{"title":"Japan and the World Economy","authors":"Nigel Grimwade","doi":"10.4324/9781003060079-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003060079-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86846133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_1
Nigel Grimwade
{"title":"The Changing Structure of World Output and Trade","authors":"Nigel Grimwade","doi":"10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_5
Nigel Grimwade
{"title":"More Recent Forms of International Economic Involvement","authors":"Nigel Grimwade","doi":"10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78200038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_4
Nigel Grimwade
{"title":"Multinational Companies and World Trade","authors":"Nigel Grimwade","doi":"10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203401668_CHAPTER_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76992998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.4324/9780203401668_chapter_2
Nigel Grimwade
{"title":"Basic Theories of International Trade","authors":"Nigel Grimwade","doi":"10.4324/9780203401668_chapter_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203401668_chapter_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the contemporary prominence of international organizations (IOs), their ontological status largely remains nebulous. Traditional international relations (IR) theories tend to regard an IO mainly as an instrument created to serve powerful states’ interests (neorealism) or to facilitate interstate cooperation on certain regulatory areas (neoliberal institutionalism). Therefore, those theories hardly offer a satisfactory explanation of a distinctive mode of IOs’ identity-forming process, in which a particular IO, as a separate and autonomous organic entity, grows, evolves and eventually makes sense of its own existence. This Article offers a novel perspective that attempts to overcome the aforementioned theoretical deficiency. Drawing on the identity theory in psychology, this new perspective captures an IO’s internal normative development in which one can witness a dynamic process of identity formation. The Article argues that based on its autonomy qua organization, and not merely as an instrument of states, an IO forms its unique legal identity as it experiences a normative crisis in a similar way in which a human individual does. An IO discovers its genuine identity only after it achieves a necessary level of institutional maturity as a result of incessant legal interactions and communications with its environment. The Article tests this new framework by applying it to the World Trade Organization (WTO).
{"title":"An International Organization's Identity Crisis","authors":"Sungjoon Cho","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.968433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.968433","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the contemporary prominence of international organizations (IOs), their ontological status largely remains nebulous. Traditional international relations (IR) theories tend to regard an IO mainly as an instrument created to serve powerful states’ interests (neorealism) or to facilitate interstate cooperation on certain regulatory areas (neoliberal institutionalism). Therefore, those theories hardly offer a satisfactory explanation of a distinctive mode of IOs’ identity-forming process, in which a particular IO, as a separate and autonomous organic entity, grows, evolves and eventually makes sense of its own existence. This Article offers a novel perspective that attempts to overcome the aforementioned theoretical deficiency. Drawing on the identity theory in psychology, this new perspective captures an IO’s internal normative development in which one can witness a dynamic process of identity formation. The Article argues that based on its autonomy qua organization, and not merely as an instrument of states, an IO forms its unique legal identity as it experiences a normative crisis in a similar way in which a human individual does. An IO discovers its genuine identity only after it achieves a necessary level of institutional maturity as a result of incessant legal interactions and communications with its environment. The Article tests this new framework by applying it to the World Trade Organization (WTO).","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78321472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study looks at the major economic linkages explaining real GDP correlations for 51 countries including 27 emerging markets for the 1970-2008 period. The GMM-IV and 3SLS simultaneous equation models show that trade integration, especially in the form of intra-industry trade, and similarity in economic structures are the most important determinants of output correlations. On average, global financial integration has no significant effect on output synchronization. However, for developed country pairs and developed and emerging market pairs, financial integration lowers business cycle synchronization, whereas for emerging markets, financial integration increases synchronization. There are strong indirect effects from financial openness to trade integration and structural convergence. In addition, FTA membership, trade partner diversification, differences in fiscal spending, and stability of bilateral exchange rates increase output correlations. Similar oil import dependencies increase synchronization primarily among developed country pairs.
{"title":"Multiple Determinants of Business Cycle Synchronization","authors":"Çiğdem Akın","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1022648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1022648","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at the major economic linkages explaining real GDP correlations for 51 countries including 27 emerging markets for the 1970-2008 period. The GMM-IV and 3SLS simultaneous equation models show that trade integration, especially in the form of intra-industry trade, and similarity in economic structures are the most important determinants of output correlations. On average, global financial integration has no significant effect on output synchronization. However, for developed country pairs and developed and emerging market pairs, financial integration lowers business cycle synchronization, whereas for emerging markets, financial integration increases synchronization. There are strong indirect effects from financial openness to trade integration and structural convergence. In addition, FTA membership, trade partner diversification, differences in fiscal spending, and stability of bilateral exchange rates increase output correlations. Similar oil import dependencies increase synchronization primarily among developed country pairs.","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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