Fifty four rice cultivars from North Bank Plain Zone (NBPZ) of Assam were assessed for their genetic variability and diversity with respect to yield and traits associated with adaptation under moisture stress with a view to formulate hybridization strategies for further genetic improvement. Genotypes were evaluated following a completely randomized design with two replications under PVC pipes at the experimental field of BN College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali, Assam. A higher magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for root volume, root dry weight, root length density, filled grains per panicle, shoot dry weight, root length, root-shoot ratio and grain yield per plant. High heritability coupled with higher genetic advance was registered for root dry weight, root length density, root volume, root-shoot ratio, root length and grain yield per plant. D2 analysis revealed that the genotypes could be distributed into a group of eight clusters with maximum distance between cluster III and cluster V (845.71). Root volume was found to contribute highest towards divergence (12.83%). Out of all the clusters, cluster IV with an intra cluster distance of 370.76 consisted of maximum number of accessions (17). Genotypes based on the inter se genetic distance and per se performances of specific traits were identified for undertaking hybridization programme. The implication of the diversity pattern elucidated for breeding varieties for moisture stress adaptation were discussed. Hybridization programme may be undertaken between the identified genotypes having inter se genetic diversity belonging to diverse clusters. Thus it could be expected to obtain desirable segregants out of the hybridization programme for further genetic improvement of rice in the region.
{"title":"Genetic Variability and Diversity in Rice Cultivars of North Bank Plain Zone of Assam for Traits Associated with Grain Yield and Adaption under Moisture Stress","authors":"Abu Saleh Nizamuddin Ahmed, M. Sarma, Daizi Durba Saharia, Manash Protim Nath, Nigombam Sonia Devi, Jugal Chandra Talukdar, Sobha Dutta Deka","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430817","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty four rice cultivars from North Bank Plain Zone (NBPZ) of Assam were assessed for their genetic variability and diversity with respect to yield and traits associated with adaptation under moisture stress with a view to formulate hybridization strategies for further genetic improvement. Genotypes were evaluated following a completely randomized design with two replications under PVC pipes at the experimental field of BN College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali, Assam. A higher magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for root volume, root dry weight, root length density, filled grains per panicle, shoot dry weight, root length, root-shoot ratio and grain yield per plant. High heritability coupled with higher genetic advance was registered for root dry weight, root length density, root volume, root-shoot ratio, root length and grain yield per plant. D2 analysis revealed that the genotypes could be distributed into a group of eight clusters with maximum distance between cluster III and cluster V (845.71). Root volume was found to contribute highest towards divergence (12.83%). Out of all the clusters, cluster IV with an intra cluster distance of 370.76 consisted of maximum number of accessions (17). Genotypes based on the inter se genetic distance and per se performances of specific traits were identified for undertaking hybridization programme. The implication of the diversity pattern elucidated for breeding varieties for moisture stress adaptation were discussed. Hybridization programme may be undertaken between the identified genotypes having inter se genetic diversity belonging to diverse clusters. Thus it could be expected to obtain desirable segregants out of the hybridization programme for further genetic improvement of rice in the region.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74865601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430815
D. Mishra, Genda Singh
Aim: Understanding the interactive effects of aspects and elevation on soil properties and vegetation diversity in hill forests of the desert environment is essential for devising strategies to restore such degraded hills. Place and Duration: Observations were recorded from September to October months of both 2017 and 2018 in a hill forest area in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. Methodology: Three-hundred-twenty plots of 1 m2 (clustered at sixty-four positions based on eight slope aspects and eight elevations) were studied for herbaceous diversity and soil properties by sorting vegetation to species level and soil sampling in each plot. Community population (P), height, soil water content (SWC), pH and organic carbon (SOC) were measured and species-richness (R), Shannon-Weiner diversity (Hꞌ), dominance (D) and evenness (J') were calculated. Results: Out of 174 species recorded from 34 families and 122 genera, 163 species showed IVI <5. Highest number of species (48) were from family Poaceae. Soil pH, SWC, SOC, P and height were greater in 2017, whereas R, Hꞌ and Jꞌ were greater in 2018. Soil pH, vegetation height and D were lowest in northeast and highest (1.04-1.54-fold) in west to southeast. SOC, SWC, R and J' were 1.16-2.35-fold greater in northeast than south aspect. P, height and H′ showed a reverse trend with 1.15-1.53-fold variation. SOC, height, R and H' increased by 1.30-2.35-fold with an increase in elevation from <230m to >600m, whereas D and pH showed a decreasing trend. The highest values of SWC, P and Jꞌ were in 800-900m, 700-800m and 600-700m respectively. Though varied with aspects, <230m area was dominated by xeric species, middle by Aristida adscensionis and higher ones by Apluda mutica/Heteropogon contortus. Conclusion: Altitude had stronger impact on all variables except SWC, which was influenced strongly by aspects making southern slopes drier than the northern slopes and influenced species structure and composition. Such areas require effective conservation, but aspect and elevation should be given due importance in devising restoration strategies for efficient management of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.
