International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"EXPOSURE TO SECOND-HAND SMOKE (SHS) AND ATTITUDE, PERCEPTION, AND ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS SMOKE-FREE POLICY IN OPEN-AIR EATERIES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA - A PROTOCOL","authors":"K. Lim, C. Teh, H. L. Lim, C. Kee, J. H. Lim","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.5.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.5.154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Second-hand-smoke (SHS) contributed significantly to the health problem in Malaysia.,and it is significantly high in open air eateries. However, no study been carried out to determine the objective measurement of SHS exposure, and, Attitude, perception and acceptance among Malaysian adult on smoke free policy in Malaysia. Thus, the present study proposes to fill the gap of the related issue. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design will be used to measure nicotine vapour in selected open-air eateries and Survey of customers, workers and owners attitude, perception and their acceptance on smoke-Free policy in the open-air eatery premises. Nicotine vapour will be measured using NIOSH standard method 2551, whereas standard validated questionnaire will be used to measure attitude, perception and acceptance of premises owner, workers, and customers. Descriptive, Chi Square, independent T-Test and Multiple Linear regression will be used for data analysis using SPSS software. Expected Outcome: The findings from the present study are important to provide information on SHS exposure as well as the perception and acceptance of the customers, workers and owners of open-air eateries towards smoke-free policy in open-air eateries. Such information is particularly helpful in providing objective evidence to stakeholders and/or policy-makers on the formulation of suitable policies to address the problem of exposure to second-hand smoke among Malaysian population in public places since public acceptance and attitude are important pre-requisite elements in securing and enforcing effective smoke-free laws Keywords: Second-hand smoke, open-air eatery premises, attitude, perception, smoke-free policy","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BILATERAL NEURORETINITIS SECONDARY TO DUAL INFECTION OF BARTONELLA HENSELAE AND LEPTOSPIRA","authors":"Muhamad Ruzaini Abd Hamid, Azreen Anuar, W. Hitam","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.182","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bartonella henselae is the most common organism responsible for infective neuroretinitis. Conversely, ocular leptospirosis rarely manifests as neuroretinitis. There is no reported case of neuroretinitis caused by co-infection of both organisms to date. Case Report: A 33 year old lady presented with painless, progressive blurring of vision of both eyes for 2 weeks. Her ocular examination revealed reduced visual acuity to 6/36 with swollen optic disc and macular star exudates in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed subretinal fluid causing local neurosensory retinal detachment at posterior pole. Bartonella serology was positive for both IgM and IgG. In addition, Leptospira IgM was also positive. She was then started on oral Doxycycline 100mg BD for 14 days. After 8 weeks, her visual acuity improved to 6/9 and fundus examination showed resolution of optic disc swelling and macula oedema in both eyes. Conclusion: Bartonella henselae is a well-known causative organism for infective neuroretinitis. However, the other rare organisms such as Leptospira should be considered especially in tropical countries. Co-infection of both Bartonella henselae and Leptospira can manifest as neuroretinitis. Key words: Neuroretinitis, Bartonella henselae, Leptospira, dual infection","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74615717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATION MODULE DELIVERED THROUGH WHATSAPP TO ENHANCE TREATMENT ADHERENCE AND SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME OF TUBERCULOSIS IN SEREMBAN DISTRICT, NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA","authors":"I. NoorHaslinda, M. H. Juni","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health education and awareness program have shown to be the factor that promote adherence behaviour and successful outcome of tuberculosis (TB). Mobile health (mHealth) initiative that utilize WhatsApp may help in achieving health objectives. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Health Education Module named TB@Clicks delivered through WhatsApp to enhance treatment adherence and successful outcome among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was done among all newly diagnosed TB cases registered in Seremban District between 1st of July 2017 until 9th of April 2018. The patients who fulfils the eligibility criteria were systematically selected and randomly assigned to receive TB@Clicks module through WhatsApp or continue with the existing conventional health education. The respondents were followed-up until treatment was completed. The estimated total sample size was 110. Adherence rate and treatment outcome were gathered from the record book in Health Clinics. