Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019597
Jillian Lauren Toppings, Thomas D. Ferguson, O. Krigolson
Stress has been defined in many ways but is typically a response to a change in the body’s current state. Stress affects decision-making, and the effects of stress on processes involved in decision-making can be indirectly measured through EEG. The purpose of this study was to investigate how acute stress affects sub-processes involved in decision-making. We hypothesized that acute stress would affect how individuals respond to rewards and pay attention to environmental changes. Stress was physiologically present in the stress condition group, as seen in a mean increased heart rate compared to the control condition group. The stress condition group reported being more subjectively stressed than the control group, seen in STAI and PANAS questionnaire decreased positive and increased negative affect scores compared to the control group. For neural responses, while insignificant, there was a trend towards being less sensitive to environmental changes (attentional sensitivity; P300 component activity) in the stress condition, but no significant changes for reward sensitivity. Further research is needed to explore the implications for reward sensitivity that utilizes multiple tasks and includes cortisol measurement. Stress is common to everyday life and has been implicated chronically in numerous health conditions. Understanding how stress affects executive function, particularly decision-making, is therefore crucial in both the shortand long-term, as demonstrated by the initial findings of this study.
{"title":"The Effects of Acute Stress on the Neural Correlates of Decision-Making","authors":"Jillian Lauren Toppings, Thomas D. Ferguson, O. Krigolson","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019597","url":null,"abstract":"Stress has been defined in many ways but is typically a response to a change in the body’s current state. Stress affects decision-making, and the effects of stress on processes involved in decision-making can be indirectly measured through EEG. The purpose of this study was to investigate how acute stress affects sub-processes involved in decision-making. We hypothesized that acute stress would affect how individuals respond to rewards and pay attention to environmental changes. Stress was physiologically present in the stress condition group, as seen in a mean increased heart rate compared to the control condition group. The stress condition group reported being more subjectively stressed than the control group, seen in STAI and PANAS questionnaire decreased positive and increased negative affect scores compared to the control group. For neural responses, while insignificant, there was a trend towards being less sensitive to environmental changes (attentional sensitivity; P300 component activity) in the stress condition, but no significant changes for reward sensitivity. Further research is needed to explore the implications for reward sensitivity that utilizes multiple tasks and includes cortisol measurement. Stress is common to everyday life and has been implicated chronically in numerous health conditions. Understanding how stress affects executive function, particularly decision-making, is therefore crucial in both the shortand long-term, as demonstrated by the initial findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120874642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019560
J. Ruszel
Indonesian artist activist Arahmaiani’s art installations and performances combine western and non-western cultural elements in such a way as to highlight the role of capitalist globalization as an exploitative and destructive neo-colonial force in places like Indonesia. Beginning in the 1990s, Arahmaiani’s work featured a Coca-Cola bottle in a prominent position, emphasizing the effects of commodification and Americanization on indigenous and non-western cultures. Her work is always intersectional, connecting injustices linked to patriarchy, class, and environmental destruction to global political and economic structures in ways not typical of western liberal human rights discourses, such as that demonstrated by academic Lucinda Peach in her own human rights critique. Arahmaiani’s work thus serves as a stark contrast to western liberal human rights discourse that urges academics and activists to redirect their gaze away from the cultural idiosyncrasies of non-western nations towards the western roots of global structures of inequality.