{"title":"Slope Aspects and Elevation Influenced Herbaceous Diversity and Soil Characteristics in Tropical Forests of Indian Desert","authors":"D. Mishra, Genda Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430815","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Understanding the interactive effects of aspects and elevation on soil properties and vegetation diversity in hill forests of the desert environment is essential for devising strategies to restore such degraded hills. \u0000Place and Duration: Observations were recorded from September to October months of both 2017 and 2018 in a hill forest area in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. \u0000Methodology: Three-hundred-twenty plots of 1 m2 (clustered at sixty-four positions based on eight slope aspects and eight elevations) were studied for herbaceous diversity and soil properties by sorting vegetation to species level and soil sampling in each plot. Community population (P), height, soil water content (SWC), pH and organic carbon (SOC) were measured and species-richness (R), Shannon-Weiner diversity (Hꞌ), dominance (D) and evenness (J') were calculated. \u0000Results: Out of 174 species recorded from 34 families and 122 genera, 163 species showed IVI <5. Highest number of species (48) were from family Poaceae. Soil pH, SWC, SOC, P and height were greater in 2017, whereas R, Hꞌ and Jꞌ were greater in 2018. Soil pH, vegetation height and D were lowest in northeast and highest (1.04-1.54-fold) in west to southeast. SOC, SWC, R and J' were 1.16-2.35-fold greater in northeast than south aspect. P, height and H′ showed a reverse trend with 1.15-1.53-fold variation. SOC, height, R and H' increased by 1.30-2.35-fold with an increase in elevation from <230m to >600m, whereas D and pH showed a decreasing trend. The highest values of SWC, P and Jꞌ were in 800-900m, 700-800m and 600-700m respectively. Though varied with aspects, <230m area was dominated by xeric species, middle by Aristida adscensionis and higher ones by Apluda mutica/Heteropogon contortus. \u0000Conclusion: Altitude had stronger impact on all variables except SWC, which was influenced strongly by aspects making southern slopes drier than the northern slopes and influenced species structure and composition. Such areas require effective conservation, but aspect and elevation should be given due importance in devising restoration strategies for efficient management of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74097038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430814
P. Cobbinah, C. S. Abengmeneng
Nursery establishment for healthy seedlings is an integral part of afforestation and reforestation projects. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are amid the destructive pathogens that greatly threaten forest nurseries. This study assesses forest nursery operations and knowledge of PPNs of four forest districts of Ashanti region of Ghana, namely Juaso, Mankranso, Offinso, and Nkawie. Respondents comprised only forestry staff involved in managing forest nurseries. A Structured and semi-structured interview schedule was employed for data collection. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Descriptive statistics were used and means presented using tables and graphs. From the study, all the respondents (100%) established temporary nursery to meet seedlings demand. Majority of the respondents (83.3%) sourced soil from abandoned refuse dump while few (16.7%) collected top soils from unfarmed sites for raising seedlings. Disease occurrence in the nursery was observed by majority (75%) of the respondents while most (66.7%) of them had no idea of the causes of the diseases observed. Greater proportion (66.7%) of the respondents moreover had no knowledge of PPNs and therefore were unaware of their damage potential. Organising seminars and workshops for nursery managers on proper operations and awareness of PPNs to enhance their knowledge is recommended.
