Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687221
T. Nedwed, Doug Mitchell
There are still concerns about well control especially for operations in sensitive environments. Currently the final barrier while drilling oil and gas wells is a valve system (blowout preventer or BOP) located on top of wells. These valves can isolate wells by sealing around or shearing through obstructions in the well (e.g. drilling pipe and casing). If these valves fail or if some other barrier in a well fails, hydrocarbon loss to the environment is possible. Adding barriers capable of responding to a well control loss could alleviate these concerns. ExxonMobil is currently evaluating concepts to provide two additional methods to kill an out-of-control well. One utilizes rapid crosslinking polymers to form a polymer-plug seal inside a BOP after a failure. The other is to rapidly pump seawater into a well to produce back pressure that overpressures the entire well bore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping oil / gas bearing zones. Mixing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and other monomers with a ruthenium-based catalyst causes a rapid polymerization reaction that forms a high-strength, stable solid. These reactions can occur under extreme temperatures and pressures while withstanding significant contamination from other fluids and solids. The well-control concept is to rapidly pump the monomers and catalyst into a leaking BOP to form a polymer seal that prevents further flow. The seawater injection concept uses high-pressure and capacity pumps located on a surface vessel and a conduit from these pumps to a port on a BOP. If a blowout occurs, seawater at high rate is pumped in the BOP. If BOP seal failure is the reason for containment loss, then the seawater will overpressure the BOP and seawater will displace the hydrocarbons passing through the leak point. Seawater injection will also overpressure the entire wellbore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping anywhere in the well. For example, if a leak occurs deep in the well, seawater injection into the BOP will overpressure the entire well and the seawater will replace the hydrocarbon flowing through the leak point. We have conducted testing of the polymer plug concept at representative temperatures and pressures using a small-scale BOP. Polymer seals were formed when the scale BOP was flowing drilling mud, a crude-oil surrogate, and water. The seals held up to 5,000 psi pressure for almost 18 hours. We have completed modeling of the seawater injection concept to define pumping needs. This paper describes the current status of concept development.
{"title":"Advanced Well Control Reduces Risk of a Blowout","authors":"T. Nedwed, Doug Mitchell","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are still concerns about well control especially for operations in sensitive environments. Currently the final barrier while drilling oil and gas wells is a valve system (blowout preventer or BOP) located on top of wells. These valves can isolate wells by sealing around or shearing through obstructions in the well (e.g. drilling pipe and casing). If these valves fail or if some other barrier in a well fails, hydrocarbon loss to the environment is possible. Adding barriers capable of responding to a well control loss could alleviate these concerns. ExxonMobil is currently evaluating concepts to provide two additional methods to kill an out-of-control well. One utilizes rapid crosslinking polymers to form a polymer-plug seal inside a BOP after a failure. The other is to rapidly pump seawater into a well to produce back pressure that overpressures the entire well bore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping oil / gas bearing zones.\u0000 Mixing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and other monomers with a ruthenium-based catalyst causes a rapid polymerization reaction that forms a high-strength, stable solid. These reactions can occur under extreme temperatures and pressures while withstanding significant contamination from other fluids and solids. The well-control concept is to rapidly pump the monomers and catalyst into a leaking BOP to form a polymer seal that prevents further flow.\u0000 The seawater injection concept uses high-pressure and capacity pumps located on a surface vessel and a conduit from these pumps to a port on a BOP. If a blowout occurs, seawater at high rate is pumped in the BOP. If BOP seal failure is the reason for containment loss, then the seawater will overpressure the BOP and seawater will displace the hydrocarbons passing through the leak point. Seawater injection will also overpressure the entire wellbore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping anywhere in the well. For example, if a leak occurs deep in the well, seawater injection into the BOP will overpressure the entire well and the seawater will replace the hydrocarbon flowing through the leak point.\u0000 We have conducted testing of the polymer plug concept at representative temperatures and pressures using a small-scale BOP. Polymer seals were formed when the scale BOP was flowing drilling mud, a crude-oil surrogate, and water. The seals held up to 5,000 psi pressure for almost 18 hours. We have completed modeling of the seawater injection concept to define pumping needs. This paper describes the current status of concept development.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141600
S. Macdonald, L. Zrum, S. Grenon, S. Laforest, P. Lambert
The 1970 SS Arrow incident in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia (NS) was a milestone event in Canada's oil spill response history and has been used by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for ongoing research for almost 50 years. In August of 2015, the remaining sunken section of the SS ARROW released Bunker C oil from its tanks and some sections of shorelines impacted in 1970 were affected once again. The Canadian Coast Guard led the 2015 response effort, which included Shoreline Clean-Up and Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys, to evaluate the contamination on the shorelines of Chedabucto Bay. This poster presents an overview of the 1970 event as well as the shoreline contamination resulting from the 2015 release from the SS Arrow. It summarizes the SCAT survey results and the operational response of the ECCC's National Environmental Emergencies Centre (NEEC) in support of the incident.
