Background: Even though psychological disorders can be treated with various methods, one of the emerging concepts is psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are the probiotics that have psychotropic properties in it, and these probiotics proved with the proper administration could provide physiological and psychological benefits to healthy individuals. In past years, many interventions have been conducted to identify these effects using human and animal samples. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarise current human studies conducted to investigate the effect of probiotics on psychological conditions Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using different databases includes Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Science direct, and Google scholar referring to the past 15 years. 526 studies have been extracted and after removing duplicates and studies that do not meet the inclusion criteria, twenty-two studies were selected to document in the present review from 2004 to 2018. Result: Majority of these studies have revealed the effect of probiotics for improving the psychological disorders such as anxiety, stress, and depression with the significant difference between experiment and placebo groups. Thus, some studies showed no significant difference between groups. This may be due to different dosages, probiotic strains, intervention duration used in the studies. Conclusion: Daily probiotic supplementation can positively affect psychological conditions among different populations. Keywords: Anxiety, stress, probiotics, psychobiotics
背景:尽管心理障碍的治疗方法多种多样，但其中一个新兴的概念是心理生物制剂。精神益生菌是一种具有精神作用的益生菌，经证实，适当的给药可以为健康个体提供生理和心理上的益处。在过去几年中，已经进行了许多干预措施，以利用人类和动物样本来确定这些影响。因此，本综述的目的是总结目前进行的关于益生菌对心理状况影响的人类研究。材料和方法:使用不同的数据库进行文献检索，包括Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Science direct和谷歌scholar，涉及过去15年。在剔除重复和不符合纳入标准的研究后，从2004年至2018年，我们选择了22项研究纳入本综述。结果:这些研究大多揭示了益生菌对焦虑、压力、抑郁等心理障碍的改善作用，且实验组与安慰剂组之间存在显著差异。因此，一些研究显示各组之间没有显著差异。这可能是由于不同的剂量，益生菌菌株，在研究中使用的干预时间。结论:每日补充益生菌可对不同人群的心理状况产生积极影响。关键词:焦虑;压力;益生菌
{"title":"PSYCHOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF PROBIOTICS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"A. Adikari, M. Appukutty, Garry Kuan","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though psychological disorders can be treated with various methods, one of the emerging concepts is psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are the probiotics that have psychotropic properties in it, and these probiotics proved with the proper administration could provide physiological and psychological benefits to healthy individuals. In past years, many interventions have been conducted to identify these effects using human and animal samples. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarise current human studies conducted to investigate the effect of probiotics on psychological conditions Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using different databases includes Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Science direct, and Google scholar referring to the past 15 years. 526 studies have been extracted and after removing duplicates and studies that do not meet the inclusion criteria, twenty-two studies were selected to document in the present review from 2004 to 2018. Result: Majority of these studies have revealed the effect of probiotics for improving the psychological disorders such as anxiety, stress, and depression with the significant difference between experiment and placebo groups. Thus, some studies showed no significant difference between groups. This may be due to different dosages, probiotic strains, intervention duration used in the studies. Conclusion: Daily probiotic supplementation can positively affect psychological conditions among different populations. Keywords: Anxiety, stress, probiotics, psychobiotics","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81269869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease and still a global public health issue. PTB affects not only the patients’ physical health, but also on their mental and social wellbeing. The health program in TB management routinely focuses on bacteriological markers of response and on outcomes such as cure, mortality and treatment failure. However, there are various aspects that may lead to a poor HRQoL. Thus, an evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its determinants has become an important health outcome and an area of concern for policy makers, health care professionals and researchers. The objective of this systematic review is to determine how PTB affects patients’ HRQoL and to identify the determinants of affected HRQoL. Materials and Methods: Systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Original studies providing information on PTB affecting the HRQoL were identified. The search terms used were “Health-related Quality of Life”, “Determinants”, “Pulmonary Tuberculosis” and “Patients”. The articles selected were rated using items extracted from the STROBE Statement checklist. Result: After screening, 21 articles were used for the systematic review; findings were discussed in terms of the study design, participants, results, remarks and the quality of the article (Table 1). Conclusion: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) does impair the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among the patients; namely the physical, mental and social components. Keywords: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), Determinants, Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (HRQoL) AFFECTING WELL-BEING OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (PTB) PATIENTS","authors":"M. H. Juni, S. Syafiq","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease and still a global public health issue. PTB affects not only the patients’ physical health, but also on their mental and social wellbeing. The