{"title":"Forest Nursery Operations and Knowledge of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Four Forest Districts of the Ashanti Region of Ghana","authors":"P. Cobbinah, C. S. Abengmeneng","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430814","url":null,"abstract":"Nursery establishment for healthy seedlings is an integral part of afforestation and reforestation projects. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are amid the destructive pathogens that greatly threaten forest nurseries. This study assesses forest nursery operations and knowledge of PPNs of four forest districts of Ashanti region of Ghana, namely Juaso, Mankranso, Offinso, and Nkawie. Respondents comprised only forestry staff involved in managing forest nurseries. A Structured and semi-structured interview schedule was employed for data collection. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Descriptive statistics were used and means presented using tables and graphs. From the study, all the respondents (100%) established temporary nursery to meet seedlings demand. Majority of the respondents (83.3%) sourced soil from abandoned refuse dump while few (16.7%) collected top soils from unfarmed sites for raising seedlings. Disease occurrence in the nursery was observed by majority (75%) of the respondents while most (66.7%) of them had no idea of the causes of the diseases observed. Greater proportion (66.7%) of the respondents moreover had no knowledge of PPNs and therefore were unaware of their damage potential. Organising seminars and workshops for nursery managers on proper operations and awareness of PPNs to enhance their knowledge is recommended. ","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89705891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430812
N. Kalita, P. Boruah, S. Bhuyan, R. Saud, S. Maibangsa
Zinc (Zn) is the micronutrient that most commonly limits maize yields but it receives much less attention than other inputs. The present field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zn fertilizers on growth and yield of maize in farmer’s field under rainfed condition in hill region of Assam, Eastern Himalayan Region for authenticating Zn fertilizer application in increasing the yield of summer maize in actual farmer’s field condition. The experiment was carried out in 6 locations (as replication) of three villages with four treatments which consist of recommended dose of fertilizer (90:40:40 kg NPK kgha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer with ZnSO4 @15 kg ha-1, Farmers’ practice with ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 and Farmers’ practice (No application of fertilizers) as control. Maize responded positively to Zn fertilization where the yields increased from 4.62 t ha−1 without Zn to 4.91 t ha−1 with Zn under recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield response of maize to application of Zn only recorded 9.15 % increase in yield in case of farmers practice without any fertilizers. Zn application increased maize yield due to increased cob length, cob diameter, kernel numbers and kernel weight in Zn-deficient soils. The increase in grain yield in case of combined use of fertilizer and ZnSO4 (heptahydrate) was mainly due to significantly more number of kernels per cob (392) as well as kernel weight (120.3 g) over application of fertilizers only i.e. 368 and 108.4 g respectively. The result of the present study reveals that, basal soil application of Zn as ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 in maize crop along with recommended fertilizers is highly recommended for the soils of North Eastern Hill region of India.
锌(Zn)是最常见的限制玉米产量的微量营养素，但与其他投入相比，锌受到的关注要少得多。本试验旨在研究在东喜马拉雅阿萨姆邦山区旱作条件下锌肥对农民田间玉米生长和产量的影响，以验证锌肥在实际农民田间条件下对夏玉米增产的作用。试验在3个村的6个地点进行(作为重复试验)，采用施肥推荐剂量(90:40:40 kg NPK kha -1)、施肥推荐剂量(ZnSO4 @15 kgha-1)、施肥推荐剂量(ZnSO4 @15 kgha-1)和对照施肥(不施肥)4种处理方式。玉米对施锌反应积极，在推荐施锌量下，玉米产量从未施锌的4.62 t ha - 1增加到施锌的4.91 t ha - 1。在不施肥的情况下，施锌对玉米产量的响应仅为9.15%。在缺锌土壤中，施锌增加了玉米的穗轴长度、穗轴直径、粒数和粒重，从而提高了玉米产量。化肥与七水合硫酸锌配施对籽粒产量的提高主要是由于每穗粒数(392粒)和粒重(120.3 g)显著高于单施化肥(368粒)和单施化肥(108.4 g)。本研究结果表明，在印度东北部丘陵地区的土壤中，玉米作物基土中施用锌(ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1)和推荐肥料是非常推荐的。
{"title":"Maize Yield Response to Zinc Fertilization in Farmer’s Field under Rainfed Condition in Hill Region of Assam, Eastern Himalayan Region","authors":"N. Kalita, P. Boruah, S. Bhuyan, R. Saud, S. Maibangsa","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430812","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc (Zn) is the micronutrient that most commonly limits maize yields but it receives much less attention than other inputs. The present field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zn fertilizers on growth and yield of maize in farmer’s field under rainfed condition in hill region of Assam, Eastern Himalayan Region for authenticating Zn fertilizer application in increasing the yield of summer maize in actual farmer’s field condition. The experiment was carried out in 6 locations (as replication) of three villages with four treatments which consist of recommended dose of fertilizer (90:40:40 kg NPK kgha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer with ZnSO4 @15 kg ha-1, Farmers’ practice with ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 and Farmers’ practice (No application of fertilizers) as control. Maize responded positively to Zn fertilization where the yields increased from 4.62 t ha−1 without Zn to 4.91 t ha−1 with Zn under recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield response of maize to application of Zn only recorded 9.15 % increase in yield in case of farmers practice without any fertilizers. Zn application increased maize yield due to increased cob length, cob diameter, kernel numbers and kernel weight in Zn-deficient soils. The increase in grain yield in case of combined use of fertilizer and ZnSO4 (heptahydrate) was mainly due to significantly more number of kernels per cob (392) as well as kernel weight (120.3 g) over application of fertilizers only i.e. 368 and 108.4 g respectively. The result of the present study reveals that, basal soil application of Zn as ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 in maize crop along with recommended fertilizers is highly recommended for the soils of North Eastern Hill region of India.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86349736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430813
