Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0012
A. Krueger
What are trade remedies? The term “trade remedies” describes those cases when it is permissible for tariffs to be raised above their bound levels under GATT/WTO rules. As described in Chapter 11, under GATT/WTO auspices members have agreed in MTNs to gain...
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Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0021
A. Krueger
What is the political economy of trade policy? Many government policies have both a political and an economic aspect. That is true of social security, housing policy, farm policy, support for research, and much more. In all of these cases, the economics of the...
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Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0019
A. Krueger
How did China change? In 1982, China was an extremely impoverished developing country with such sluggish growth that it is arguable whether living standards had risen at all in the previous several decades. China had been virtually irrelevant in the international economy: it had...
{"title":"China","authors":"A. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"How did China change?\u0000 \u0000In 1982, China was an extremely impoverished developing country with such sluggish growth that it is arguable whether living standards had risen at all in the previous several decades. China had been virtually irrelevant in the international economy: it had...","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76669325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0004
A. Krueger
Why do economists support free trade? There is free trade when residents have the same freedom to buy and sell abroad as they do at home. That does not mean that individuals can buy everything without restriction. Items such as narcotics and firearms from...
{"title":"The Case for Free Trade","authors":"A. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Why do economists support free trade?\u0000 \u0000There is free trade when residents have the same freedom to buy and sell abroad as they do at home. That does not mean that individuals can buy everything without restriction. Items such as narcotics and firearms from...","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72621518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0018
A. Krueger
Are developing countries different? Prior to the Second World War, there were advanced countries, there were planned economies, including the Soviet Union, and there were very poor countries. Most of the those in the last category were colonies of one of the advanced countries...
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Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0014
A. Krueger
What are preferential trading arrangements? The GATT/WTO articles call for nondiscrimination among trading partners. But as mentioned earlier, Article 24 provides for an exception. Countries may enter into a preferential trading arrangement (PTA) under conditions described later. Many PTAs are now in force around...
{"title":"Preferential Trading Arrangements","authors":"A. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"What are preferential trading arrangements?\u0000 \u0000The GATT/WTO articles call for nondiscrimination among trading partners. But as mentioned earlier, Article 24 provides for an exception. Countries may enter into a preferential trading arrangement (PTA) under conditions described later. Many PTAs are now in force around...","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0013
A. Krueger
What are gray areas? Gray areas are ones in which valid motives for protection against imports exist but in which there is also scope and opportunity for domestic producers to argue for unwarranted protection. Public sympathy with the stated motive (e.g., environmental concerns) or...
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Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0022
A. Krueger
There is no doubt that intensifying trade links among the countries of the world have played an important, and largely beneficial, role in the evolution of the world economy. The open multilateral trading system that emerged and strengthened after the Second World War led...
{"title":"The Future of International Trade","authors":"A. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There is no doubt that intensifying trade links among the countries of the world have played an important, and largely beneficial, role in the evolution of the world economy. The open multilateral trading system that emerged and strengthened after the Second World War led...","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81540372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0002
A. Krueger
Why are special policies needed for trade? In all countries, there are laws and regulations affecting private economic activity. They are necessary to enable private economic activity to thrive, as well as to provide for honesty in information, consumer protection, and much more. Laws...
{"title":"Trade Policy","authors":"A. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Why are special policies needed for trade?\u0000 \u0000In all countries, there are laws and regulations affecting private economic activity. They are necessary to enable private economic activity to thrive, as well as to provide for honesty in information, consumer protection, and much more. Laws...","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"426 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76830540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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