health program in TB management routinely focuses on bacteriological markers of response and on outcomes such as cure, mortality and treatment failure. However, there are various aspects that may lead to a poor HRQoL. Thus, an evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its determinants has become an important health outcome and an area of concern for policy makers, health care professionals and researchers. The objective of this systematic review is to determine how PTB affects patients’ HRQoL and to identify the determinants of affected HRQoL. Materials and Methods: Systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Original studies providing information on PTB affecting the HRQoL were identified. The search terms used were “Health-related Quality of Life”, “Determinants”, “Pulmonary Tuberculosis” and “Patients”. The articles selected were rated using items extracted from the STROBE Statement checklist. Result: After screening, 21 articles were used for the systematic review; findings were discussed in terms of the study design, participants, results, remarks and the quality of the article (Table 1). Conclusion: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) does impair the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among the patients; namely the physical, mental and social components. Keywords: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), Determinants, Pulmonary Tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74748927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rizal, Mawar Siti Hajar, Garry Kuan, Meisam Savadelavar, Y. Kueh
Background: Studies have indicated that relaxation techniques are beneficial for athletes by enhancing their concentration, self-confidence, and reducing the levels of anxiety, stress, blood pressure and muscles stiffness. Progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) focuses on tightening and relaxing specific muscle groups of the body to achieve a state of relaxation which is a useful tool for competitive sport. Materials and Methods: PMR was applied to novice archers to examine its effect on state anxiety, heart rate and shooting performance. A total of 11 male and 17 female participants were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned using gender matched into two research conditions, PMR ( n = 14) and control ( n = 14) groups. A pre- and post-tests archery shooting performance was conducted before and after the three weeks of intervention period, which consisted of nine sessions of PMR. Participant’s psychological aspects were measured using the Revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) questionnaires, while the physiological aspect was measured using a digital pulse oximeter to monitor heart rate. Archery shooting score were measured using ten metre distance. Repeated measure of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the results. Result: There were significant changes in time effect for cognitive anxiety ( p = 0.037) and archery performance ( p = 0.019) but no significant difference between group ( p = 0.458) and interaction effects ( p = 0.110). There were also no significant results for time, group and interaction effects for somatic anxiety, self-confidence and arousal state Conclusion: PMR training showed no significant effect on anxiety, heart rate and archery performance on novice archers. Future studies may compare the effects of PMR on trained athletes. Keywords: Progressive muscle relaxation, novice, archers, shooting, performance
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR RELAXATION ON NOVICE ARCHERS’ STATE ANXIETY, HEART RATE AND PERFORMANCE SCORES","authors":"H. Rizal, Mawar Siti Hajar, Garry Kuan, Meisam Savadelavar, Y. Kueh","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.4.96","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies have indicated that relaxation techniques are beneficial for athletes by enhancing their concentration, self-confidence, and reducing the levels of anxiety, stress, blood pressure and muscles stiffness. Progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) focuses on tightening and relaxing specific muscle groups of the body to achieve a state of relaxation which is a useful tool for competitive sport. Materials and Methods: PMR was applied to novice archers to examine its effect on state anxiety, heart rate and shooting performance. A total of 11 male and 17 female participants were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned using gender matched into two research conditions, PMR ( n = 14) and control ( n = 14) groups. A pre- and post-tests archery shooting performance was conducted before and after the three weeks of intervention period, which consisted of nine sessions of PMR. Participant’s psychological aspects were measured using the Revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) questionnaires, while the physiological aspect was measured using a digital pulse oximeter to monitor heart rate. Archery shooting score were measured using ten metre distance. Repeated measure of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the results. Result: There were significant changes in time effect for cognitive anxiety ( p = 0.037) and archery performance ( p = 0.019) but no significant difference between group ( p = 0.458) and interaction effects ( p = 0.110). There were also no significant results for time, group and interaction effects for somatic anxiety, self-confidence and arousal state Conclusion: PMR training showed no significant effect on anxiety, heart rate and archery performance on novice archers. Future studies may compare the effects of PMR on trained athletes. Keywords: Progressive muscle relaxation, novice, archers, shooting, performance","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75867895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are susceptible to develop poor sleep quality. Those with poor sleep