Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.79
Young Sook Kim, S. Jang
The three components of taxonomy are classification, nomenclature and identification. Traditionally, bacterial classification and identification were performed based on the morphology and the biochemical data of the bacteria. In newer theories, or so-called natural concepts, the relationships between bacteria are based on the overall similarities of both the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The polyphasic taxonomy, or current taxonomy, describes the integration of all of the available genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic information into a consensus type of general-purpose classification. When routine identification methods that are based on the biochemical tests fail, alternative procedures such as complete 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis are required. Although the results of 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis have not been fully discriminatory to differentiate closely related species, they may guide the additional analyses that are required for species identification. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:79-87)
{"title":"Basic Concepts of Bacterial Taxonomy","authors":"Young Sook Kim, S. Jang","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.79","url":null,"abstract":"The three components of taxonomy are classification, nomenclature and identification. Traditionally, bacterial classification and identification were performed based on the morphology and the biochemical data of the bacteria. In newer theories, or so-called natural concepts, the relationships between bacteria are based on the overall similarities of both the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The polyphasic taxonomy, or current taxonomy, describes the integration of all of the available genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic information into a consensus type of general-purpose classification. When routine identification methods that are based on the biochemical tests fail, alternative procedures such as complete 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis are required. Although the results of 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis have not been fully discriminatory to differentiate closely related species, they may guide the additional analyses that are required for species identification. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:79-87)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129746093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.114
Kyung Sun Park, C. Ki, N. Lee
Blastomycosis, endemic in North America, has been hardly reported in Korea. We describe laboratory experience in phenotypic and molecular identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis first isolated in Korea. The patient was a 45-year-old male with pulmonary blastomycosis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis was based on culture and dimorphism combined with DNA target sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and D1/D2 regions. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:114-116)
{"title":"Laboratory Experience in Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis First Isolated in Korea","authors":"Kyung Sun Park, C. Ki, N. Lee","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.114","url":null,"abstract":"Blastomycosis, endemic in North America, has been hardly reported in Korea. We describe laboratory experience in phenotypic and molecular identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis first isolated in Korea. The patient was a 45-year-old male with pulmonary blastomycosis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis was based on culture and dimorphism combined with DNA target sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and D1/D2 regions. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:114-116)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120984738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.98
Minkyung Lee, Y. Seo, J. Jeong, P. Park, Kyung-Hee Kim, J. Ahn, Jin Yong Kim, Jeong Woong Park
Background: The isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide as well as its clinical importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and clinical significance of NTM that has been isolated from respiratory specimens during a recent two-year period at a tertiary hospital. Methods: We analyzed respiratory samples that were obtained between January 2009 and December 2010 for AFB culture. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of these patients to obtain both clinical and radiologic information. NTM pulmonary disease was defined by using the guidelines provided by the America Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Results: Among the 1,601 specimens that resulted in a positive AFB culture, 310 (19.4%) were NTM. In 189 patients, the most common isolate was M. aviumintracellulare complex (MAC) (127, 67.2%), which was then followed by M. abscessus (31, 16.4%), M. fortuitum (10, 5.3%), M. kansasii (9, 4.8%), and other NTM species. Of these, 93 (49.2%) patients were diagnosed with NTM pulmonary disease. MAC, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii were more virulent than the other species. None of the cases of NTM pulmonary disease were caused by M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. peregrinum, M. terrae complex, or M. gordonae. Conclusion: In Korea, the prevalence of NTM isolates is increasing, as are the cases of pulmonary disease. The pathogenic potential of NTM differs enormously by species and as a result the treatment of NTM lung disease depends on which species has caused the infection. The isolation and identification of NTM isolated from respiratory specimens are mandatory in order for clinical microbiology laboratories to make an accurate diagnosis and suggest the proper treatment of the NTM disease. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:98-103)