{"title":"The Missing Coke Bottle","authors":"J. Ruszel","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019560","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian artist activist Arahmaiani’s art installations and performances combine western and non-western cultural elements in such a way as to highlight the role of capitalist globalization as an exploitative and destructive neo-colonial force in places like Indonesia. Beginning in the 1990s, Arahmaiani’s work featured a Coca-Cola bottle in a prominent position, emphasizing the effects of commodification and Americanization on indigenous and non-western cultures. Her work is always intersectional, connecting injustices linked to patriarchy, class, and environmental destruction to global political and economic structures in ways not typical of western liberal human rights discourses, such as that demonstrated by academic Lucinda Peach in her own human rights critique. Arahmaiani’s work thus serves as a stark contrast to western liberal human rights discourse that urges academics and activists to redirect their gaze away from the cultural idiosyncrasies of non-western nations towards the western roots of global structures of inequality.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126763971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019591
Emma Ronayne
Adolescent pregnancy in youth aged 10-19 years is associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes for both the mother and infant than adult pregnancy. Obesity and immature pelvic growth compound the associated risks of adolescent pregnancy. Black and Indigenous youth in the United States (U.S.) experience disproportionately high rates of adolescent pregnancy and obesity. This research project aimed to answer two questions: (1) What are the contributing risks of pelvic immaturity and obesity on adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, especially in the U.S.?; and (2) Why are Black and Indigenous youth at particular risk of adolescent pregnancy and obesity in the U.S.? In this research project, I have conducted statistical analyses of biological and sociocultural factors associated with adolescent pregnancy using the CDC WONDER database, and I have used case studies and ethnographic accounts to gain insight on Black and Indigenous youth experiences with adolescent pregnancy. In this paper I examine the racial disparities in rates of adolescent pregnancy, obesity, and adverse outcomes in the U.S. My paper contributes research to a current public health issue by using an integrative biocultural approach.
{"title":"Immature Pelvic Growth and Obesity","authors":"Emma Ronayne","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019591","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent pregnancy in youth aged 10-19 years is associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes for both the mother and infant than adult pregnancy. Obesity and immature pelvic growth compound the associated risks of adolescent pregnancy. Black and Indigenous youth in the United States (U.S.) experience disproportionately high rates of adolescent pregnancy and obesity. This research project aimed to answer two questions: (1) What are the contributing risks of pelvic immaturity and obesity on adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, especially in the U.S.?; and (2) Why are Black and Indigenous youth at particular risk of adolescent pregnancy and obesity in the U.S.? In this research project, I have conducted statistical analyses of biological and sociocultural factors associated with adolescent pregnancy using the CDC WONDER database, and I have used case studies and ethnographic accounts to gain insight on Black and Indigenous youth experiences with adolescent pregnancy. In this paper I examine the racial disparities in rates of adolescent pregnancy, obesity, and adverse outcomes in the U.S. My paper contributes research to a current public health issue by using an integrative biocultural approach.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114211089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019612
James S. J. Choi
Different diet-based approaches have been studied as potential adjuvants to standard cancer therapies in human clinical trials. However, these diets have been shown to have complications such as non-compliance and adverse side effects. This paper investigates four different types of diet-based approaches used in human clinical trials and compares their complications. The four diet-based approaches evaluated in this paper are ketogenic diet (KD), protein restriction, fasting and fasting mimicking diets (FMD), and combined interventions. Research shows that KDs have large reports of non-compliance from subjects, with subjects also experiencing significant weight loss, constipation, and fatigue. Protein restriction diets have greater levels of adherence from subjects but may lead to harmful hematological toxicities. Fasting and FMD showed greater adherence than subjects on KDs, and lower toxicities than subjects on protein restriction diets, but had a greater number of complaints of headaches, hunger, and dizziness. Finally, combined interventions have the fewest reports of side effects and non-compliance but suffer from a limited number of case studies. Given these results, diet-based interventions require further research to minimize side effects and non-compliance before becoming an accepted adjuvant to standard cancer therapy.
{"title":"Diet-Based Interventions Against Cancer","authors":"James S. J. Choi","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019612","url":null,"abstract":"Different diet-based approaches have been studied as potential adjuvants to standard cancer therapies in human clinical trials. However, these diets have been shown to have complications such as non-compliance and adverse side effects. This paper investigates four different types of diet-based approaches used in human clinical trials and compares their complications. The four diet-based approaches evaluated in this paper are ketogenic diet (KD), protein restriction, fasting and fasting mimicking diets (FMD), and combined interventions. Research shows that KDs have large reports of non-compliance from subjects, with subjects also experiencing significant weight loss, constipation, and fatigue. Protein restriction diets have greater levels of adherence from subjects but may lead to harmful hematological toxicities. Fasting and FMD showed greater adherence than subjects on KDs, and lower toxicities than subjects on protein restriction diets, but had a greater number of complaints of headaches, hunger, and dizziness. Finally, combined interventions have the fewest reports of side effects and non-compliance but suffer from a limited number of case studies. Given these results, diet-based interventions require further research to minimize side effects and non-compliance before becoming an accepted adjuvant to standard cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019604
M. E. Cortina-Castro, Karen M. Kobayashi
The Canadian government co-manages the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) with the governments of Mexico and 11 Caribbean countries. The program brings in over 45,000 people to work on farms and in greenhouses across Canada on a temporary basis. According to a review of the literature, workers’ experiences under the SAWP are mainly characterized by poor living and working conditions, discrimination, and abuse (Binford, 2019; Choudry & Thomas, 2013; Strauss & McGrath, 2017). Using the province of British Columbia (BC) as a case example, this paper explores the lived experiences of Mexican seasonal agricultural workers in BC. In-depth interview data were collected and analyzed from six workers who were recruited using quota and snowball sampling techniques. The findings indicate that workers’ experiences have complex and intersecting political and racialized dimensions. Implications for policy and program changes are discussed.