{"title":"Shoreline Contamination Report 2015 SS Arrow Spill Chedabucto Bay, NS, Canada","authors":"S. Macdonald, L. Zrum, S. Grenon, S. Laforest, P. Lambert","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141600","url":null,"abstract":"The 1970 SS Arrow incident in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia (NS) was a milestone event in Canada's oil spill response history and has been used by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for ongoing research for almost 50 years. In August of 2015, the remaining sunken section of the SS ARROW released Bunker C oil from its tanks and some sections of shorelines impacted in 1970 were affected once again. The Canadian Coast Guard led the 2015 response effort, which included Shoreline Clean-Up and Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys, to evaluate the contamination on the shorelines of Chedabucto Bay. This poster presents an overview of the 1970 event as well as the shoreline contamination resulting from the 2015 release from the SS Arrow. It summarizes the SCAT survey results and the operational response of the ECCC's National Environmental Emergencies Centre (NEEC) in support of the incident.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141657
Shane E. Jacobs
Aerial Dispersant application has changed platform in recent years with the introduction of the worlds first jet platform; a Boeing 727 complete with the TERSUS dispersant delivery system. During the development of this platform, stringent measures were imposed to comply with aviation standards, necessary to obtain approval from the authorities to operate. Airframe icing occurs when the ambient temperature is low enough to allow the water vapour in visible moisture to form a layer of ice on the unprotected surface, this can occur in temperatures between 10°C and −40°C. A feasibility study was completed to investigate icing and the affects it could have on operations with a fixed spray boom. The Boeing 727 is approved for flights in known icing (FIKI), the spray boom is not included within this approval, meaning when installed, it is restricted from operation in these conditions. With new platforms being developed and stringent regulatory requirements to be met, the challenges faced to alleviate icing is crucial to remove the residual risk of being unable to spray in these conditions. This poster looks at the change in design to a ‘fixed' spray boom and details how OSRL proceeded with a project to identify the risks, mitigations and the route to alleviate these restrictions.
{"title":"Spray Missions & Flights in Known Icing (FIKI)","authors":"Shane E. Jacobs","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141657","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial Dispersant application has changed platform in recent years with the introduction of the worlds first jet platform; a Boeing 727 complete with the TERSUS dispersant delivery system. During the development of this platform, stringent measures were imposed to comply with aviation standards, necessary to obtain approval from the authorities to operate.\u0000 Airframe icing occurs when the ambient temperature is low enough to allow the water vapour in visible moisture to form a layer of ice on the unprotected surface, this can occur in temperatures between 10°C and −40°C. A feasibility study was completed to investigate icing and the affects it could have on operations with a fixed spray boom.\u0000 The Boeing 727 is approved for flights in known icing (FIKI), the spray boom is not included within this approval, meaning when installed, it is restricted from operation in these conditions. With new platforms being developed and stringent regulatory requirements to be met, the challenges faced to alleviate icing is crucial to remove the residual risk of being unable to spray in these conditions.\u0000 This poster looks at the change in design to a ‘fixed' spray boom and details how OSRL proceeded with a project to identify the risks, mitigations and the route to alleviate these restrictions.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.685570
Jocelyn Gardner, Stefan Ostrowski
In 2012, Western Canada Marine Response Corporation (WCMRC) began developing site specific shoreline protection strategies, known at Geographic Response Strategies (GRS) for the entire coast of British Columbia (B.C.). The project started in Vancouver Harbour and has since spread along the Salish Sea and Strait of Juan de Fuca, as well as into Prince Rupert and Kitimat on the northern B.C. coast. Recognizing that B.C. has approximately 27,000 km of coastline (~16,777 miles) and with 450 strategies already developed only within a few hundred kilometres, WCMRC saw a need to automate the GRS development process from data collection all the way to the final GRS output. In conjunction with a local environmental consulting company, WCMRC developed a new sensitivity model. This new model can help the Response Readiness Team quickly assess intertidal sensitivity to oiling based on shoreline type, oil residency index, biological, archaeological, and/or socio-economic features of the shoreline, as well as operational protection feasibility. Now, using ESRI GIS web tools, a GRS can be developed automatically as a geo-referenced PDF, easily exportable to mobile devices for operational use. Overall, the automated enhancements have provided WCMRC with the tools necessary to manage the GRS program for B.C.'s entire coast. This means that more coastline can be assessed far more quickly and GRS's can be developed using fewer human resources. Additionally, if a spill occurs in a more remote area that has not yet had GRS's developed, they can be created within minutes based on the information from the Environment Unit in the Incident Command Post, or initial assessments by responders.