quality are more likely to experience adverse effects on their health and work performance. Sleep health education could be beneficial to improve their sleep quality. Materials and Methods: All eligible HCW from the participating clusters (health clinics) will be recruited. A minimum of 210 participants will be required in the two arm, parallel, cluster randomised trial. Five clusters will be randomly allocated into either intervention group or control group respectively. Intervention group will be given sleep health education whereas control group will be given pre-existing occupational health module on mercury spillage management. Result: The panel of subject experts will be consulted to develop the intervention module. For implementation, the intervention modules will be given to the participants from each group accordingly. For evaluation, sleep quality will be measured based on self-administered questionnaires at baseline and three months post intervention. Data analysis will be done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Intention to treat analysis will be done with the level of significance set at 0.05 and confidence level at 95%. For bivariate analyses, chi square and logistic regression will be used for categorical variables whereas linear regression for continuous variables. For multivariate analysis, Generalized estimating equations (GEE) will be used to adjust for the clustering effect. Conclusion: Sleep health education, particularly on sleep hygiene practice is essential to improve HCW’s sleep quality. Keywords: study protocol, sleep health education, sleep quality, healthcare workers
{"title":"EFFECT OF SLEEP HEALTH EDUCATION ON THE SLEEP QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN HEALTH CLINICS: STUDY PROTOCOL","authors":"M. Wan, H. Rahmawati","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are susceptible to develop poor sleep quality. Those with poor sleep quality are more likely to experience adverse effects on their health and work performance. Sleep health education could be beneficial to improve their sleep quality. Materials and Methods: All eligible HCW from the participating clusters (health clinics) will be recruited. A minimum of 210 participants will be required in the two arm, parallel, cluster randomised trial. Five clusters will be randomly allocated into either intervention group or control group respectively. Intervention group will be given sleep health education whereas control group will be given pre-existing occupational health module on mercury spillage management. Result: The panel of subject experts will be consulted to develop the intervention module. For implementation, the intervention modules will be given to the participants from each group accordingly. For evaluation, sleep quality will be measured based on self-administered questionnaires at baseline and three months post intervention. Data analysis will be done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Intention to treat analysis will be done with the level of significance set at 0.05 and confidence level at 95%. For bivariate analyses, chi square and logistic regression will be used for categorical variables whereas linear regression for continuous variables. For multivariate analysis, Generalized estimating equations (GEE) will be used to adjust for the clustering effect. Conclusion: Sleep health education, particularly on sleep hygiene practice is essential to improve HCW’s sleep quality. Keywords: study protocol, sleep health education, sleep quality, healthcare workers","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82709452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of biggest challenge for health human resource is the brain-drain issue. Regardless of the push and pull factors, migration of health care workers from developing countries to developed ones, have done more harm than good on the health care deliveries in the various countries. The aim of this paper is to review and explore the factors, impacts and strategies to improve the brain-drain phenomenon among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: A general review was conducted with the focus on the healthcare workers issues related to the brain-drain from various countries, guided by one research question; What are the brain-drain factors among the healthcare workers, its impacts and the strategies to improve the phenomenon? Relevant studies were identified. The literature searching was done based on the formulated research question from the electronic databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Result: 14 articles were reviewed from high-, middle- and low-income countries. Focusing on the healthcare sectors, most low- to middle-income countries demonstrated the internal brain-drain issues as income-generating potential was commonly observed within the private service. However, external brain-drain was more common in high-income countries. The factors that causes brain-drain include financial rewards, continuing rewards, career development, continuing education, hospital infrastructure, resource availability, hospital management, political issues, family issues, training, education and development. Conclusion: The internal and external brain-drain phenomenon among healthcare workers were contributed by the pulling and pushing factors either from the donor countries or the receiving countries. The most common factors including income-generated potential, inadequate wages despite of poor working condition, no clear professional development and intellectual stimulation, and aggravated by the political and economic instability. A comprehensive approach needed by the policy maker and political actors to tackle these factors to improve the equity at all levels of healthcare service deliveries. Keywords: brain-drain phenomenon, brain-drain factors, brain-drain impacts, brain-drain strategies, brain-drain in healthcare.