Adolfo C. Manuel Jr., Analita dM. Magsino, Cereneo S. Santiago Jr., Renzo Kyle V. Onella
The difference between men and women is still a social issue of how and why men and women are different and what this means for their roles in society. The study aimed to determine the different roles of men and women in reproductive, productive, community activities, and access to and control over resource and benefits among ornamental crop growers. Data were gathered through interview with the selected 181 ornamental crop growers from 7 barangays in Silang, Cavite using a semi-structured questionnaire. Frequency counts, percentage, range, and mean were used to analyze the data. There were more female ornamental crop growers than males. Their age varied between 21-82 years old. They had varied level of educational attainment, but majority are high school and college graduates. Most of the participants belong to a nuclear type of family with an average household size of four (4) members which in average, have two (2) males and two (2) females per household and their age average was 33 years old. Reproductive activities among ornamental crop growers were female-dominated. Among the reproductive activities, 60 percent are being performed mostly by mothers while only few are more or less equally done by fathers and mothers or in partnership. Productive activities among ornamental crop growers were performed by both female and male, however, a considerable number of females were also engaged hence making productive activities still female-dominated. Community activities among ornamental crop growers engaged both male and female adults but mothers participate the most in community managing activities like Clean and Green Projects, Feeding Programs, and Peace and Order Committee.
{"title":"Gender-Based Differentiation among Ornamental Crop Growers in Silang, Cavite","authors":"Adolfo C. Manuel Jr., Analita dM. Magsino, Cereneo S. Santiago Jr., Renzo Kyle V. Onella","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430813","url":null,"abstract":"The difference between men and women is still a social issue of how and why men and women are different and what this means for their roles in society. The study aimed to determine the different roles of men and women in reproductive, productive, community activities, and access to and control over resource and benefits among ornamental crop growers. Data were gathered through interview with the selected 181 ornamental crop growers from 7 barangays in Silang, Cavite using a semi-structured questionnaire. Frequency counts, percentage, range, and mean were used to analyze the data. There were more female ornamental crop growers than males. Their age varied between 21-82 years old. They had varied level of educational attainment, but majority are high school and college graduates. Most of the participants belong to a nuclear type of family with an average household size of four (4) members which in average, have two (2) males and two (2) females per household and their age average was 33 years old. Reproductive activities among ornamental crop growers were female-dominated. Among the reproductive activities, 60 percent are being performed mostly by mothers while only few are more or less equally done by fathers and mothers or in partnership. Productive activities among ornamental crop growers were performed by both female and male, however, a considerable number of females were also engaged hence making productive activities still female-dominated. Community activities among ornamental crop growers engaged both male and female adults but mothers participate the most in community managing activities like Clean and Green Projects, Feeding Programs, and Peace and Order Committee.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430811
Rahul Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, R. Naresh, A. Singh, Satendra Kumar, Pardeep Singh
Aim: The present experiment was carried out at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India, to study the effect of planting techniques and nitrogen scheduling on scented wet rice, water productivity and soil health in Inceptisol during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. Study Design: Experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) using crop planting techniques as main plot and nitrogen scheduling as sub plot factor. Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was conducted during the kharif season of 2019 and 2020 at the Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India. Methodology: The main factors consist of four planting techniques viz., Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBs), Reduced Tillage Transplanted Rice (RT-TPR), Unpuddled Transplanted Rice (UTR) and Conventional Transplanted Rice (CTR), the sub factors consist of six nitrogen scheduling variables viz., Control, 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 100% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI) and Real Time N Management through LCC. Observations on crop yield and attributing parameters were recorded at the harvest of crop. Crop was harvested manually at full physiological maturity. The straw yield was obtained by subtract grain yield from the total biomass yield, recorded plot wise after sun drying and computed to q ha-1. Results: Highest yield recorded under conventional transplanting which was statistically at par with FIRBs and significantly higher than UTR and RT-TPR. Among the nitrogen scheduling practices the highest yield and NPK uptake was obtained with Real Time N Management through LCC which was statistically at par with 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI) and 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), lowest yield and nutrient uptake was obtained in control treatment during both the years of study. Highest net return and B: C ratio was recorded under furrow irrigated raised beds transplanted rice. Conclusion: Basmati rice gave the higher yield under CTR and net return was associated with FIRBs. Therefore, it may be concluded that transplanting of rice on FIRBs with real time nitrogen management through LCC might be a better option to get higher productivity and profitability of basmati rice.
{"title":"Effect of Planting Techniques and Nitrogen Scheduling on Productivity and Profitability of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, R. Naresh, A. Singh, Satendra Kumar, Pardeep Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430811","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present experiment was carried out at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India, to study the effect of planting techniques and nitrogen scheduling on scented wet rice, water productivity and soil health in Inceptisol during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. \u0000Study Design: Experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) using crop planting techniques as main plot and nitrogen scheduling as sub plot factor. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was conducted during the kharif season of 2019 and 2020 at the Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India. \u0000Methodology: The main factors consist of four planting techniques viz., Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBs), Reduced Tillage Transplanted Rice (RT-TPR), Unpuddled Transplanted Rice (UTR) and Conventional Transplanted Rice (CTR), the sub factors consist of six nitrogen scheduling variables viz., Control, 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 100% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), 120% RDN (40% B + 35% AT + 25% PI) and Real Time N Management through LCC. Observations on crop yield and attributing parameters were recorded at the harvest of crop. Crop was harvested manually at full physiological maturity. The straw yield was obtained by subtract grain yield from the total biomass yield, recorded plot wise after sun drying and computed to q ha-1. \u0000Results: Highest yield recorded under conventional transplanting which was statistically at par with FIRBs and significantly higher than UTR and RT-TPR. Among the nitrogen scheduling practices the highest yield and NPK uptake was obtained with Real Time N Management through LCC which was statistically at par with 120% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI) and 100% RDN (50% B + 25% AT + 25% PI), lowest yield and nutrient uptake was obtained in control treatment during both the years of study. Highest net return and B: C ratio was recorded under furrow irrigated raised beds transplanted rice. \u0000Conclusion: Basmati rice gave the higher yield under CTR and net return was associated with FIRBs. Therefore, it may be concluded that transplanting of rice on FIRBs with real time nitrogen management through LCC might be a better option to get higher productivity and profitability of basmati rice.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90244246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430809
K. Ragadevi, P. Jeyakumar, M. Djanaguiraman, T. Kalaiselvi, L. Arul, L. Mahalingam, V. Ravichandran, S. Anandakumar
Cotton, known as “the King of fibers”, is the predominant fiber in the Indian textile industry. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent a potential sustainable alternative for the enhancement and protection of crops. The germination and seedling growth of cotton can be optimized by inoculating with PGPR. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different PGPR strains on seed germination and seedling establishment characters on cotton. The highest germination percentage, maximum vigour index and leaf area was obtained with the PPFM TNAU1 strain inoculation. The maximum shoot and root length were observed with seeds treated with Azospirillum strain sp7 with an increase of 24.4 and 42.8% over the control. Underground fresh and dry matter was higher in seedlings treated with Azospirillum sp7 strain compared to control, while the PPFM TNAU1 strain treatment increased the aerial fresh and dry matter content because of its larger leaf area. Seeds inoculated with individual strain of Azospirillum sp7 and PPFM TNAU1 outperformed the combined inoculation of PGPR strains. The increase in germination traits and seedling characters by PGPR strains indicates the positive influence on improving cotton seedling establishment traits associated to higher yield.