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of intervention on both outcomes. Result: A total of 110 PTB patients were recruited and 93 patients retained in the study (84.5%). Among them, 50 (90.9%) was from intervention group and 43 (78.2%) was from control group. There were 81.8% of respondents who received intervention adhered to TB treatment and 85.5% has the successful treatment outcome as compared to only 69.1% adherence and 70.9% with treatment success in control group but both were not statistically significant (p=0.121 & p=0.065). In multivariate analyses performed using generalized linear mixed models, PTB patients who had received intervention was 4.1 (95% CI = 1.16-14.87) times as likely to had successful treatment outcome as patients who had not received intervention. Conclusion: The TB@Clicks intervention module delivered through WhatsApp was effectively enhanced the treatment success rate but no significant effects on the adherence rate among PTB patients. Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, mHealth, medication adherence","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREDICTORS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PUCHONG SELANGOR, MALAYSIA","authors":"Queen Esehi Ojo, I. Suriani, B. Huda, Suhainizam","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood obesity is gaining a dramatic increase in developing as well as in developed countries. Childhood overweight and obesity in which adolescents are included have be known to have negative impact on both physical and psychological health. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into their adulthood and are more likely to develop non-communicable diseases . The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Puchong Selangor Malaysia.  Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study design was employed. A self-constructed pretested questionnaire was used for the data collection. The questionnaire consists of six sections, which include: socio-demography characteristics, physical activity questionnaire, self-esteem scale, body parts satisfaction scale, body size perception scale and smoking status questionnaire. Weight and height were measured and converted to body mass index (BMI). The study analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out for the mean, median, frequency and percentage. Chi square test was used to test association between the variables. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors of overweight and obesity among the respondents. Result: The response rate was 100%. The respondents’ age was 13-17years and occurrence of overweight and obesity was 10% and 3.9% respectively. Out of the 281 students that participated in the study 164 were female (58.4%). Overweight and obesity was significantly associated with father’s education ( χ2 = 9.697, df= 2, p =0.006), mothers education ( χ2 = 7.448, df= 2, p = 0.023), body part satisfaction ( χ2 =14.837, df= 1, p = 0.001) and body image ( χ2 =6.745, df= 1, p = 0.009). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of obesity were age (AOR=2.049, 95% CL: 0.186, 0.835, p <0.007), body parts satisfaction (AOR=3.656, 95% CL: 1.729, 7.730, p <0.001) and body size perception (AOR=3.130, 95%:1.269, 7.718, p <0.014). Conclusion: The significant predictors of overweight and obesity among study population were age, body parts satisfaction and body size perception. Keywords: Overweight, obesity, association, predictors, secondary school, students.","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A CHILD’S BMI WITH PARENTAL FEEDING STYLE AND MATERNAL PERCEPTION TOWARDS CHILDHOOD OBESITY","authors":"Shivam Saw, Z. Latiff","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity are increasing among preschool children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a child’s body mass index (BMI) with maternal perception towards the child’s weight and type of parental feeding style. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2017 until November 2018 in kindergartens from Ipoh and Cheras. Self-administered validated questionnaires were distributed to parents. Data on child’s BMI, maternal perception to their child’s BMI, perception towards childhood obesity and parental feeding style were obtained and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 483 children were recruited. The prevalence of overweight children was 6.8% (BMI ≥ 85 th to < 95 th percentile) whereas the prevalence of obesity was 8.1% (BMI ≥ 95 th percentile). When comparing the group of children with BMI ≥ 85 th percentile (n= 72) to those with BMI<85 th percentile (n= 411), we found that parents of overweight/obese children differed significantly in the accuracy of their judgment about their child’s weight.  Only 12.5% in the former group accurately perceived their child’s weight compared to 76.9% in the latter group (p<0.01). Majority of parents (34%) in our community had indulgent feeding style, followed by authoritarian (31%), authoritative (18%) and uninvolved (16%). There was however no statistical significance in terms of parental feeding style in both groups of children. Conclusion: A significant proportion of parents failed to recognise that their children were overweight. Public health programmes are thus required to raise parental awareness of childhood overweight and obesity. Keywords: childhood obesity, maternal perception, feeding style, BMI","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73937748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEMATIC FACEBOOK USE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UPM CORRELATED WITH DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS","authors":"Loh Jia Ling Nisha Syed Nasser, Hamed Sharifat Aida Abdul Rashid, Ezamin Abdul Rahim Suzana Ab Hamid, Salasiah Mustafa Ching Siew Mooi Beatrice Ng Andrew, S. Suppiah","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.113","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Facebook has emerged as one of the top social networking sites (SNSs) among university students but at the cost of leading to negative implications on psychosocial wellbeing. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety and stress have been implicated in the development of addictions; however studies that evaluate this are scarce among the Malaysian population. Our objective was to identify problematic Facebook use among undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and to correlate the psychological factors that influence problematic Facebook use. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1060 students from various faculties in UPM. Validated Facebook Addiction Test (FAT) and DASS-21 questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive analysis was done for demographic data. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used in the analytical part. Results: Problematic Facebook use was detected among 16.6% of the undergraduate students. Problematic Facebook use was significantly related to the level of depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that younger age, male gender and depression were significant predictors of problematic Facebook use (p<0.05). Conclusion: Problematic Facebook use is significantly related to the level of depression, anxiety and stress.  Young male university students are more prone to problematic Facebook use than females. Depression plays an important role in the development of problematic Facebook usage, thus requires careful monitoring of young students for early detection and prevention. Keywords : Internet Addiction, Malaysia, social networking, student psychology, university","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88160573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS","authors":"Arinah W.D.S., M. H. Juni, Lim Poh Ying, J. Ghani, Fakarudin Kamarudin","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.79","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Primary care is the first level of contact with the health system to promote health, prevent illness, care for common illnesses, and manage on-going health problems. Maternal health services were one of the important components of primary care delivered through health clinics and community clinics. It is crucial to ensure scarce resources in health clinic were utilized efficiently. Data envelop analysis is a technique which had advantage in assessment of efficiency of primary care because the technique can handle multiple inputs and outputs in efficiency score calculation.  Objectives: To assess technical efficiency of maternal health services and it determinants in primary care setting of health clinics in Negeri Sembilan using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Methodology: This e valuation research employing cross-sectional study design using primary data from health district offices and health clinics in Negeri Sembilan. Sources of data includes administrative records and expenditure records from district health offices, and maternal health services utilization obtained from clinic records. The study randomly selected 16 maternal health services of health clinics as DMUs. Data for 2016 and 2017 were used in the analysis. Analysis of DEA used two-stage DEA. In the first stage DEA to efficiency score, namely: overall technical efficiency (OTE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) scores.  In the second stage, four environmental variables namely location of health clinic, distance of health clinic to the nearest health facility, years of service of nurses and comorbidity of patient regressed against PTE score using Tobit regression analysis. Results: In 2016, average pure technical efficiency (PTE) for maternal health services were 60.50% (SD 35.50). An increased in mean PTE in 2017 for maternal health services with the score of 67.30% (SD 34.30). Maternal health services in type 2 health clinic were efficient as compared with other types of health clinic in 2016. In 2017, maternal health services in health clinic type 6 were efficient. One determinant was found to significantly affect TE (comorbidity of patient). Conclusion: The findings from this study found that technical efficient maternal health services in Negeri Sembilan were in Health Clinic Type 5 (31.25%) and Health Clinic Type 6 (37.50%) in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Patients with more comorbidity significantly decrease technical efficiency of maternal health services. Keywords : technical efficiency, maternal health, primary care service, health clinic, data envelopment analysis.","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79096296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF FATTY LIVER CHANGES ON NON-CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS","authors":"H. Hassan, C. Koh, Laila Mastura Ahmad Apandi, S. Suppiah, Ezamin Abdul Bin Rahim","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.68","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Fourth National Health and Morbidity Survey completed in 2011, revealed that 27.2% of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above are obese, while 33.3% are pre-obese, with increasing prevalence of obese children. Together with observation of “ethnic lipodystrophy” in South Asians population and increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian population, further study of NAFLD in Malaysian population with their associated risk factors is necessary. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent CT Urography (CTU) examination, selected through simple random sampling. Presence of NAFLD was determined based on liver CT value of <40 HU and CT Liver-Spleen attenuation ratio. Association and correlation of NAFLD with Body Mass Index (BMI), abdominal wall subcutaneous fat thickness and biochemical markers were calculated. Result: Forty-six percent (46%) of study population had NAFLD, with male predominance. There were significant association of NAFLD with BMI, abdominal wall subcutaneous fat thickness and lower serum HDL level. Conclusion: Increasing prevalence of NAFLD with increasing BMI, thicker abdominal wall subcutaneous fat thickness and decreasing serum HDL level Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, risk factors, non-contrast enhanced CT, subcutaneous wall thickness","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84274263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO HEALTH SYSTEMS GOVERNANCE RESEARCH","authors":"A R Arifah, M. H. Juni","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.35","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Governance in health is a process whereby important decisions are made and determining who is accountable. Good health system governance (HSG) can ensure optimal functioning of the health system influenced by transparent rules and governed by effective oversight. Assessment of governance can influence the health outcome of the population when subsequent improvement is made for better policy input. The aim of this review is to understand the methodological research approaches used in the assessment of HSG. Methodology: A review was directed from a collection of articles obtained from Pubmed, ScienceDirect and CINAHL databases that summarises relevant prior publication on methodological approaches that have been used in HSG research describing study design, methods of data collection and analysis. Only original articles of the past ten years (2009 to 2019) published in English language is included. Data was extracted base on a pre-constructed matrix. Results and Discussion: Findings revealed different research methods for the qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods design. Similarities between the three are in terms of how research questions direct the choice of study design and the use of a governance framework or recommendation of indictors to guide the study.  There were differences in terms of the nature of study, the methods used, and type of information gathered. Each study design has its own strengths and limitations. Lessons learned include research going beyond descriptions, tailoring approaches to fit study objectives, the importance of communicating findings and being clear in giving recommendations for policymaking. Conclusion: The qualitative design is contextual yet difficult to generalize, the quantitative design is generalizable yet very explicit to certain indicators specified while the mixed methods design is comprehensive but requires more resources to carry out. Keywords: health system governance, assessment, methodological approaches, research design","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83868497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PREVENTION AT DISTRICT LEVEL IN MALAYSIA","authors":"R. Diana, M. Safrin, Nada, A. Rosliza","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.53","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Non –Communicable Disease (NCD) unit in Malaysia has had much focus in recent years as its country undergoes a major epidemiologic transition with the rise in the four largest contributors of NCD deaths namely cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease. In line with reducing the burden of NCD both for the patient and healthcare, the district health office plays a vital role in managing disease prevention through adequate planning, focusing on the implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and monitoring the health of the population. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted through online database search such as Google Scholar and PubMed to identify articles that were related to the current management of non-communicable disease prevention. Initial keywords used were district health management, non-communicable disease, prevention and Malaysia. The reference list was also reviewed for related articles including some that were handpicked. Result: Healthcare system in Malaysia is performed as a top down exercise whereby most of the national planning is conducted at federal level by the Ministry of Health. However, at the ground level, the district health office needs to conduct situational analysis to identify the needs and challenges of the local community within their jurisdiction. The management of NCD prevention is focusing on the implementation of actions through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels that fall within the role of health professionals and health care providers in primary care, hospitals and community services environment. Conclusion: Community empowerment and health education are important components in primary prevention of NCD. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for NCD provided at the district level will stop the progression of the disease, leading to a better prognosis. Tertiary prevention in the form of rehabilitation at district level reduces and limits the disability and impairment related to NCD. Keywords: Non-communicable disease, prevention, district level, NCD program, community empowerment","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79032959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}