{"title":"BRAIN-DRAIN PHENOMENON AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS","authors":"M. Najib, S. Abdullah, S. Narresh, M. H. Juni","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.90","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of biggest challenge for health human resource is the brain-drain issue. Regardless of the push and pull factors, migration of health care workers from developing countries to developed ones, have done more harm than good on the health care deliveries in the various countries. The aim of this paper is to review and explore the factors, impacts and strategies to improve the brain-drain phenomenon among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: A general review was conducted with the focus on the healthcare workers issues related to the brain-drain from various countries, guided by one research question; What are the brain-drain factors among the healthcare workers, its impacts and the strategies to improve the phenomenon? Relevant studies were identified. The literature searching was done based on the formulated research question from the electronic databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Result: 14 articles were reviewed from high-, middle- and low-income countries. Focusing on the healthcare sectors, most low- to middle-income countries demonstrated the internal brain-drain issues as income-generating potential was commonly observed within the private service. However, external brain-drain was more common in high-income countries. The factors that causes brain-drain include financial rewards, continuing rewards, career development, continuing education, hospital infrastructure, resource availability, hospital management, political issues, family issues, training, education and development. Conclusion: The internal and external brain-drain phenomenon among healthcare workers were contributed by the pulling and pushing factors either from the donor countries or the receiving countries. The most common factors including income-generated potential, inadequate wages despite of poor working condition, no clear professional development and intellectual stimulation, and aggravated by the political and economic instability. A comprehensive approach needed by the policy maker and political actors to tackle these factors to improve the equity at all levels of healthcare service deliveries. Keywords: brain-drain phenomenon, brain-drain factors, brain-drain impacts, brain-drain strategies, brain-drain in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The most common health planning theories described by literature reviews are rationalism, incrementalism, and mixed- scanning. The application of planning theories in health planning is essential to give planners a broader perspective and to ensure the aims of their programmes are achievable. Tobacco control programme is among the health programmes that has been well established at an international level whereby The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and MPOWER package have served as a guide to the WHO member countries. However, the planning process of tobacco control programmes of each country are made based on further justifications and current situations of the respective countries. Marked differences in health planning theory approaches can be seen among low, middle and high income countries during the planning of tobacco programmes. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done using online databases by choosing the most common health planning theories used and mentioned in literature reviews. With the exception of Antarctica, several low, middle and high income countries with comprehensive information on tobacco control programmes were taken as representatives. Search for articles were conducted via four major databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed with additional information from guidelines and expert reports from official websites. Result: The three most common theories used in health planning are rationalism, incrementalism, and mix scanning. Differences in the application of these theories are seen among low, middle and high income countries. Rationalism and mixed scanning theory were mostly applicable in high and middle income countries whereas incrementalism is mostly being used in LIC. Conclusion: The application of health planning theories in tobacco control program may differ depending on factors that influence the planning process mainly the economic and political factors as well as support from key players. Keywords: planning theories, planning characteristics, tobacco control program planning
