Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621
Julie Hutcheson, Mike Popovich, R. Packard
This program reached a milestone in 2018 which marked the tenth consecutive year of conducting training and exercises. The MassDEP GRP Field Testing and First Responder Training began in 2009 and since then, 66 field exercises have been conducted throughout coastal Massachusetts with over 1,700 first responders trained to date. Beyond the obvious enhancement of overall response capability and capacity at the local, state and federal levels, this long-term HSEEP-compliant training and exercise program has resulted in numerous improvements in both intra and inter-town operational coordination and communication, as well as enhancements to the pre-positioned equipment caches and training delivery and content.
{"title":"Massachusetts DEP Marine Oil Spill Prevention and Response Program: Geographic Response Plan Development, Testing, and Training Program","authors":"Julie Hutcheson, Mike Popovich, R. Packard","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This program reached a milestone in 2018 which marked the tenth consecutive year of conducting training and exercises. The MassDEP GRP Field Testing and First Responder Training began in 2009 and since then, 66 field exercises have been conducted throughout coastal Massachusetts with over 1,700 first responders trained to date. Beyond the obvious enhancement of overall response capability and capacity at the local, state and federal levels, this long-term HSEEP-compliant training and exercise program has resulted in numerous improvements in both intra and inter-town operational coordination and communication, as well as enhancements to the pre-positioned equipment caches and training delivery and content.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87427971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141649
Sierra Fletcher, Tim L. Robertson, B. Higman, Hans Petter Dahlslett, Ø. Aarnes
• Gaps in observational data coverage • Multiple years of consistently sourced data are preferred; but not always available • Datasets must have consistent timescale and geographic coverage • A changing climate begs the question of how many years of past data are relevant to planning for the future and/or the need for periodic updates Determining response limitations requires identifying the response systems of interest, including general specifications regarding the equipment used and the response platform (vessel or aircraft).
{"title":"Understanding Response Options in the Context of Historical Weather – Mapping a Methodology","authors":"Sierra Fletcher, Tim L. Robertson, B. Higman, Hans Petter Dahlslett, Ø. Aarnes","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141649","url":null,"abstract":"• Gaps in observational data coverage • Multiple years of consistently sourced data are preferred; but not always available • Datasets must have consistent timescale and geographic coverage • A changing climate begs the question of how many years of past data are relevant to planning for the future and/or the need for periodic updates Determining response limitations requires identifying the response systems of interest, including general specifications regarding the equipment used and the response platform (vessel or aircraft).","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82454589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.711543
Joe C. Bowles, Carmine Dulisse
As the performance of Industry improves and spills decrease, SMTs, OSROs, Regulators, and Oil and Gas Operators are all facing a lack of direct experience and knowledge when it comes to spill response. The recruiting and grooming of elite Responders for a large response organization is further challenged by a tight labor market that is increasingly occupied by a generation that demands accelerated advancement and growth. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) is taking a new approach to identify, develop and retain Responder competencies and proficiencies, and to offer a career/development path in the absence of actual incidents. The first element of this program provides a clear path for professional growth to satisfy the growing desire for advancement by replacing a time-based promotion system with one that is focused on performance. The second element requires a consistent methodology and framework of evaluation to ensure employees in a nationwide organization are measured and evaluated using the same standards. Replacing the focus on hard skills with soft skills during talent acquisition “fit factor” when hiring new Responders sets the tone for growth. The hard skills are easier to teach and develop, while soft skills like learning curiosity, collaboration, effective communication, problem solving, and decision making are the differentiators that shape an elite Responder. Removing the emphasis on spill experience and replacing it with well-defined competency models that define abilities which can be demonstrated outside of spill incidents is essential to fostering professional growth in a Responder. These competencies include the technical skills that are required by each position and emphasize leadership abilities, teamwork, and commitment. Metrics and expectations must be defined at the right level of detail to provide Responders with the opportunity during steady state operations to demonstrate abilities in a variety of scenarios that mirror those needed in spill response.