{"title":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Respiratory Specimens during Recent Two Years: Distribution and Clinical Significance","authors":"Minkyung Lee, Y. Seo, J. Jeong, P. Park, Kyung-Hee Kim, J. Ahn, Jin Yong Kim, Jeong Woong Park","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.98","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide as well as its clinical importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and clinical significance of NTM that has been isolated from respiratory specimens during a recent two-year period at a tertiary hospital. Methods: We analyzed respiratory samples that were obtained between January 2009 and December 2010 for AFB culture. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of these patients to obtain both clinical and radiologic information. NTM pulmonary disease was defined by using the guidelines provided by the America Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Results: Among the 1,601 specimens that resulted in a positive AFB culture, 310 (19.4%) were NTM. In 189 patients, the most common isolate was M. aviumintracellulare complex (MAC) (127, 67.2%), which was then followed by M. abscessus (31, 16.4%), M. fortuitum (10, 5.3%), M. kansasii (9, 4.8%), and other NTM species. Of these, 93 (49.2%) patients were diagnosed with NTM pulmonary disease. MAC, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii were more virulent than the other species. None of the cases of NTM pulmonary disease were caused by M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. peregrinum, M. terrae complex, or M. gordonae. Conclusion: In Korea, the prevalence of NTM isolates is increasing, as are the cases of pulmonary disease. The pathogenic potential of NTM differs enormously by species and as a result the treatment of NTM lung disease depends on which species has caused the infection. The isolation and identification of NTM isolated from respiratory specimens are mandatory in order for clinical microbiology laboratories to make an accurate diagnosis and suggest the proper treatment of the NTM disease. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:98-103)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.92
Kyoung-Jin Park, Kyung Sun Park, N. Lee
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Korea. In addition, the results of culture-confirmed (CC) EPTB were compared with those of clinically-diagnosed (CD) EPTB. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed non-duplicate data of tuberculosis from the Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2010. A total of 6,249 and 38,726 cases of tuberculosis were CC and CD EPTB cases, respectively. The cases were categorized according to the type of specimen or by the clinicallyaffected sites. Results: The proportions of EPTB among all tuberculosis cases were 12% (745/6,249) and 22% (8,608/ 38,726) of the CC and CD cases, respectively. The distribution of both age and gender between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and EPTB cases were significantly different (P＜0.001). The most common types of EPTB were tuberculous lymphadenitis, pleural TB, and abdominal TB. Pleural involvement was more common in males, while lymph node involvement was observed more frequently in females in both the CC and CD cases (M/F ratio in regards to pleura were 1.63 and 2.08, while M/F ratio in regards to the lymph node were 0.46 and 0.54). Conclusion: The dataset of EPTB cases in Korea was first evaluated over a 16-year period and compared the cases of CC EPTB to those of CD EPTB. The epidemiologic characteristics of EPTB were different from that of PTB as well as the EPTB of other countries. The present study might provide useful information regarding the epidemiology of EPTB in Korea and other countries. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:92-97)
{"title":"Epidemiologic Characteristics of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Korea, 1995-2010: Microbiological Diagnosis versus Clinical Diagnosis","authors":"Kyoung-Jin Park, Kyung Sun Park, N. Lee","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.3.92","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Korea. In addition, the results of culture-confirmed (CC) EPTB were compared with those of clinically-diagnosed (CD) EPTB. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed non-duplicate data of tuberculosis from the Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2010. A total of 6,249 and 38,726 cases of tuberculosis were CC and CD EPTB cases, respectively. The cases were categorized according to the type of specimen or by the clinicallyaffected sites. Results: The proportions of EPTB among all tuberculosis cases were 12% (745/6,249) and 22% (8,608/ 38,726) of the CC and CD cases, respectively. The distribution of both age and gender between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and EPTB cases were significantly different (P＜0.001). The most common types of EPTB were tuberculous lymphadenitis, pleural TB, and abdominal TB. Pleural involvement was more common in males, while lymph node involvement was observed more frequently in females in both the CC and CD cases (M/F ratio in regards to pleura were 1.63 and 2.08, while M/F ratio in regards to the lymph node were 0.46 and 0.54). Conclusion: The dataset of EPTB cases in Korea was first evaluated over a 16-year period and compared the cases of CC EPTB to those of CD EPTB. The epidemiologic characteristics of EPTB were different from that of PTB as well as the EPTB of other countries. The present study might provide useful information regarding the epidemiology of EPTB in Korea and other countries. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:92-97)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.67
E. Kim, J. Shin, Sunjoo Kim, N. Lee, J. Cho, S. Koo, N. Ryoo, S. Joo
Number of Blood Cultures per 1,000 Patient Days at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea Eui Chong Kim, Jeong Hwan Shin, Sunjoo Kim, Nam Yong Lee, Ji-Hyun Cho, Sun Hoe Koo, Nam Hee Ryoo, Sae Ick Joo Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Wonkwang University Medical School, Iksan, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
{"title":"Number of Blood Cultures per 1,000 Patient Days at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea","authors":"E. Kim, J. Shin, Sunjoo Kim, N. Lee, J. Cho, S. Koo, N. Ryoo, S. Joo","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.67","url":null,"abstract":"Number of Blood Cultures per 1,000 Patient Days at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea Eui Chong Kim, Jeong Hwan Shin, Sunjoo Kim, Nam Yong Lee, Ji-Hyun Cho, Sun Hoe Koo, Nam Hee Ryoo, Sae Ick Joo Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Wonkwang University Medical School, Iksan, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125785198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.54