{"title":"Influence of Microbial Priming on Germination and Seedling Growth Traits of Compact Cotton CO17","authors":"K. Ragadevi, P. Jeyakumar, M. Djanaguiraman, T. Kalaiselvi, L. Arul, L. Mahalingam, V. Ravichandran, S. Anandakumar","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430809","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton, known as “the King of fibers”, is the predominant fiber in the Indian textile industry. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent a potential sustainable alternative for the enhancement and protection of crops. The germination and seedling growth of cotton can be optimized by inoculating with PGPR. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different PGPR strains on seed germination and seedling establishment characters on cotton. The highest germination percentage, maximum vigour index and leaf area was obtained with the PPFM TNAU1 strain inoculation. The maximum shoot and root length were observed with seeds treated with Azospirillum strain sp7 with an increase of 24.4 and 42.8% over the control. Underground fresh and dry matter was higher in seedlings treated with Azospirillum sp7 strain compared to control, while the PPFM TNAU1 strain treatment increased the aerial fresh and dry matter content because of its larger leaf area. Seeds inoculated with individual strain of Azospirillum sp7 and PPFM TNAU1 outperformed the combined inoculation of PGPR strains. The increase in germination traits and seedling characters by PGPR strains indicates the positive influence on improving cotton seedling establishment traits associated to higher yield.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91046252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430807
M. Chinnapappa, A. Ramar, S. Manickam, S. Velmurugan, V. Ravichandran, K. Bhuvaneswari
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil drenching and foliar application of different biostimulants on physiological and quality parameters of curry leaf (Murraya Koenigii Spreng.) at Karamadai, Coimbatore during 2019 to 2021. This study was laid out in factorial randomized block design with control, factor 1 as soil drenching (D1- humic acid @ 5 ml/plant and D2- jeevamrutham @ 50 ml/plant), factor 2 as foliar spray of different biostimulants (S1- Effective microorganism culture @ 2 %, S2- Egg amino acid @ 1%, S3-Panchagavya @ 3%, S4- Sea weed extract @ 2% and S5- Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrops (PPFM) @ 1 % and control as farmer practices. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher leaf area (9.88 cm2), leaf area index (15.36), chlorophyll a (0.89 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.66 mg/) and total chlorophyll (1.80 mg/g), relative water content (74.41%) and fresh herbage yield (840.18g) in the treatment D1S3 (Humic acid + Panchagavya @3 %). Quality parameters like essential oil (0.19%) and oleoresin (2.86%) were significantly higher in the treatment D1S4 (Humic acid + sea weed extract).