{"title":"HEALTH PLANNING THEORIES AND TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMMES: A REVIEW","authors":"D. Raj, M. Norain, M. Najib, A. Rosliza","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most common health planning theories described by literature reviews are rationalism, incrementalism, and mixed- scanning. The application of planning theories in health planning is essential to give planners a broader perspective and to ensure the aims of their programmes are achievable. Tobacco control programme is among the health programmes that has been well established at an international level whereby The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and MPOWER package have served as a guide to the WHO member countries. However, the planning process of tobacco control programmes of each country are made based on further justifications and current situations of the respective countries. Marked differences in health planning theory approaches can be seen among low, middle and high income countries during the planning of tobacco programmes. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done using online databases by choosing the most common health planning theories used and mentioned in literature reviews. With the exception of Antarctica, several low, middle and high income countries with comprehensive information on tobacco control programmes were taken as representatives. Search for articles were conducted via four major databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed with additional information from guidelines and expert reports from official websites. Result: The three most common theories used in health planning are rationalism, incrementalism, and mix scanning. Differences in the application of these theories are seen among low, middle and high income countries. Rationalism and mixed scanning theory were mostly applicable in high and middle income countries whereas incrementalism is mostly being used in LIC. Conclusion: The application of health planning theories in tobacco control program may differ depending on factors that influence the planning process mainly the economic and political factors as well as support from key players. Keywords: planning theories, planning characteristics, tobacco control program planning","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75783692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Hasyma, B. Norafida, S. Subapriya, Suraini, I. Iskasymar
Background: Seizures being a common problem in paediatrics population especially in children less than 2 years old. Although Computed Tomography (CT) is invaluable in providing quick information for prompt clinical management, it has potential hazardous effects of an associated ionizing radiation which are concerning for frequent use. We are examining the yield of CT Brain findings in children less than 2 years old who presented with first episode of seizures without documented prior trauma. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study based on retrospective data of children less than 2 years old who had undergone CT Brain examination in Hospital Serdang during first presentation of seizures from January 2012 till June 2015. The images were reviewed by 2 radiologists with special interest in Paediatric Radiology and any discrepancy was resolved by consensus. Comparative study between afebrile and febrile groups was made. Result: There were 377 CT Brain examinations performed in children less than 2 years old from January 2012 till June 2015, with 88 cases due to first episode of seizures without documented prior trauma. The age ranged between 1 to 23 months (mean 6.84 months, SD 5.223). A large proportion was represented by Malays (N=78; 88.6%) followed by foreigners/migrants (N=5; 5.7%), Chinese (N=3; 3.4%) and Indian (N=2; 2.3%). Male preponderance was noted with 61 cases (69.3%). 57 of cases had febrile seizures, while 31 of cases had afebrile seizures. Using a chi-square test, afebrile seizures were found to have significant association with abnormal CT Brain findings (N=25, 80.6%; p=0.005), intracranial bleed (N=16, 48%; p=0.001) and suspected non-accidental injuries (N=11, 35.5%; p=0.001). Conclusion: Afebrile seizures in children less than 2 years old without documented trauma signify ominous risk of having abnormal CT Brain findings, intracranial bleed and suspected non-accidental injuries thus necessitate emergent imaging at presentation. Keywords: seizures in children, CT scan.
{"title":"NEW ONSET SEIZURES IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS: IS EMERGENT CT IMAGING NECESSARY?","authors":"A. H. Hasyma, B. Norafida, S. Subapriya, Suraini, I. Iskasymar","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seizures being a common problem in paediatrics population especially in children less than 2 years old. Although Computed Tomography (CT) is invaluable in providing quick information for prompt clinical management, it has potential hazardous effects of an associated ionizing radiation which are concerning for frequent use. We are examining the yield of CT Brain findings in children less than 2 years old who presented with first episode of seizures without documented prior trauma. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study based on retrospective data of children less than 2 years old who had undergone CT Brain examination in Hospital Serdang during first presentation of seizures from January 2012 till June 2015. The images were reviewed by 2 radiologists with special interest in Paediatric Radiology and any discrepancy was resolved by consensus. Comparative study between afebrile and febrile groups was made. Result: There were 377 CT Brain examinations performed in children less than 2 years old from January 2012 till June 2015, with 88 cases due to first episode of seizures without documented prior trauma. The age ranged between 1 to 23 months (mean 6.84 months, SD 5.223). A large proportion was represented by Malays (N=78; 88.6%) followed by foreigners/migrants (N=5; 5.7%), Chinese (N=3; 3.4%) and Indian (N=2; 2.3%). Male preponderance was noted with 61 cases (69.3%). 