{"title":"Building an Elite Force of Spill Responders in a World with Few Spill Response Opportunities","authors":"Joe C. Bowles, Carmine Dulisse","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.711543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.711543","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the performance of Industry improves and spills decrease, SMTs, OSROs, Regulators, and Oil and Gas Operators are all facing a lack of direct experience and knowledge when it comes to spill response. The recruiting and grooming of elite Responders for a large response organization is further challenged by a tight labor market that is increasingly occupied by a generation that demands accelerated advancement and growth. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) is taking a new approach to identify, develop and retain Responder competencies and proficiencies, and to offer a career/development path in the absence of actual incidents.\u0000 The first element of this program provides a clear path for professional growth to satisfy the growing desire for advancement by replacing a time-based promotion system with one that is focused on performance. The second element requires a consistent methodology and framework of evaluation to ensure employees in a nationwide organization are measured and evaluated using the same standards. Replacing the focus on hard skills with soft skills during talent acquisition “fit factor” when hiring new Responders sets the tone for growth. The hard skills are easier to teach and develop, while soft skills like learning curiosity, collaboration, effective communication, problem solving, and decision making are the differentiators that shape an elite Responder.\u0000 Removing the emphasis on spill experience and replacing it with well-defined competency models that define abilities which can be demonstrated outside of spill incidents is essential to fostering professional growth in a Responder. These competencies include the technical skills that are required by each position and emphasize leadership abilities, teamwork, and commitment. Metrics and expectations must be defined at the right level of detail to provide Responders with the opportunity during steady state operations to demonstrate abilities in a variety of scenarios that mirror those needed in spill response.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74496232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.684446
J. Gravenmier, G. McGowan
The availability of integrated remote sensing platforms and digital data collection and sharing tools is changing spill response. These tools facilitate a more effective and rapid decision-making process that can increase resource protection, improve responder safety, and reduce response costs. Early detection and response are a key to preventing smaller incidents from becoming larger. A variety of innovative tools now exist or are in development that could assist facilities and responders in the early stages and throughout an incident event to reduce human, environmental, and economic impacts. Real time field data collection for key parameters such as oil thickness and trajectory, SCAT data, oiled wildlife details, and resources at risk identification, allows for more robust data to be shared rapidly throughout the response operation. This information facilitates more effectively targeted deployment and re-deployment of human and mechanical response assets, and more immediate assessment of both environmental impacts and cleanup progress. Auto-population of incident command system forms as well as better document sharing and document retention through remote and cloud-based file saving platforms can improve the administrative and functional aspects of the response, contributing to enhanced efficiency. The ability to identify and effectively respond to rapidly changing circumstances provides the Unified Command with new tools to make better decisions and keep the public informed of progress. This paper considers new and emerging technologies as they may be applied to the work in a unified command setting, and how they may allow us to compress the operational period for decision-making and action, more accurately and more rapidly understand and share the spill response status, and how we may be able to enhance responder safety and recognize cost savings. We also consider some inherent risks associated with reliance on integrated technologies and digital information and will offer suggestions for drills and exercises to test and optimize these tools.
{"title":"Incident Command Futurism","authors":"J. Gravenmier, G. McGowan","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.684446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.684446","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The availability of integrated remote sensing platforms and digital data collection and sharing tools is changing spill response. These tools facilitate a more effective and rapid decision-making process that can increase resource protection, improve responder safety, and reduce response costs. Early detection and response are a key to preventing smaller incidents from becoming larger. A variety of innovative tools now exist or are in development that could assist facilities and responders in the early stages and throughout an incident event to reduce human, environmental, and economic impacts. Real time field data collection for key parameters such as oil thickness and trajectory, SCAT data, oiled wildlife details, and resources at risk identification, allows for more robust data to be shared rapidly throughout the response operation. This information facilitates more effectively targeted deployment and re-deployment of human and mechanical response assets, and more immediate assessment of both environmental impacts and cleanup progress. Auto-population of incident command system forms as well as better document sharing and document retention through remote and cloud-based file saving platforms can improve the administrative and functional aspects of the response, contributing to enhanced efficiency. The ability to identify and effectively respond to rapidly changing circumstances provides the Unified Command with new tools to make better decisions and keep the public informed of progress. This paper considers new and emerging technologies as they may be applied to the work in a unified command setting, and how they may allow us to compress the operational period for decision-making and action, more accurately and more rapidly understand and share the spill response status, and how we may be able to enhance responder safety and recognize cost savings. We also consider some inherent risks associated with reliance on integrated technologies and digital information and will offer suggestions for drills and exercises to test and optimize these tools.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76103907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141680
D. Chenault, Justin P. Vaden
The Pyxis camera is a polarized thermal infrared sensor that provides area detection at all times of day in a variety of conditions. It exploits the difference in oil and water material properties rather than temperature differences and is therefore far more robust for detection and false alarm rejection. It is small and has been integrated with drones, mounted at fixed sites, and used as a handheld for spill detection and monitoring. Pyxis has been tested extensively at Ohmsett and successfully demonstrated for oil detection at the MC20 site and at Santa Barbara in both manned and unmanned aircraft. Pyxis has now been integrated into the Polarization Oil Detection System (PODS) for autonomous oil spill detection and monitoring. PODS essentially operates as a web camera and continuously monitors the user defined area for oil entering the scene while adapting to changing environmental conditions. PODS is well-suited for monitoring fixed sites at processing or transfer points, unmanned rigs and platforms, and along waterways and pipelines.