{"title":"Temporary Workers, (Im)Permanent Labour","authors":"M. E. Cortina-Castro, Karen M. Kobayashi","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019604","url":null,"abstract":"The Canadian government co-manages the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) with the governments of Mexico and 11 Caribbean countries. The program brings in over 45,000 people to work on farms and in greenhouses across Canada on a temporary basis. According to a review of the literature, workers’ experiences under the SAWP are mainly characterized by poor living and working conditions, discrimination, and abuse (Binford, 2019; Choudry & Thomas, 2013; Strauss & McGrath, 2017). Using the province of British Columbia (BC) as a case example, this paper explores the lived experiences of Mexican seasonal agricultural workers in BC. In-depth interview data were collected and analyzed from six workers who were recruited using quota and snowball sampling techniques. The findings indicate that workers’ experiences have complex and intersecting political and racialized dimensions. Implications for policy and program changes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114024744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18357/tar111202019324
Seren Micheal Friskie
This paper describes the power of storytelling in the context of an Indigenous youth collective, whichgathers each week to share their lived experiences and learn song, dance, and lessons through story. Ibegin with my own life narrative followed by an exploration of how the intergenerational transmissionof historical trauma has left many Indigenous youth searching for a connection to their culture. I thendiscuss research that reveals the importance of cultural continuity, self-determination, and engagementin the community to the healing journey of Indigenous youth. Next, I consider oral storytelling as onemethod of knowledge delivery, utilized by Indigenous Nations for thousands of years, that seamlesslyblends cultural learning and thus connection to identity. I detail the creation of a Youth StorytellingCircle which centres teachings from the Stó:lō, Haida, Nisga’a, Salish, and Popkum Coast Salish Nationssurrounding the shores and rainforests of what is now British Columbia. I conclude with reasons whyengaging youth in their wellbeing through traditional practices is of high importance to us all as Indigenouscommunity members.
{"title":"The Healing Power of Storytelling: Finding Identity Through Narrative","authors":"Seren Micheal Friskie","doi":"10.18357/tar111202019324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar111202019324","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the power of storytelling in the context of an Indigenous youth collective, whichgathers each week to share their lived experiences and learn song, dance, and lessons through story. Ibegin with my own life narrative followed by an exploration of how the intergenerational transmissionof historical trauma has left many Indigenous youth searching for a connection to their culture. I thendiscuss research that reveals the importance of cultural continuity, self-determination, and engagementin the community to the healing journey of Indigenous youth. Next, I consider oral storytelling as onemethod of knowledge delivery, utilized by Indigenous Nations for thousands of years, that seamlesslyblends cultural learning and thus connection to identity. I detail the creation of a Youth StorytellingCircle which centres teachings from the Stó:lō, Haida, Nisga’a, Salish, and Popkum Coast Salish Nationssurrounding the shores and rainforests of what is now British Columbia. I conclude with reasons whyengaging youth in their wellbeing through traditional practices is of high importance to us all as Indigenouscommunity members.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18357/tar111202019347
H. Matheson
This article explores my personal journey as an urban Cree and social work student at the University of British Columbia (UBC). From this positionality, I reflect on what it means to Indigenize social work by privileging personal and professional identity, including ceremony and spirituality, as integral to the ways we interact with others, particularly between Indigenous Peoples. I offer my own journey connecting to my identity as an urban Cree person through working with Indigenous plant medicines. In particular, I will highlight my experiences at xwc̓ic̓əsəm—a garden on the stolen and ancestral territories of the xwməθkwəy̓əm [Musqueam] people. Also known as the Indigenous Health Research and Education Garden at the UBC Farm, xwc̓ic̓əsəm means “the place where we grow” in hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓. xwc̓ic̓əsəm embodies a space where Indigenous Peoples can connect with both human and plant relatives to share stories, engage with traditional medicines, and heal in a space by us and for us.