57 of cases had febrile seizures, while 31 of cases had afebrile seizures. Using a chi-square test, afebrile seizures were found to have significant association with abnormal CT Brain findings (N=25, 80.6%; p=0.005), intracranial bleed (N=16, 48%; p=0.001) and suspected non-accidental injuries (N=11, 35.5%; p=0.001). Conclusion: Afebrile seizures in children less than 2 years old without documented trauma signify ominous risk of having abnormal CT Brain findings, intracranial bleed and suspected non-accidental injuries thus necessitate emergent imaging at presentation. Keywords: seizures in children, CT scan.","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74869147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Azwany, M. Ain, H. M. Hafiz, A. Aman, A. Harith
Background: Rehabilitation is a crucial component of the continuum of care, which ensures stroke patients have access to the most appropriate health services , when and where they need them. This study describe the different types of dependency levels and rehabilitation services received by stroke patients in after being discharged from hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 330 stroke patients admitted between January 2014 and December 2015. Patient information sheets were used to extract information on sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics and rehabilitation service received from patients’ medical record. Descriptive analysis was applied using R software. Result: Majority of stroke patients (79%) were referred to primary healthcare team for further rehabilitation at the community level. All bedridden stroke patients received home-based rehabilitation services. Seventy nine (23.9%) patients received domiciliary care services, whereas others received either nursing care visit 121 (36.7%) or outpatient service 130 (39%). Conclusion: All of the stroke patients were equitably managed considering the limitation in resources, practicability, and requirement based on the patients’ dependency levels. Further research is required to explore service outcome such as patients’ satisfaction towards those provided rehabilitation services in guiding the current service provision. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Post-stroke, Stroke, Post-stroke rehabilitation
{"title":"REHABILITATION SERVICES AMONG STROKE PATIENTS IN KOTA BHARU DISTRICT","authors":"Y. Azwany, M. Ain, H. M. Hafiz, A. Aman, A. Harith","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.215","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rehabilitation is a crucial component of the continuum of care, which ensures stroke patients have access to the most appropriate health services , when and where they need them. This study describe the different types of dependency levels and rehabilitation services received by stroke patients in after being discharged from hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 330 stroke patients admitted between January 2014 and December 2015. Patient information sheets were used to extract information on sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics and rehabilitation service received from patients’ medical record. Descriptive analysis was applied using R software. Result: Majority of stroke patients (79%) were referred to primary healthcare team for further rehabilitation at the community level. All bedridden stroke patients received home-based rehabilitation services. Seventy nine (23.9%) patients received domiciliary care services, whereas others received either nursing care visit 121 (36.7%) or outpatient service 130 (39%). Conclusion: All of the stroke patients were equitably managed considering the limitation in resources, practicability, and requirement based on the patients’ dependency levels. Further research is required to explore service outcome such as patients’ satisfaction towards those provided rehabilitation services in guiding the current service provision. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Post-stroke, Stroke, Post-stroke rehabilitation","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75224555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zety Abrar Naim Mahad, Z. Hashim, Norazura Ismail, J. Hashim