{"title":"Continuous Oil Spill Remote Sensing and Autonomous Monitoring","authors":"D. Chenault, Justin P. Vaden","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141680","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Pyxis camera is a polarized thermal infrared sensor that provides area detection at all times of day in a variety of conditions. It exploits the difference in oil and water material properties rather than temperature differences and is therefore far more robust for detection and false alarm rejection. It is small and has been integrated with drones, mounted at fixed sites, and used as a handheld for spill detection and monitoring. Pyxis has been tested extensively at Ohmsett and successfully demonstrated for oil detection at the MC20 site and at Santa Barbara in both manned and unmanned aircraft.\u0000 Pyxis has now been integrated into the Polarization Oil Detection System (PODS) for autonomous oil spill detection and monitoring. PODS essentially operates as a web camera and continuously monitors the user defined area for oil entering the scene while adapting to changing environmental conditions. PODS is well-suited for monitoring fixed sites at processing or transfer points, unmanned rigs and platforms, and along waterways and pipelines.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76135309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.688625
Ann B Cormier
Addressing the underwater dielectric fluid leaks, this paper presents case studies and recommendations based on extensive response actions. Dielectric fluid leaks that occur underwater are significantly more challenging due to their dispersing properties in water which make these spills significantly more difficult to assess and cleanup. After distilling information from past case studies, it was determined that the success of a dielectric spill response depends on three variables: the amount of time until completion, damage to natural resources, and the cost. Although every incident poses its unique challenges and variables, this research highlights overarching best practices that can be applied to future spills. The analysis focuses on notification, discovery methods, sampling strategy, potential toxicity, effective clean-up strategies, and clean-up endpoints. The research concludes by acknowledging that these spills will be reoccurring until upgrades and increased maintenance is completed on aging U.S. electrical infrastructure.
{"title":"Response Guide: Understanding Underwater Electric Transmission Line Dielectric Oil Leaks","authors":"Ann B Cormier","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.688625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.688625","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Addressing the underwater dielectric fluid leaks, this paper presents case studies and recommendations based on extensive response actions. Dielectric fluid leaks that occur underwater are significantly more challenging due to their dispersing properties in water which make these spills significantly more difficult to assess and cleanup. After distilling information from past case studies, it was determined that the success of a dielectric spill response depends on three variables: the amount of time until completion, damage to natural resources, and the cost.\u0000 Although every incident poses its unique challenges and variables, this research highlights overarching best practices that can be applied to future spills. The analysis focuses on notification, discovery methods, sampling strategy, potential toxicity, effective clean-up strategies, and clean-up endpoints. The research concludes by acknowledging that these spills will be reoccurring until upgrades and increased maintenance is completed on aging U.S. electrical infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141297
R. Jézéquel, J. Guyomarch, J. Receveur, S. Le Floch
On 16 March 1978, the oil tanker the Amoco Cadiz, transporting 223,000 tons of crude oil and 4,000 tons of bunker fuel oil, suffered a failure of her steering mechanism and ran aground on Portsall Rocks, on the Breton coast. The entire cargo spilled out as the breakers split the vessel in two, progressively polluting 360 km of French shoreline from Brest to Saint Brieuc. This was the largest oil spill caused by a tanker grounding ever recorded in the world. The consequences of this accident were significant, and it caused the French Government to revise its oil response plan (the Polmar Plan), to acquire equipment stocks (Polmar stockpiles), to impose traffic lanes in the Channel and to create Cedre. On 12 December 1999, the tanker Erika broke up and sank off the coast of Brittany (France) leading to the spill of 20,000 tons of a heavy fuel oil. 400 km of the French Atlantic coastline were polluted. Because of the characteristics of the oil (a very heavy fuel oil with a high content of light cracking oil) and the severe weather conditions (a centennial storm with spring tides) when the oil came on shore, the Erika spill was one of the most severe accidental releases of oil along the French coastlines. All types of habitat were concerned, and pollution reached the supratidal zone affecting terrestrial vegetation and lichens. In 2019, respectively 41 years and 20 years after these major oil spills affecting the French shoreline, a sampling round was conducted at two sites recorded to present some residual traces of oil. Samples of weathered oil were collected, extracted with methylene chloride and then purified through an alumina-silica microcolumn. SARA fractionation and GC-MS analyses were performed in order to assess respectively the total degradation of the weathered oil (amount of saturates, aromatics and polar fraction) and the specific degradation of nalkanes from n-C9 to n-C40, biomarkers (such as terpanes, hopanes and steranes) and PAHs (parents and alkylated derivatives).
