and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method and the CLSI disk diffusion method. Results: Among the 66,437 blood cultures, 5,645 were positive. Of the positive blood cultures, 59.8% were positive for aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were frequently isolated. The numbers of anaerobic species and fungi decreased over the years. Conclusion: CoNS were the microorganisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures at Kyung Hee University Hospital. The number of cultures positive for fungi was higher than that reported in previous studies, but the absolute isolation rate over five years decreased. Anaerobic species were much less frequently isolated than reported for other hospitals. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:163-168)
{"title":"Trends in Five-year Blood Cultures of Patients at a University Hospital (2003∼2007)","authors":"S. Y. Kim, Gayoung Lim, Min Jin Kim, J. Suh, Hee-Joo Lee","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood culture is the definitive method for the diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and fungemia. Analysis of blood cultures positive for pathogenic species and trends in antimicrobial susceptibility can help delineate appropriate and experimental treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the incidence of pathogenic species and trends in antimicrobial susceptibility in blood cultures collected from 2003 to 2007 to help clinicians to determine the best methods of diagnosis and treatment. Changes between previously published analyses and this study were also investigated. Methods: Five-year blood culture results obtained at Kyung Hee University Hospital between 2003 and 2007 were analyzed to determine the bacterial and fungal species present and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method and the CLSI disk diffusion method. Results: Among the 66,437 blood cultures, 5,645 were positive. Of the positive blood cultures, 59.8% were positive for aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were frequently isolated. The numbers of anaerobic species and fungi decreased over the years. Conclusion: CoNS were the microorganisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures at Kyung Hee University Hospital. The number of cultures positive for fungi was higher than that reported in previous studies, but the absolute isolation rate over five years decreased. Anaerobic species were much less frequently isolated than reported for other hospitals. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:163-168)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129311215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.159
Eun-Ha Koh, Sunjoo Kim, In‐Suk Kim, Kook-Young Maeng, S. Lee
Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and premature membrane rupture. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates and antimicrobial susceptibilities of genital mycoplasma in a sample of pregnant women from Jinju, Korea. Methods: Vaginal swabs were obtained from 258 pregnant women between 2004 and 2008 and tested for the presence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of U. urealyticum and M. hominis were determined with a commercially available kit, the Mycoplasma IST2 Kit (bioMe rieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France), and evaluated according to standards set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: U. urealyticum only was detected in 105 specimens (38.6%), while M. hominis only was detected only in 2 specimens (1.8%). Seven specimens (6.7%) were positive both for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Susceptibilities of U. urealyticum to azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and doxycycline were 75.2%, 82.9%, 88.6%, and 88.6%, respectively, while almost all of the isolates were susceptible to josamycin (99.0%) and pristinamycin (100%). The susceptibility of U. urealyticum to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 56.2% and 15.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of isolation of genital mycoplasma in pregnant women was 44.2% in Jinju; most of the mycoplasma were U. urealyticum. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were highly resistant to quinolones, but susceptible to josamycin. Therefore, empirical treatment without prior identification and determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasma will fail in many cases. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:159-162)
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Pregnant Women","authors":"Eun-Ha Koh, Sunjoo Kim, In‐Suk Kim, Kook-Young Maeng, S. Lee","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and premature membrane rupture. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates and antimicrobial susceptibilities of genital mycoplasma in a sample of pregnant women from Jinju, Korea. Methods: Vaginal swabs were obtained from 258 pregnant women between 2004 and 2008 and tested for the presence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of U. urealyticum and M. hominis were determined with a commercially available kit, the Mycoplasma IST2 Kit (bioMe rieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France), and evaluated according to standards set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: U. urealyticum only was detected in 105 specimens (38.6%), while M. hominis only was detected only in 2 specimens (1.8%). Seven specimens (6.7%) were positive both for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Susceptibilities of U. urealyticum to azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and doxycycline were 75.2%, 82.9%, 88.6%, and 88.6%, respectively, while almost all of the isolates were susceptible to josamycin (99.0%) and pristinamycin (100%). The susceptibility of U. urealyticum to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 56.2% and 15.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of isolation of genital mycoplasma in pregnant women was 44.2% in Jinju; most of the mycoplasma were U. urealyticum. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were highly resistant to quinolones, but susceptible to josamycin. Therefore, empirical treatment without prior identification and determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasma will fail in many cases. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:159-162)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.180