Background: The mining of bauxite ore in Kuantan, Pahang has been going since early 2013. Bauxite ore contains radionuclides and heavy metals by which uncontrolled bauxite mining, can pollute waterways. These can pose great threat to environment and human health. The study objectives were to determine and compare the concentrations of selected heavy metals; aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in water as well as to evaluate the risk of drinking such water. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in residential area of Felda Bukit Goh (FBG), Jalan Besar Bukit Goh (JBBG) and Kuantan Port Flat (KPF). A total of 162 respondents were interviewed using self-construct questionnaire. Seventy-nine samples of drinking water and 6 samples of water from water treatment plant were collected and analysed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuantan on 162 randomly selected respondents in three residential areas; FBG, JBBG and KPC. Questionnaires were used to obtain the socio-demographic background information and health symptoms. Result: Results indicated that there were significant differences in Al, Ni and Cr concentrations between rivers near the bauxite mining activities in Kuantan. The health risk assessment for all heavy metals from drinking water indicated that there was no significant risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect for both adults and children. Meanwhile, the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for carcinogenic heavy metals from drinking the water for adults and children were also within the acceptable limit. Conclusion: The presence of heavy metals levels in drinking and river water at the beginning of the year, 2016 posed no health risk to the communities. Keywords: Bauxite mining, heavy metals, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), health risk assessment
背景:2013年初，彭亨州关丹铝土矿开始开采。铝土矿含有放射性核素和重金属，不受控制的铝土矿开采会污染水道。这些会对环境和人类健康造成巨大威胁。研究的目的是确定和比较选定重金属的浓度;水中的铝(Al)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)和铅(Pb)，以及评估饮用此类水的风险。材料与方法:本研究在武吉戈市(FBG)、武吉戈市(Jalan Besar Bukit Goh)和关丹港公寓(KPF)的居民区进行。采用自构式问卷对162名被调查者进行了访谈。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对79个饮用水样品和6个水处理厂水样品进行了分析。本横断面研究是在关丹省3个居民区随机抽取162名调查对象;FBG, JBBG和KPC。通过问卷调查获得社会人口背景信息和健康症状。结果:关丹铝土矿开采附近河流的Al、Ni和Cr浓度存在显著差异。对饮用水中所有重金属的健康风险评估表明，对成人和儿童都不存在显著的非致癌不良健康影响风险。同时，成人和儿童从饮用水中摄入的致癌性重金属终生致癌风险(LCR)也在可接受范围内。结论:2016年年初饮用水和河水中重金属含量不构成社区健康风险。关键词:铝土矿开采;重金属;电感耦合等离子体质谱法
{"title":"HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT ON HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING AND SURFACE WATER OF COMMUNITIES IN BAUXITE MINING AREAS","authors":"Zety Abrar Naim Mahad, Z. Hashim, Norazura Ismail, J. Hashim","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mining of bauxite ore in Kuantan, Pahang has been going since early 2013. Bauxite ore contains radionuclides and heavy metals by which uncontrolled bauxite mining, can pollute waterways. These can pose great threat to environment and human health. The study objectives were to determine and compare the concentrations of selected heavy metals; aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in water as well as to evaluate the risk of drinking such water. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in residential area of Felda Bukit Goh (FBG), Jalan Besar Bukit Goh (JBBG) and Kuantan Port Flat (KPF). A total of 162 respondents were interviewed using self-construct questionnaire. Seventy-nine samples of drinking water and 6 samples of water from water treatment plant were collected and analysed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuantan on 162 randomly selected respondents in three residential areas; FBG, JBBG and KPC. Questionnaires were used to obtain the socio-demographic background information and health symptoms. Result: Results indicated that there were significant differences in Al, Ni and Cr concentrations between rivers near the bauxite mining activities in Kuantan. The health risk assessment for all heavy metals from drinking water indicated that there was no significant risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect for both adults and children. Meanwhile, the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for carcinogenic heavy metals from drinking the water for adults and children were also within the acceptable limit. Conclusion: The presence of heavy metals levels in drinking and river water at the beginning of the year, 2016 posed no health risk to the communities. Keywords: Bauxite mining, heavy metals, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), health risk assessment","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74283329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. I. Syafinaz, M. H. Juni, Rosliza A.M, Lim Poh Ying
ABSTRACT In Malaysia, smoking is the third risk factor with the most disease burden and it was hugely associated with diseases of the heart and lungs. In response to the tobacco epidemic, WHO had adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 21 st May 2003 but despite ratifying to FCTC in 2005 and enforcing various types of policies in the country, consumption of cigarette remains widespread in Malaysia. Hence the objective of this study which is to determine the role of cigarette policies in reducing cigarette consumption and the occurrences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in Malaysia. This is a time series study with cigarette consumption and COPD and lung cancer occurrences as the dependent variables while the independent variable was all policies related to cigarette smoking in Malaysia between the years 1995 until 