{"title":"Effect of long term natural weathering on oil composition: study of the 41-years-old Amoco Cadiz and 20-years-old Erika oil spills","authors":"R. Jézéquel, J. Guyomarch, J. Receveur, S. Le Floch","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141297","url":null,"abstract":"On 16 March 1978, the oil tanker the Amoco Cadiz, transporting 223,000 tons of crude oil and 4,000 tons of bunker fuel oil, suffered a failure of her steering mechanism and ran aground on Portsall Rocks, on the Breton coast. The entire cargo spilled out as the breakers split the vessel in two, progressively polluting 360 km of French shoreline from Brest to Saint Brieuc. This was the largest oil spill caused by a tanker grounding ever recorded in the world. The consequences of this accident were significant, and it caused the French Government to revise its oil response plan (the Polmar Plan), to acquire equipment stocks (Polmar stockpiles), to impose traffic lanes in the Channel and to create Cedre.\u0000 On 12 December 1999, the tanker Erika broke up and sank off the coast of Brittany (France) leading to the spill of 20,000 tons of a heavy fuel oil. 400 km of the French Atlantic coastline were polluted. Because of the characteristics of the oil (a very heavy fuel oil with a high content of light cracking oil) and the severe weather conditions (a centennial storm with spring tides) when the oil came on shore, the Erika spill was one of the most severe accidental releases of oil along the French coastlines. All types of habitat were concerned, and pollution reached the supratidal zone affecting terrestrial vegetation and lichens.\u0000 In 2019, respectively 41 years and 20 years after these major oil spills affecting the French shoreline, a sampling round was conducted at two sites recorded to present some residual traces of oil. Samples of weathered oil were collected, extracted with methylene chloride and then purified through an alumina-silica microcolumn. SARA fractionation and GC-MS analyses were performed in order to assess respectively the total degradation of the weathered oil (amount of saturates, aromatics and polar fraction) and the specific degradation of nalkanes from n-C9 to n-C40, biomarkers (such as terpanes, hopanes and steranes) and PAHs (parents and alkylated derivatives).","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74130606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689171
C. Klarmann
Cyber threats to the oil and gas industry have been existent in one form or another for as long as computing and networking systems have utilized to increase the efficiency of production and transportation operations. The number of systems that are utilizing internet-connected technology to aid the industry has risen dramatically over the past 20 years, seeing use on exploration, management of production systems, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and supply chain management. As the number of available exploits and attacks against these systems increases over time, it is more necessary than ever to ensure that cybersecurity is in facility and vessel plans. Incorporating cybersecurity measures into the existing security framework will be critical to ensuring that malicious actors do not impact communities and the environment through destructive attacks upon production and transportation. This paper will provide a look at the impact cyberattacks may have on the safe production, storage, and transportation of oil, as well as provide insight as to what industry standards and legal proposals exist to ensure that industry partners are operating securely throughout the US.