Sun Hwa Lee, Kyoung Un Park, H. Lee, Miyoung Kim, Jin Yong Kim, Won Kyoung Kwon, L. S. Park
Background: Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) is a major cause of severe infections in neonates, including bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis, and is generally vertically transmitted from a colonized, pregnant woman to her infant. Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat GBS infections, because GBS strains are uniformly susceptible to penicillin. Recently, however, penicillin resistant GBS strains have been reported and the rates of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance have increased. We evaluated the perineal colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS strains isolated from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: The antibiotic susceptibilities of a total of 180 GBS strains isolated from two university hospitals and one reference laboratory between May 2008 and January 2009 were determined using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The presence of erythromycin resistance genes was confirmed by PCR. Results: The average colonization rate of pregnant women was 5.5%. The overall colonization rates of pregnant and non-pregnant women ranged between 5.5% and 7.5%. All 180 GBS strains were susceptible to penicillin. Fifty strains (27.8%) were resistant to erythromycin, whereas 78 (41.1%) were resistant to clindamycin. The ermB gene was identified in 40 isolates and 44 isolates had constitutive macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an increased GBS colonization rate and an increase in macrolide resistance in GBS strains in recent years, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and continual monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:180-185)
{"title":"Perineal Colonization Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Korean Women","authors":"Sun Hwa Lee, Kyoung Un Park, H. Lee, Miyoung Kim, Jin Yong Kim, Won Kyoung Kwon, L. S. Park","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) is a major cause of severe infections in neonates, including bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis, and is generally vertically transmitted from a colonized, pregnant woman to her infant. Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat GBS infections, because GBS strains are uniformly susceptible to penicillin. Recently, however, penicillin resistant GBS strains have been reported and the rates of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance have increased. We evaluated the perineal colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS strains isolated from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: The antibiotic susceptibilities of a total of 180 GBS strains isolated from two university hospitals and one reference laboratory between May 2008 and January 2009 were determined using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The presence of erythromycin resistance genes was confirmed by PCR. Results: The average colonization rate of pregnant women was 5.5%. The overall colonization rates of pregnant and non-pregnant women ranged between 5.5% and 7.5%. All 180 GBS strains were susceptible to penicillin. Fifty strains (27.8%) were resistant to erythromycin, whereas 78 (41.1%) were resistant to clindamycin. The ermB gene was identified in 40 isolates and 44 isolates had constitutive macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an increased GBS colonization rate and an increase in macrolide resistance in GBS strains in recent years, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and continual monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:180-185)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124916307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.147
Chang-Ki Kim, Chulhun L. Chang
Clinical microbiology laboratories play a critical role in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and monitoring its treatment. Poor quality laboratory services remain a major barrier to diagnosis by microscopy and culture, and may complicate the interpretation of drug susceptibility testing (DST) results. External quality assessment (EQA) for microscopy is an important component of quality assurance, and includes panel testing, slide rechecking, and on-site supervision. Periodic panel testing is the simplest way to assess the performance of laboratories. Rechecking of a sample of routine smears by a higher-level laboratory is the method of choice for evaluation and continuous motivation of peripheral laboratories. On-site supervision allows the observation of workers’ performance under actual conditions, including equipment handling, laboratory safety, adequacy of supplies, and the processes used for smearing, staining, reading, recording, and reporting. Culture performance is not easily measured, and existing EQA programs are not sensitive enough to estimate the sensitivity of the process. Therefore, laboratory regulations and accreditation programs are critical to assure the quality of cultures. The Supranational Reference Laboratory Network (SRLN) was organized in 1994 to ensure optimal performance of laboratories conducting DST. A panel of 30 pretested and coded isolates is exchanged annually within the network for proficiency testing. It has been demonstrated that education and an EQA program can improve the proficiency of TB laboratories. However, quality programs in Korea are still weak. Expanded and strengthened laboratory quality improvement systems are necessary to achieve TB control in this country. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009; 12:147-153)