Hye-Jin Lee, C. Lee, M. Nam, K. Roh, Soo-Young Yoon, C. Lim, Yunjung Cho, Young Kee Kim, Kap-No Lee, Young M. Yoo
pes. The most common diagnosis among all PIV subtypes was pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract in- fections constituted the majority (76.3%) of PIV infections. The most common diagnosis of PIV type I and II was croup and that of PIV type III was pneumonia. A difference in seasonal variation be- tween subtypes was observed. PIV I (62.2%) was mainly isolated from July to September while PIV type III (86.8%) was isolated from April to July. Conclusion: Lower respiratory infection was most commonly found in hospitalized patients with PIV infection. Clinical features of PIV infection were sim- ilar those seen in Western PIV reports, with the ex- ception of the seasonal outbreak pattern. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:54-59)
{"title":"Epidemiologic Features of Parainfluenza Virus Type 1, 2 and 3 Infection in Seoul and a Neighboring Area, 2008-2011","authors":"Hye-Jin Lee, C. Lee, M. Nam, K. Roh, Soo-Young Yoon, C. Lim, Yunjung Cho, Young Kee Kim, Kap-No Lee, Young M. Yoo","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.54","url":null,"abstract":"pes. The most common diagnosis among all PIV subtypes was pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract in- fections constituted the majority (76.3%) of PIV infections. The most common diagnosis of PIV type I and II was croup and that of PIV type III was pneumonia. A difference in seasonal variation be- tween subtypes was observed. PIV I (62.2%) was mainly isolated from July to September while PIV type III (86.8%) was isolated from April to July. Conclusion: Lower respiratory infection was most commonly found in hospitalized patients with PIV infection. Clinical features of PIV infection were sim- ilar those seen in Western PIV reports, with the ex- ception of the seasonal outbreak pattern. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:54-59)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.60
Myungsook Kim, M. Kwon, Hae-Sun Chung, Yangsoon Lee, D. Yong, S. Jeong, Kyungwon Lee, Y. Chong
Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used for the identification of bacteria worldwide. To our knowledge, the evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of bacteria in Korea has not been studied. In this paper we compared the identification results of aerobic bacteria using MALDI-TOF MS to those results using conventional biochemical methods. Methods: We evaluated the performance of a MALDITOF MS system (Bruker Daltonics, Leipzig, Germany) on consecutive aerobic isolates collected from January to February of 2011 which were identified using conventional methods (biochemical testing and commercial identification kits). Either directly smearing onto the target plate or protein extraction methods were additionally used if no reliable or discordant results were obtained. Results: Among 523 isolates tested, 506 (97%) isolates had valid scores (≥2.0), 11 (2%) isolates gave intermediate scores (1.7≤ score <2.0), and 6 (1%) isolates yielded no reliable identification (score <1.7). Of the 506 valid results (score ≥2.0) by MALDI-TOF MS, the identification matched at the species level in 486 (96%) isloates, matched at the genus level in 17 (3%) isloates, and was discordant at the genus and species levels in 3 (1%) isloates. Conclusion: The overall matching rate at the species level of MALDI-TOF MS was very high. When MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable results by direct smear, additional direct smears or protein extraction methods could be used to obtain better results. Our results showed that MALDI-TOF MS is a very useful method for the identification of aerobic bacteria isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:60-66)
{"title":"Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Aerobic Bacteria in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory","authors":"Myungsook Kim, M. Kwon, Hae-Sun Chung, Yangsoon Lee, D. Yong, S. Jeong, Kyungwon Lee, Y. Chong","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used for the identification of bacteria worldwide. To our knowledge, the evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of bacteria in Korea has not been studied. In this paper we compared the identification results of aerobic bacteria using MALDI-TOF MS to those results using conventional biochemical methods. Methods: We evaluated the performance of a MALDITOF MS system (Bruker Daltonics, Leipzig, Germany) on consecutive aerobic isolates collected from January to February of 2011 which were identified using conventional methods (biochemical testing and commercial identification kits). Either directly smearing onto the target plate or protein extraction methods were additionally used if no reliable or discordant results were obtained. Results: Among 523 isolates tested, 506 (97%) isolates had valid scores (≥2.0), 11 (2%) isolates gave intermediate scores (1.7≤ score <2.0), and 6 (1%) isolates yielded no reliable identification (score <1.7). Of the 506 valid results (score ≥2.0) by MALDI-TOF MS, the identification matched at the species level in 486 (96%) isloates, matched at the genus level in 17 (3%) isloates, and was discordant at the genus and species levels in 3 (1%) isloates. Conclusion: The overall matching rate at the species level of MALDI-TOF MS was very high. When MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable results by direct smear, additional direct smears or protein extraction methods could be used to obtain better results. Our results showed that MALDI-TOF MS is a very useful method for the identification of aerobic bacteria isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:60-66)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131061622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.43
Y. Lee, H. Kim, J. Yoo, J. Yoo, Younghee Jung