{"title":"Cybersecurity in Oil Storage and Transportation","authors":"C. Klarmann","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689171","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cyber threats to the oil and gas industry have been existent in one form or another for as long as computing and networking systems have utilized to increase the efficiency of production and transportation operations. The number of systems that are utilizing internet-connected technology to aid the industry has risen dramatically over the past 20 years, seeing use on exploration, management of production systems, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and supply chain management. As the number of available exploits and attacks against these systems increases over time, it is more necessary than ever to ensure that cybersecurity is in facility and vessel plans. Incorporating cybersecurity measures into the existing security framework will be critical to ensuring that malicious actors do not impact communities and the environment through destructive attacks upon production and transportation. This paper will provide a look at the impact cyberattacks may have on the safe production, storage, and transportation of oil, as well as provide insight as to what industry standards and legal proposals exist to ensure that industry partners are operating securely throughout the US.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"71 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77304528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687164
M. Dix, Eric W. Miller
In 2019, the International Oil Spill Conference (IOSC) passed a significant milestone in turning 50 years old. Springing from the aftermath from both the Torrey Canyon and Santa Barbara oil spills, New York City hosted the first IOSC in 1969, attracting the attention and participation of a growing body of practitioners in a particular form of emergency response. Bringing together world leaders in oil spill prevention, preparedness, response, and restoration at conferences that fostered community and technological advancement between and within the industry, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations, IOSC was the conference to attend in order to share information, identify emerging issues, and develop key contacts. With the volume of oil shipments on the rise and an increasing reliance on petroleum cargoes and fuels in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as a keener focus on the protection of natural resources, the relevance and content of the IOSC continued to grow and solidify. In looking back at the history of the conference, this paper charts the development of the IOSC event and notes the growth of the positive impacts the conference has had on the spill response community and the conference features that have expanded its attractiveness and accessibility for over 50 years.
{"title":"Fifty Years of the International Oil Spill Conference","authors":"M. Dix, Eric W. Miller","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687164","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2019, the International Oil Spill Conference (IOSC) passed a significant milestone in turning 50 years old. Springing from the aftermath from both the Torrey Canyon and Santa Barbara oil spills, New York City hosted the first IOSC in 1969, attracting the attention and participation of a growing body of practitioners in a particular form of emergency response. Bringing together world leaders in oil spill prevention, preparedness, response, and restoration at conferences that fostered community and technological advancement between and within the industry, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations, IOSC was the conference to attend in order to share information, identify emerging issues, and develop key contacts. With the volume of oil shipments on the rise and an increasing reliance on petroleum cargoes and fuels in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as a keener focus on the protection of natural resources, the relevance and content of the IOSC continued to grow and solidify. In looking back at the history of the conference, this paper charts the development of the IOSC event and notes the growth of the positive impacts the conference has had on the spill response community and the conference features that have expanded its attractiveness and accessibility for over 50 years.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78469608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141233
E. Owens, Douglas Reimer
The cargo of a double-tank truck carrying diesel and gasoline was released directly into a fast-flowing upland stream following an accident on a mountainous section of road in British Columbia (BC), Canada. High concentrations of the product were trapped in the interstitial spaces of coarse (cobble-boulder) sediments during a period of rising water levels. Almost the entire river backshore in the affected area was characterized by steep wooded slopes so that access everywhere was very difficult. These constraints for the SCAT program largely were overcome where direct backshore access was not possible using river rafts, boats (on the reservoir above the dam) and small Unmanned Aerial System (sUASs). Based on the survey results, a 4x4 Spider Walking Excavator equipped with a Universal grab on the hydraulic arm was deployed over a 2.5 km section of river immediately downstream of the accident site over a 9-day period. The grab rotated to mix the sediment or lifted and moved cobbles and boulders along the channel margin and in river bed sediments to release the oil. Swift Water Rescue personnel and river rescue response equipment were positioned with the Spider operations and the SCAT river bank surveys throughout the project, and used to scout river conditions ahead of SCAT rafting operations. Air monitoring was maintained throughout the response during all operations both along river banks as well as in the cab of the Spider while working in the river. A small UAS quadcopter was deployed to monitor the mixing activity in real time where the excavator could operate but ground access was unsafe or physically not possible. Standard SCAT practices were followed to provide the Unified Command (UC) with Shoreline Treatment Recommendation (STR) forms to guide the operations activities and once the treatment criteria were achieved STR Inspection Reports (SIRs) were submitted for approval by the UC. A downstream daily water sampling program monitored for PHs, VOCs and PAHs in the river waters during the mixing operations downstream of the operations area. At no time during the mechanical mixing activities (April 3 – 12) did the results of the analyses exceed Canadian and BC Water Quality Guidelines standards downstream past the confluence with the Salmo River and standards only were exceeded for the first few days of mechanical mixing (April 3 – April 5) during the period that the Spider was working on the upper reaches of the South Salmo.