{"title":"Quality Assurance of Laboratory Tests for Tuberculosis","authors":"Chang-Ki Kim, Chulhun L. Chang","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.147","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical microbiology laboratories play a critical role in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and monitoring its treatment. Poor quality laboratory services remain a major barrier to diagnosis by microscopy and culture, and may complicate the interpretation of drug susceptibility testing (DST) results. External quality assessment (EQA) for microscopy is an important component of quality assurance, and includes panel testing, slide rechecking, and on-site supervision. Periodic panel testing is the simplest way to assess the performance of laboratories. Rechecking of a sample of routine smears by a higher-level laboratory is the method of choice for evaluation and continuous motivation of peripheral laboratories. On-site supervision allows the observation of workers’ performance under actual conditions, including equipment handling, laboratory safety, adequacy of supplies, and the processes used for smearing, staining, reading, recording, and reporting. Culture performance is not easily measured, and existing EQA programs are not sensitive enough to estimate the sensitivity of the process. Therefore, laboratory regulations and accreditation programs are critical to assure the quality of cultures. The Supranational Reference Laboratory Network (SRLN) was organized in 1994 to ensure optimal performance of laboratories conducting DST. A panel of 30 pretested and coded isolates is exchanged annually within the network for proficiency testing. It has been demonstrated that education and an EQA program can improve the proficiency of TB laboratories. However, quality programs in Korea are still weak. Expanded and strengthened laboratory quality improvement systems are necessary to achieve TB control in this country. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009; 12:147-153)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124934549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.193
Y. Uh, I. Jang, K. S. Lee, O. Kwon, K. Yoon
Background: To access the clinical usefulness of MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels (Siemens, USA) for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive cocci (GPC), we compared MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels with MicroScanR conventional Combo Panels. Methods: One-hundred four isolates of GNB were simultaneously tested with MicroScanR Synergies plus Neg Combo Type 2 Panel (SINC2) and MicroScanR Neg Combo Panel Type 44 (NC44). One-hundred isolates of GPC were simultaneously tested with MicroScanR Synergies plus Pos Combo 3 Panel (SIPC3) and MicroScanR Pos Combo 1A (PC1A). Results: Of the GNB isolates, agreement rate of identification between SINC2 and NC44 were 92.3% to the species level and 93.3% to the genus level. Of the GPC isolates, agreement rate of identification between SIPC3 and PC1A were 85.0% to the species level and 100% to the genus level. Of the GNB isolates, agreement rate of AST according to antimicrobial agents between SINC2 and NC44 ranged from 86.5% to 100%. Among GPC isolates, agreement rate of AST according to antimicrobial agents between SIPC3 and PC1A were higher than 96.0% with the exception of gentamicin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Conclusion: Compared with MicroScanR conventional Combo Panels (NC44, PC1A), MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels (SINC2, SIPC3) showed high agreement rate of identification and AST, and had the advantage of more rapid reporting. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:193-200)
{"title":"Comparison of the MicroScan® Combo Panel Synergies plus with the MicroScan® Conventional Combo Panel for Diagnostic Performance of Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria","authors":"Y. Uh, I. Jang, K. S. Lee, O. Kwon, K. Yoon","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2009.12.4.193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To access the clinical usefulness of MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels (Siemens, USA) for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive cocci (GPC), we compared MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels with MicroScanR conventional Combo Panels. Methods: One-hundred four isolates of GNB were simultaneously tested with MicroScanR Synergies plus Neg Combo Type 2 Panel (SINC2) and MicroScanR Neg Combo Panel Type 44 (NC44). One-hundred isolates of GPC were simultaneously tested with MicroScanR Synergies plus Pos Combo 3 Panel (SIPC3) and MicroScanR Pos Combo 1A (PC1A). Results: Of the GNB isolates, agreement rate of identification between SINC2 and NC44 were 92.3% to the species level and 93.3% to the genus level. Of the GPC isolates, agreement rate of identification between SIPC3 and PC1A were 85.0% to the species level and 100% to the genus level. Of the GNB isolates, agreement rate of AST according to antimicrobial agents between SINC2 and NC44 ranged from 86.5% to 100%. Among GPC isolates, agreement rate of AST according to antimicrobial agents between SIPC3 and PC1A were higher than 96.0% with the exception of gentamicin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Conclusion: Compared with MicroScanR conventional Combo Panels (NC44, PC1A), MicroScanR Synergies plus Combo Panels (SINC2, SIPC3) showed high agreement rate of identification and AST, and had the advantage of more rapid reporting. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2009;12:193-200)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121576608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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