The global emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacterial infections in communities and hospitals has become an important issue in public health. The resistance rate of gram-positive cocci to vancomycin and the resistance rate of several gram-negative bacilli against cefotaxime and carbapenem have been continuously increasing. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential for providing information on the magnitude of and trend in multidrug resistance. Therefore, beginning 2011, more robust and effective management is to be legally required for six multidrug-resistant bacteria that have been linked to healthcare-related infections: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE), methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobactericeae (CRE). We have also performed laboratory-based sentinel surveillance for VRSA/VISA since 2002 and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since November, 2010. This article reviews the national surveillance programs, and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:43-48)
{"title":"Sentinel Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistance Bacteria","authors":"Y. Lee, H. Kim, J. Yoo, J. Yoo, Younghee Jung","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.43","url":null,"abstract":"The global emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacterial infections in communities and hospitals has become an important issue in public health. The resistance rate of gram-positive cocci to vancomycin and the resistance rate of several gram-negative bacilli against cefotaxime and carbapenem have been continuously increasing. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential for providing information on the magnitude of and trend in multidrug resistance. Therefore, beginning 2011, more robust and effective management is to be legally required for six multidrug-resistant bacteria that have been linked to healthcare-related infections: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE), methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobactericeae (CRE). We have also performed laboratory-based sentinel surveillance for VRSA/VISA since 2002 and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since November, 2010. This article reviews the national surveillance programs, and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:43-48)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116335619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.70
Y. Ko, M. Hong, C. Park, H. Moon, M. Hur, Y. Yun
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a ubiquitous yeast-like fungus that has been a common opportunistic human pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although skin lesions due to C. neoformans are found in 10-15% of patients with systemic cryptococcosis, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis without systemic infection is rare and now considered a distinct clinical entity. We report a case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient with iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. A 73-year-old woman presented with pain and discharge from lesions on her left forearm. The patient had been treated with oral corticosteroids for 20 years, and as a result had developed iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. A skin fragment of the ulcer was cultured, and the encapsulated fungus were isolated and identified as C. neoformans using a Vitek2 system (Vitek2 ID-YST, bioMerieux, France) and API 20C (bioMerieux). Concurrent blood and urine cultures were negative for growth. At first, she was treated with antibiotics due to suspicion of cellulitis. After surgical resection and treatment with systemic and oral fluconazole, her wound was improved with scar. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis should be considered when skin lesions are not responsive to antibiotics and accurate identification is important for proper treatment. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:70-73)
{"title":"Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis in a Patient with Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Y. Ko, M. Hong, C. Park, H. Moon, M. Hur, Y. Yun","doi":"10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.70","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a ubiquitous yeast-like fungus that has been a common opportunistic human pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although skin lesions due to C. neoformans are found in 10-15% of patients with systemic cryptococcosis, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis without systemic infection is rare and now considered a distinct clinical entity. We report a case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient with iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. A 73-year-old woman presented with pain and discharge from lesions on her left forearm. The patient had been treated with oral corticosteroids for 20 years, and as a result had developed iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. A skin fragment of the ulcer was cultured, and the encapsulated fungus were isolated and identified as C. neoformans using a Vitek2 system (Vitek2 ID-YST, bioMerieux, France) and API 20C (bioMerieux). Concurrent blood and urine cultures were negative for growth. At first, she was treated with antibiotics due to suspicion of cellulitis. After surgical resection and treatment with systemic and oral fluconazole, her wound was improved with scar. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis should be considered when skin lesions are not responsive to antibiotics and accurate identification is important for proper treatment. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:70-73)","PeriodicalId":143093,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125218268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.5145/KJCM.2012.15.2.74
Woo Ri Jang, C. Nahm, Y. Moon, Young Je, D. Yong, Jin Ju Kim
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative anaerobic bacterium. A. succiniciproducens is a rare cause of bacteremia in human, especially immunocompromised patients. This organism may be mistakenly identified when using an automated bacterial identification system, and may be mistaken for Campylobacter spp. when using Gram staining. We report a case of bacteremia caused by A. succiniciproducens, which was negative for catalase, oxidase, and urease and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing (analysis revealed a 99% similarity), in a 69-year-old patient who was undergoing chemotherapy for treatment of a malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacteremia caused by A. succiniciproducens in Korea. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:74-77)
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