在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的一段山区公路上发生事故后，一辆载有柴油和汽油的双油箱卡车的货物直接被释放到湍急的高地河流中。在水位上升期间，高浓度的产品被困在粗糙(鹅卵石-巨石)沉积物的间隙中。几乎整个受影响地区的河流后岸都是陡峭的树木繁茂的斜坡，因此到处都很难进入。SCAT项目的这些限制很大程度上被克服了，因为使用河筏、船只(在大坝上方的水库上)和小型无人机系统(sUASs)无法直接进入后海岸。根据调查结果，在9天的时间里，一台配备液压臂万能抓斗的4x4蜘蛛履带挖掘机被部署在事故现场下游2.5公里的河流上。抓斗旋转以混合沉积物，或提起并移动沿着河道边缘和河床沉积物中的鹅卵石和巨石，以释放石油。Swift Water Rescue人员和河流救援响应设备在整个项目中与Spider作业和SCAT河岸调查一起部署，并用于在SCAT漂流作业之前侦察河流状况。在所有作业期间，无论是在河岸上，还是在Spider的驾驶室里，都保持了空气监测。在挖掘机可以操作但地面通道不安全或物理上不可能的地方，部署了一架小型UAS四轴飞行器来实时监测混合活动。按照标准的岸线处理程序，向统一指挥部提供岸线处理建议表格，以指导作业活动，一旦达到处理标准，就向统一指挥部提交岸线处理建议检查报告，以供批准。在作业区下游的混合作业期间，下游的日常水采样项目监测了河流水中的小ph、挥发性有机化合物和多环芳烃。在机械搅拌活动期间(4月3日至12日)，分析结果没有超过加拿大和不列颠哥伦比亚省的水质准则标准，只有在机械搅拌的头几天(4月3日至4月5日)，蜘蛛在南萨尔莫河上游工作期间，分析结果才超过标准。
{"title":"Case Study of a SCAT Survey and Successful Remediation Strategy by Mechanical Mixing of a Fuel Oil Spill into a Mountain Stream","authors":"E. Owens, Douglas Reimer","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The cargo of a double-tank truck carrying diesel and gasoline was released directly into a fast-flowing upland stream following an accident on a mountainous section of road in British Columbia (BC), Canada. High concentrations of the product were trapped in the interstitial spaces of coarse (cobble-boulder) sediments during a period of rising water levels. Almost the entire river backshore in the affected area was characterized by steep wooded slopes so that access everywhere was very difficult. These constraints for the SCAT program largely were overcome where direct backshore access was not possible using river rafts, boats (on the reservoir above the dam) and small Unmanned Aerial System (sUASs). Based on the survey results, a 4x4 Spider Walking Excavator equipped with a Universal grab on the hydraulic arm was deployed over a 2.5 km section of river immediately downstream of the accident site over a 9-day period. The grab rotated to mix the sediment or lifted and moved cobbles and boulders along the channel margin and in river bed sediments to release the oil. Swift Water Rescue personnel and river rescue response equipment were positioned with the Spider operations and the SCAT river bank surveys throughout the project, and used to scout river conditions ahead of SCAT rafting operations. Air monitoring was maintained throughout the response during all operations both along river banks as well as in the cab of the Spider while working in the river. A small UAS quadcopter was deployed to monitor the mixing activity in real time where the excavator could operate but ground access was unsafe or physically not possible. Standard SCAT practices were followed to provide the Unified Command (UC) with Shoreline Treatment Recommendation (STR) forms to guide the operations activities and once the treatment criteria were achieved STR Inspection Reports (SIRs) were submitted for approval by the UC. A downstream daily water sampling program monitored for PHs, VOCs and PAHs in the river waters during the mixing operations downstream of the operations area. At no time during the mechanical mixing activities (April 3 – 12) did the results of the analyses exceed Canadian and BC Water Quality Guidelines standards downstream past the confluence with the Salmo River and standards only were exceeded for the first few days of mechanical mixing (April 3 – April 5) during the period that the Spider was working on the upper reaches of the South Salmo.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72809050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：