{"title":"Geographic Response Strategies on Canada's West Coast","authors":"Jocelyn Gardner, Stefan Ostrowski","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.685570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.685570","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2012, Western Canada Marine Response Corporation (WCMRC) began developing site specific shoreline protection strategies, known at Geographic Response Strategies (GRS) for the entire coast of British Columbia (B.C.). The project started in Vancouver Harbour and has since spread along the Salish Sea and Strait of Juan de Fuca, as well as into Prince Rupert and Kitimat on the northern B.C. coast. Recognizing that B.C. has approximately 27,000 km of coastline (~16,777 miles) and with 450 strategies already developed only within a few hundred kilometres, WCMRC saw a need to automate the GRS development process from data collection all the way to the final GRS output. In conjunction with a local environmental consulting company, WCMRC developed a new sensitivity model. This new model can help the Response Readiness Team quickly assess intertidal sensitivity to oiling based on shoreline type, oil residency index, biological, archaeological, and/or socio-economic features of the shoreline, as well as operational protection feasibility. Now, using ESRI GIS web tools, a GRS can be developed automatically as a geo-referenced PDF, easily exportable to mobile devices for operational use. Overall, the automated enhancements have provided WCMRC with the tools necessary to manage the GRS program for B.C.'s entire coast. This means that more coastline can be assessed far more quickly and GRS's can be developed using fewer human resources. Additionally, if a spill occurs in a more remote area that has not yet had GRS's developed, they can be created within minutes based on the information from the Environment Unit in the Incident Command Post, or initial assessments by responders.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86821856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689431
Mary E. Landry, E. Adams, A. Bejarano, M. Boufadel, H. K. White
Each marine oil spill presents unique circumstances and challenges that require careful consideration of which response options are most appropriate for mitigating impacts to local communities and the environment, which may include the use of dispersants. Dispersants are chemical countermeasures that reduce the amount of floating oil by promoting the formation of small droplets that remain or become entrained in the water column, where they are subjected to greater dissolution and dilution. During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an unprecedented volume of dispersants was used at the surface and in the deep ocean. The spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill science, especially regarding dispersant use. Building on two previous reports and using this new information, a committee of experts convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) conducted a review and evaluation of the science on dispersant use. The committee's review focused on various aspects of dispersant use in offshore marine oil spills, including dispersant and oil fate and transport, human health considerations, biological effects, decision making, and alternative response options, among others. The findings and recommendations of the committee were published in the recent report, The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (available for free download at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response). The presentation summarizes the committee's findings and recommendations within the context of oil spill response science and technology. A key area of consideration is how they relate to and support a robust decision making process in the event dispersants are considered for use in future spills.