2017. Data analyses were done using Microsoft Excel Version 16.12, and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the variables using mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. Time series scatter plot was utilized to plot the data on a monthly basis. The mean for cigarette consumption was 1,268.34 million cigarettes (standard deviation (SD) 669.31 million). The median for minimum cigarette price was RM0.35 per cigarette (interquartile range (IQR) RM0.10 per cigarette). Import duty showed a median of RM0.20 (IQR RM0.06) while excise duty’s median and IQR was RM0.12 and RM0.19 respectively. The median for COPD was 962 cases (IQR 381), while the mean for lung cancer cases was 231 cases (SD 55). Cigarette consumption showed a fluctuating pattern followed by a down going trend from year 2012 until 2017. This coincides with the introduction of more cigarette related policies and the introduction of minimum cigarette price policy with increasing excise tax rates. However, COPD and lung cancer cases showed an increasing trend despite the decreasing cigarette consumption, more policies implementation and increasing tax rates. In conclusion, cigarette policies have played a major role in reducing cigarette consumption but not the number of COPD and lung cancer occurrences in Malaysia from year 1995 until 2017. Keywords: cigarette related policies, cigarette consumption, lung cancer, COPD, Malaysia
在马来西亚，吸烟是疾病负担最大的第三大风险因素，它与心脏和肺部疾病密切相关。为应对烟草流行，世卫组织于2003年5月21日通过了《烟草控制框架公约》，但尽管在2005年批准了《烟草控制框架公约》并在该国执行了各种政策，马来西亚的卷烟消费仍然很普遍。因此，本研究的目的是确定香烟政策在减少马来西亚香烟消费和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和肺癌发生率方面的作用。这是一项时间序列研究，以卷烟消费量、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌发病率为因变量，而自变量是马来西亚1995年至2017年期间与吸烟有关的所有政策。采用Microsoft Excel Version 16.12和IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23进行数据分析。描述性统计采用均值和标准差或中位数和四分位间距来描述变量。采用时间序列散点图按月绘制数据。香烟消费量的平均值为126834万支(标准差为66931万支)。最低卷烟价格中位数为每支0.35令吉(四分位数区间为每支0.10令吉)。进口税的中位数为0.20令吉(IQR为RM0.06)，而消费税的中位数和IQR分别为RM0.12和RM0.19。COPD的中位数为962例(IQR 381)，而肺癌的中位数为231例(SD 55)。从2012年到2017年，卷烟消费量呈波动趋势，随后呈下降趋势。与此同时，政府推出了更多与卷烟有关的政策，并推出了卷烟最低价格政策，同时提高了消费税税率。然而，尽管卷烟消费量下降，政策实施力度加大，税率提高，但慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌病例仍呈上升趋势。综上所述，从1995年到2017年，马来西亚的烟草政策在减少香烟消费方面发挥了重要作用，但在减少慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌发病率方面却没有发挥作用。关键词:卷烟相关政策，卷烟消费，肺癌，COPD，马来西亚
{"title":"THE ROLE OF CIGARETTE POLICIES IN REDUCING CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION AND THE OCCURRENCES OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND LUNG CANCER IN MALAYSIA","authors":"S. I. Syafinaz, M. H. Juni, Rosliza A.M, Lim Poh Ying","doi":"10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Malaysia, smoking is the third risk factor with the most disease burden and it was hugely associated with diseases of the heart and lungs. In response to the tobacco epidemic, WHO had adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 21 st May 2003 but despite ratifying to FCTC in 2005 and enforcing various types of policies in the country, consumption of cigarette remains widespread in Malaysia. Hence the objective of this study which is to determine the role of cigarette policies in reducing cigarette consumption and the occurrences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in Malaysia. This is a time series study with cigarette consumption and COPD and lung cancer occurrences as the dependent variables while the independent variable was all policies related to cigarette smoking in Malaysia between the years 1995 until 2017. Data analyses were done using Microsoft Excel Version 16.12, and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the variables using mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. Time series scatter plot was utilized to plot the data on a monthly basis. The mean for cigarette consumption was 1,268.34 million cigarettes (standard deviation (SD) 669.31 million). The median for minimum cigarette price was RM0.35 per cigarette (interquartile range (IQR) RM0.10 per cigarette). Import duty showed a median of RM0.20 (IQR RM0.06) while excise duty’s median and IQR was RM0.12 and RM0.19 respectively. The median for COPD was 962 cases (IQR 381), while the mean for lung cancer cases was 231 cases (SD 55). Cigarette consumption showed a fluctuating pattern followed by a down going trend from year 2012 until 2017. This coincides with the introduction of more cigarette related policies and the introduction of minimum cigarette price policy with increasing excise tax rates. However, COPD and lung cancer cases showed an increasing trend despite the decreasing cigarette consumption, more policies implementation and increasing tax rates. In conclusion, cigarette policies have played a major role in reducing cigarette consumption but not the number of COPD and lung cancer occurrences in Malaysia from year 1995 until 2017. Keywords: cigarette related policies, cigarette consumption, lung cancer, COPD, Malaysia","PeriodicalId":14315,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77799454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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