这篇文章探讨了我在不列颠哥伦比亚大学(UBC)作为一名城市克里和社会工作专业学生的个人经历。从这一定位出发，我思考了将个人和职业身份，包括仪式和精神，作为我们与他人互动方式，特别是与土著人民互动方式的一部分，将社会工作本土化意味着什么。我提供我自己的旅程，通过与土著植物药物的合作，将我作为一个城市克里人的身份联系起来。特别是，我将重点介绍我在xwm æ θkw æ y æ æ m [musquam]人的被盗和祖先领土上的xwm æ θkw æ y æ æ m花园的经历。也被称为UBC农场的土著健康研究和教育花园，xwc niic nis nim在h æ n niq nik nim nim中的意思是“我们生长的地方”。xwc ic s m体现了一个空间，在这里，土著人民可以与人类和植物亲属联系，分享故事，使用传统药物，并在一个由我们自己和为我们自己的空间中进行治疗。
{"title":"An Urban Cree Finding Place at xʷc̓ic̓əsəm","authors":"H. Matheson","doi":"10.18357/tar111202019347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar111202019347","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores my personal journey as an urban Cree and social work student at the University of British Columbia (UBC). From this positionality, I reflect on what it means to Indigenize social work by privileging personal and professional identity, including ceremony and spirituality, as integral to the ways we interact with others, particularly between Indigenous Peoples. I offer my own journey connecting to my identity as an urban Cree person through working with Indigenous plant medicines. In particular, I will highlight my experiences at xwc̓ic̓əsəm—a garden on the stolen and ancestral territories of the xwməθkwəy̓əm [Musqueam] people. Also known as the Indigenous Health Research and Education Garden at the UBC Farm, xwc̓ic̓əsəm means “the place where we grow” in hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓. xwc̓ic̓əsəm embodies a space where Indigenous Peoples can connect with both human and plant relatives to share stories, engage with traditional medicines, and heal in a space by us and for us.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127405580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18357/tar111202019685
Kari A. B. Chew
Letter from Kari Chew, Indigenous Guest Editor.
土著客座编辑Kari Chew的来信。
{"title":"Letter from the Indigenous Guest Editor","authors":"Kari A. B. Chew","doi":"10.18357/tar111202019685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar111202019685","url":null,"abstract":"Letter from Kari Chew, Indigenous Guest Editor.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128500864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18357/tar111202019689
M. Burns
{"title":"living in the in-betweens","authors":"M. Burns","doi":"10.18357/tar111202019689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar111202019689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124454193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18357/tar111202019688
H. Matheson
What does it mean to be Native enough? I do not “self-identify” I am identified by my family line, my kookum, a bird I am both sides, but my skin is of my father So, I am not enough to walk into ceremony without disgusted looks But not little enough to be untouched by residential school Not little enough to be untouched by intergenerational trauma Fentanyl Not little enough to be untouched by smudge Sweat Ceremony But not native enough to not be questioned Not enough to speak my ancestral tongue I don’t fit the settler’s stereotype But I am still not enough for my own people
{"title":"Native enough","authors":"H. Matheson","doi":"10.18357/tar111202019688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar111202019688","url":null,"abstract":"What does it mean to be Native enough? I do not “self-identify” I am identified by my family line, my kookum, a bird I am both sides, but my skin is of my father So, I am not enough to walk into ceremony without disgusted looks But not little enough to be untouched by residential school Not little enough to be untouched by intergenerational trauma Fentanyl Not little enough to be untouched by smudge Sweat Ceremony But not native enough to not be questioned Not enough to speak my ancestral tongue I don’t fit the settler’s stereotype But I am still not enough for my own people","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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