{"title":"The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine","authors":"Mary E. Landry, E. Adams, A. Bejarano, M. Boufadel, H. K. White","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689431","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Each marine oil spill presents unique circumstances and challenges that require careful consideration of which response options are most appropriate for mitigating impacts to local communities and the environment, which may include the use of dispersants. Dispersants are chemical countermeasures that reduce the amount of floating oil by promoting the formation of small droplets that remain or become entrained in the water column, where they are subjected to greater dissolution and dilution. During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an unprecedented volume of dispersants was used at the surface and in the deep ocean. The spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill science, especially regarding dispersant use. Building on two previous reports and using this new information, a committee of experts convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) conducted a review and evaluation of the science on dispersant use. The committee's review focused on various aspects of dispersant use in offshore marine oil spills, including dispersant and oil fate and transport, human health considerations, biological effects, decision making, and alternative response options, among others. The findings and recommendations of the committee were published in the recent report, The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (available for free download at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response). The presentation summarizes the committee's findings and recommendations within the context of oil spill response science and technology. A key area of consideration is how they relate to and support a robust decision making process in the event dispersants are considered for use in future spills.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84410063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621
Julie Hutcheson, Mike Popovich, R. Packard
This program reached a milestone in 2018 which marked the tenth consecutive year of conducting training and exercises. The MassDEP GRP Field Testing and First Responder Training began in 2009 and since then, 66 field exercises have been conducted throughout coastal Massachusetts with over 1,700 first responders trained to date. Beyond the obvious enhancement of overall response capability and capacity at the local, state and federal levels, this long-term HSEEP-compliant training and exercise program has resulted in numerous improvements in both intra and inter-town operational coordination and communication, as well as enhancements to the pre-positioned equipment caches and training delivery and content.
{"title":"Massachusetts DEP Marine Oil Spill Prevention and Response Program: Geographic Response Plan Development, Testing, and Training Program","authors":"Julie Hutcheson, Mike Popovich, R. Packard","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141621","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This program reached a milestone in 2018 which marked the tenth consecutive year of conducting training and exercises. The MassDEP GRP Field Testing and First Responder Training began in 2009 and since then, 66 field exercises have been conducted throughout coastal Massachusetts with over 1,700 first responders trained to date. Beyond the obvious enhancement of overall response capability and capacity at the local, state and federal levels, this long-term HSEEP-compliant training and exercise program has resulted in numerous improvements in both intra and inter-town operational coordination and communication, as well as enhancements to the pre-positioned equipment caches and training delivery and content.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87427971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686140
G. Fiksdal, Cathrine Floen Fullwood
« October 8th at 1630 hours: Equinor reports loss of well control on the exploration well «Staalull». Large amounts of crude oil flow continuously from the seabed at the depth of 1200 feet. An oil spill from the exploration well has a potential for landfall within five days. The oil characteristics are unknown. Equinor is unable to control the well and needs to start planning for a relief well. This may take several months. » This is a potential scenario for a major oil spill and the exercise planned for the Norwegian coast, October 2019. Approximately 600 responders were involved. The intention was to test Equinor and NOFO (The Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies) and their ability to handle a long-lasting oil spill in a safe and secure manner – within all barriers. The exercise involved Equinor CMT (Crisis Management Team), IMT (Incident Management Team), NOFO, offshore and nearshore vessels, aircraft, digital SCAT (Shoreline Cleanup and Assessment Technique) surveys and beach cleaning operations at different locations onshore. The main goal of the exercise was interaction and communication within and between the different response organisations. The intermediate objectives were 1) establish a common situational awareness and 2) communicate accurate information at the right time to affected parties. The exercise took place at seven different locations in Norway and establishment and maintenance of situational awareness throughout the response organisation was crucial to the effective handling of the incident. This required effective communication and information sharing throughout all levels. The incident management is based on the Incident Command System (ICS), but modified to align with Norwegian conditions. During the exercise we performed an extensive evaluation of all the organisations; with feedback to and from the personnel involved. The result of the evaluation, lessons learned, and implementation of improvements within the organisations involved, will improve the Norwegian industry's ability to manage long-lasting oils spills in the future.