{"title":"Influence of Soil Drenching and Foliar Application of Biostimulants on Physiological and Quality Parameters in Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii Spreng.)","authors":"M. Chinnapappa, A. Ramar, S. Manickam, S. Velmurugan, V. Ravichandran, K. Bhuvaneswari","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430807","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil drenching and foliar application of different biostimulants on physiological and quality parameters of curry leaf (Murraya Koenigii Spreng.) at Karamadai, Coimbatore during 2019 to 2021. This study was laid out in factorial randomized block design with control, factor 1 as soil drenching (D1- humic acid @ 5 ml/plant and D2- jeevamrutham @ 50 ml/plant), factor 2 as foliar spray of different biostimulants (S1- Effective microorganism culture @ 2 %, S2- Egg amino acid @ 1%, S3-Panchagavya @ 3%, S4- Sea weed extract @ 2% and S5- Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrops (PPFM) @ 1 % and control as farmer practices. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher leaf area (9.88 cm2), leaf area index (15.36), chlorophyll a (0.89 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.66 mg/) and total chlorophyll (1.80 mg/g), relative water content (74.41%) and fresh herbage yield (840.18g) in the treatment D1S3 (Humic acid + Panchagavya @3 %). Quality parameters like essential oil (0.19%) and oleoresin (2.86%) were significantly higher in the treatment D1S4 (Humic acid + sea weed extract).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80629599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430808
Sabia Akhter, N. A. Dar, A. Nabi, Vaseem Yousuf, Rafiya Munshi, Khurshid Ahmad Sofi, M. Nadeem, R. Jan, I. Farooq, Khurshid Ahmad Zargar
Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four successive years of 2018, 2019, 2020and 2021on the farmers field. The farmers were selected from different villages of the district Budgam. The variety SR-4 was used in the demonstrated plots atfarmers’ field where different field operations were carried out according to the package of practices of SKUAST-K. During the FLD programme the average seed yield of SR-4 during the four years was 85q/hain demonstrated fields as compared to50.5q/ha seed obtained from the local check (China-1039).The average technology gap over the four years was found to be 2.08q/ha and extension gap 34.56q/ha. The average technology index was 3.18 per cent. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,30,013 ha-1), net returns (89,637.5 ha-1) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.22 were found in demonstrated fields as compared to 1.38 in case of local check. The higher yield is attributed to the introduction of newly released SKUAST K high yielding variety of rice (SR-4).
{"title":"Performance of Shalimar Rice-4 (SR -4) underFront Line Demonstration Programme in DistrictBudgam, of Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Sabia Akhter, N. A. Dar, A. Nabi, Vaseem Yousuf, Rafiya Munshi, Khurshid Ahmad Sofi, M. Nadeem, R. Jan, I. Farooq, Khurshid Ahmad Zargar","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430808","url":null,"abstract":"Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four successive years of 2018, 2019, 2020and 2021on the farmers field. The farmers were selected from different villages of the district Budgam. The variety SR-4 was used in the demonstrated plots atfarmers’ field where different field operations were carried out according to the package of practices of SKUAST-K. During the FLD programme the average seed yield of SR-4 during the four years was 85q/hain demonstrated fields as compared to50.5q/ha seed obtained from the local check (China-1039).The average technology gap over the four years was found to be 2.08q/ha and extension gap 34.56q/ha. The average technology index was 3.18 per cent. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,30,013 ha-1), net returns (89,637.5 ha-1) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.22 were found in demonstrated fields as compared to 1.38 in case of local check. The higher yield is attributed to the introduction of newly released SKUAST K high yielding variety of rice (SR-4).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81358906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430805
P. Udayababu, S. Zacharia
In vitro compatibility of selected entomopathogenic fungi with botanicals and chemical insecticides at field recommended concentrations Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, Spinosad 45 SC, neem oil and NSKE were non-toxic to the test strain M.anisopliae (Ma-L-1) as they did not show significant reduction in radial growth. The insecticide dichlorvos 76 EC (DDVP) recorded 100 per cent reduction in radial growth of test strains at field recommended concentration. The joint action of microbial agents (bacteria, viruses and fungi) revealed that the combination of pathogens did not prove superior to individual effect. All the combination of entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae (Ma-L-1) strain with microbial agents were within the critical limits of additive effect and combination with insecticides viz., Spinosad 45 SC @0.009%, neem oil 5% and NSKE 5%, which produced the synergism reaction.
{"title":"In vitro Compatibility and Efficacy Studies of Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsh.) with Commonly used Biorational and Chemical Pesticides against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)","authors":"P. Udayababu, S. Zacharia","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430805","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro compatibility of selected entomopathogenic fungi with botanicals and chemical insecticides at field recommended concentrations Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, Spinosad 45 SC, neem oil and NSKE were non-toxic to the test strain M.anisopliae (Ma-L-1) as they did not show significant reduction in radial growth. The insecticide dichlorvos 76 EC (DDVP) recorded 100 per cent reduction in radial growth of test strains at field recommended concentration. The joint action of microbial agents (bacteria, viruses and fungi) revealed that the combination of pathogens did not prove superior to individual effect. All the combination of entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae (Ma-L-1) strain with microbial agents were within the critical limits of additive effect and combination with insecticides viz., Spinosad 45 SC @0.009%, neem oil 5% and NSKE 5%, which produced the synergism reaction.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75605792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：