{"title":"Large scale exercise in Norway – Exercise Frohavet 2019","authors":"G. Fiksdal, Cathrine Floen Fullwood","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 « October 8th at 1630 hours: Equinor reports loss of well control on the exploration well «Staalull». Large amounts of crude oil flow continuously from the seabed at the depth of 1200 feet. An oil spill from the exploration well has a potential for landfall within five days. The oil characteristics are unknown. Equinor is unable to control the well and needs to start planning for a relief well. This may take several months. »\u0000 This is a potential scenario for a major oil spill and the exercise planned for the Norwegian coast, October 2019. Approximately 600 responders were involved.\u0000 The intention was to test Equinor and NOFO (The Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies) and their ability to handle a long-lasting oil spill in a safe and secure manner – within all barriers.\u0000 The exercise involved Equinor CMT (Crisis Management Team), IMT (Incident Management Team), NOFO, offshore and nearshore vessels, aircraft, digital SCAT (Shoreline Cleanup and Assessment Technique) surveys and beach cleaning operations at different locations onshore.\u0000 The main goal of the exercise was interaction and communication within and between the different response organisations. The intermediate objectives were 1) establish a common situational awareness and 2) communicate accurate information at the right time to affected parties.\u0000 The exercise took place at seven different locations in Norway and establishment and maintenance of situational awareness throughout the response organisation was crucial to the effective handling of the incident. This required effective communication and information sharing throughout all levels. The incident management is based on the Incident Command System (ICS), but modified to align with Norwegian conditions.\u0000 During the exercise we performed an extensive evaluation of all the organisations; with feedback to and from the personnel involved. The result of the evaluation, lessons learned, and implementation of improvements within the organisations involved, will improve the Norwegian industry's ability to manage long-lasting oils spills in the future.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86641982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687208
T. Nedwed, S. Pegau, Karen Stone
Herders (also known as surface collecting agents) are made of surface active compounds (surfactants). They reduce the surface tension of water and thereby change the spreading behavior of immiscible liquids, such as an oil slick, floating on the surface. Oil slicks that have spread too thin to burn can be re-thickened if herders are sprayed on the water surface around a slick. Once the slick is thickened, it is amenable to in situ burning without the need for fire-resistant boom. Herders are listed as surface collecting agents on the National Contingency Product Schedule administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2019) for use in US waters. Herders are commercially available and oil spill response organizations have the capability to utilize herders. A new joint industry / government agency project was recently initiated to develop a novel herder delivery and ignition system. The initial plan is to develop a remotely operated surface vehicle (RSV) that will deliver herder from an onboard reservoir and a system to ignite herded slicks. The RSV we are developing has 10–12 hours of operation time, a range of 500 miles and can travel at speeds of up to 65 miles/hour. The RSV can be deployed from a helicopter that has a cargo hook, a boat, and potentially a fixed-wing aircraft that has an appropriately sized hatch. The vision is rapid deployed to a remote spill location using a helicopter (or a fixed-wing aircraft) and operated from this platform until a response vessel arrives on the scene. The response vessel can then take over RSV control freeing the aircraft for other duties. This paper will describe the planned development and testing of the RSV and other progress toward herder commercialization.
{"title":"Recent Development on Herder Commercialization","authors":"T. Nedwed, S. Pegau, Karen Stone","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Herders (also known as surface collecting agents) are made of surface active compounds (surfactants). They reduce the surface tension of water and thereby change the spreading behavior of immiscible liquids, such as an oil slick, floating on the surface. Oil slicks that have spread too thin to burn can be re-thickened if herders are sprayed on the water surface around a slick. Once the slick is thickened, it is amenable to in situ burning without the need for fire-resistant boom. Herders are listed as surface collecting agents on the National Contingency Product Schedule administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2019) for use in US waters. Herders are commercially available and oil spill response organizations have the capability to utilize herders.\u0000 A new joint industry / government agency project was recently initiated to develop a novel herder delivery and ignition system. The initial plan is to develop a remotely operated surface vehicle (RSV) that will deliver herder from an onboard reservoir and a system to ignite herded slicks. The RSV we are developing has 10–12 hours of operation time, a range of 500 miles and can travel at speeds of up to 65 miles/hour. The RSV can be deployed from a helicopter that has a cargo hook, a boat, and potentially a fixed-wing aircraft that has an appropriately sized hatch. The vision is rapid deployed to a remote spill location using a helicopter (or a fixed-wing aircraft) and operated from this platform until a response vessel arrives on the scene. The response vessel can then take over RSV control freeing the aircraft for other duties.\u0000 This paper will describe the planned development and testing of the RSV and other progress toward herder commercialization.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88688886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687164
M. Dix, Eric W. Miller
In 2019, the International Oil Spill Conference (IOSC) passed a significant milestone in turning 50 years old. Springing from the aftermath from both the Torrey Canyon and Santa Barbara oil spills, New York City hosted the first IOSC in 1969, attracting the attention and participation of a growing body of practitioners in a particular form of emergency response. Bringing together world leaders in oil spill prevention, preparedness, response, and restoration at conferences that fostered community and technological advancement between and within the industry, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations, IOSC was the conference to attend in order to share information, identify emerging issues, and develop key contacts. With the volume of oil shipments on the rise and an increasing reliance on petroleum cargoes and fuels in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as a keener focus on the protection of natural resources, the relevance and content of the IOSC continued to grow and solidify. In looking back at the history of the conference, this paper charts the development of the IOSC event and notes the growth of the positive impacts the conference has had on the spill response community and the conference features that have expanded its attractiveness and accessibility for over 50 years.
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Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141233
E. Owens, Douglas Reimer
The cargo of a double-tank truck carrying diesel and gasoline was released directly into a fast-flowing upland stream following an accident on a mountainous section of road in British Columbia (BC), Canada. High concentrations of the product were trapped in the interstitial spaces of coarse (cobble-boulder) sediments during a period of rising water levels. Almost the entire river backshore in the affected area was characterized by steep wooded slopes so that access everywhere was very difficult. These constraints for the SCAT program largely were overcome where direct backshore access was not possible using river rafts, boats (on the reservoir above the dam) and small Unmanned Aerial System (sUASs). Based on the survey results, a 4x4 Spider Walking Excavator equipped with a Universal grab on the hydraulic arm was deployed over a 2.5 km section of river immediately downstream of the accident site over a 9-day period. The grab rotated to mix the sediment or lifted and moved cobbles and boulders along the channel margin and in river bed sediments to release the oil. Swift Water Rescue personnel and river rescue response equipment were positioned with the Spider operations and the SCAT river bank surveys throughout the project, and used to scout river conditions ahead of SCAT rafting operations. Air monitoring was maintained throughout the response during all operations both along river banks as well as in the cab of the Spider while working in the river. A small UAS quadcopter was deployed to monitor the mixing activity in real time where the excavator could operate but ground access was unsafe or physically not possible. Standard SCAT practices were followed to provide the Unified Command (UC) with Shoreline Treatment Recommendation (STR) forms to guide the operations activities and once the treatment criteria were achieved STR Inspection Reports (SIRs) were submitted for approval by the UC. A downstream daily water sampling program monitored for PHs, VOCs and PAHs in the river waters during the mixing operations downstream of the operations area. At no time during the mechanical mixing activities (April 3 – 12) did the results of the analyses exceed Canadian and BC Water Quality Guidelines standards downstream past the confluence with the Salmo River and standards only were exceeded for the first few days of mechanical mixing (April 3 – April 5) during the period that the Spider was working on the upper reaches of the South Salmo.
在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的一段山区公路上发生事故后，一辆载有柴油和汽油的双油箱卡车的货物直接被释放到湍急的高地河流中。在水位上升期间，高浓度的产品被困在粗糙(鹅卵石-巨石)沉积物的间隙中。几乎整个受影响地区的河流后岸都是陡峭的树木繁茂的斜坡，因此到处都很难进入。SCAT项目的这些限制很大程度上被克服了，因为使用河筏、船只(在大坝上方的水库上)和小型无人机系统(sUASs)无法直接进入后海岸。根据调查结果，在9天的时间里，一台配备液压臂万能抓斗的4x4蜘蛛履带挖掘机被部署在事故现场下游2.5公里的河流上。抓斗旋转以混合沉积物，或提起并移动沿着河道边缘和河床沉积物中的鹅卵石和巨石，以释放石油。Swift Water Rescue人员和河流救援响应设备在整个项目中与Spider作业和SCAT河岸调查一起部署，并用于在SCAT漂流作业之前侦察河流状况。在所有作业期间，无论是在河岸上，还是在Spider的驾驶室里，都保持了空气监测。在挖掘机可以操作但地面通道不安全或物理上不可能的地方，部署了一架小型UAS四轴飞行器来实时监测混合活动。按照标准的岸线处理程序，向统一指挥部提供岸线处理建议表格，以指导作业活动，一旦达到处理标准，就向统一指挥部提交岸线处理建议检查报告，以供批准。在作业区下游的混合作业期间，下游的日常水采样项目监测了河流水中的小ph、挥发性有机化合物和多环芳烃。在机械搅拌活动期间(4月3日至12日)，分析结果没有超过加拿大和不列颠哥伦比亚省的水质准则标准，只有在机械搅拌的头几天(4月3日至4月5日)，蜘蛛在南萨尔莫河上游工作期间，分析结果才超过标准。
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