The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research, organised by the Forest Fire Research Center of the Association for Developmental of Industrial Aerodynamics every 4 years since 1990, was held in November 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal. The conference was held in conjunction with the 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit, sponsored by the International Association of Wildland Fire. The number and quality of the submissions for this joint event was very high, and the authors were encouraged to submit a full paper to a special issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire (IJWF). Given the large number of submissions, the Journal decided to publish the special issue in several parts. Part 1 was published in January 2023, with eight papers, and Part 2 in March 2023, with 10 papers. This third part presents 15 original papers in five topical areas: decision support systems and tools (3), risk reduction (2), risk assessment (3), wildland urban interface (3) and wildfire management and safety (4). All the papers in this special issue are published Open Access.
{"title":"IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research and 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit: introduction to special issue (Part 3)","authors":"L. Ribeiro, D. Viegas, M. Almeida","doi":"10.1071/wf23087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23087","url":null,"abstract":"The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research, organised by the Forest Fire Research Center of the Association for Developmental of Industrial Aerodynamics every 4 years since 1990, was held in November 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal. The conference was held in conjunction with the 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit, sponsored by the International Association of Wildland Fire. The number and quality of the submissions for this joint event was very high, and the authors were encouraged to submit a full paper to a special issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire (IJWF). Given the large number of submissions, the Journal decided to publish the special issue in several parts. Part 1 was published in January 2023, with eight papers, and Part 2 in March 2023, with 10 papers. This third part presents 15 original papers in five topical areas: decision support systems and tools (3), risk reduction (2), risk assessment (3), wildland urban interface (3) and wildfire management and safety (4). All the papers in this special issue are published Open Access.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49441805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IJWF Outstanding Associate Editor Award 2022: David Calkin and Hayley Hesseln","authors":"","doi":"10.1071/wfv32n4_aw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wfv32n4_aw","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research, together with the 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit was held in November 2022. This joint conference brought together several hundred presentations in the field of wildfire research. This special issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire includes several papers describing work presented at the conference. Due to the large number and variety of papers submitted, the special issue is being published in several parts. Part 1 of the special issue was published, in January 2023, with a set of eight papers. This Foreword to Part 2 of the special issue introduces 10 new papers on various topics that include: modelling of ignition probability, fire behaviour modelling, wildfire hazard mapping, fire management policies, imagery and mapping, and wildland–urban interface. All papers in the special issue are published Open Access.
{"title":"IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research and 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit: introduction to special issue (Part 2)","authors":"M. Almeida, D. Viegas, L. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1071/wf23037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23037","url":null,"abstract":"The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research, together with the 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit was held in November 2022. This joint conference brought together several hundred presentations in the field of wildfire research. This special issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire includes several papers describing work presented at the conference. Due to the large number and variety of papers submitted, the special issue is being published in several parts. Part 1 of the special issue was published, in January 2023, with a set of eight papers. This Foreword to Part 2 of the special issue introduces 10 new papers on various topics that include: modelling of ignition probability, fire behaviour modelling, wildfire hazard mapping, fire management policies, imagery and mapping, and wildland–urban interface. All papers in the special issue are published Open Access.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Katurji, Bob Noonan, Jiawei Zhang, Andres Valencia, Benjamin Shumacher, J. Kerr, T. Strand, G. Pearce, P. Zawar-Reza
Background Wildfires propagate through vegetation exhibiting complex spread patterns modulated by ambient atmospheric wind turbulence. Wind gusts at the fire-front extend and intensify flames causing direct convective heating towards unburnt fuels resulting in rapid acceleration of spread. Aims To characterise ambient and fire turbulence over gorse shrub and explore how this contributes to fire behaviour. Methods Six experimental burns were carried out in Rakaia, New Zealand under varying meteorological conditions. The ignition process ensured a fire-line propagating through dense gorse bush (1 m high). Two 30-m sonic anemometer towers measured turbulent wind velocity at six different levels above the ground. Visible imagery was captured by cameras mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles at 200 m AGL. Key results Using wavelet decomposition, we identified different turbulent time scales that varied between 1 and 128 s relative to height above vegetation. Quadrant analysis identified statistical distributions of atmospheric sweeps (downbursts of turbulence towards vegetation) with sustained events emanating from above the vegetation canopy and impinging at the surface with time scales up to 10 s. Conclusions Image velocimetry enabled tracking of ‘fire sweeps’ and characterised for the first time their lifetime and dynamics in comparison with overlying atmospheric turbulent structures. Implications This methodology can provide a comprehensive toolkit when investigating coupled atmosphere–fire interactions.
背景野火通过植被传播，表现出受环境大气风湍流调制的复杂蔓延模式。火线处的阵风延伸并加剧了火焰，导致对未燃烧燃料的直接对流加热，从而迅速加速蔓延。目的描述金雀花灌木周围的环境和火灾湍流，并探讨这对火灾行为的影响。方法在不同气象条件下，在新西兰拉卡亚进行6次烧伤实验。点火过程确保了火线穿过密集的金雀花灌木（1 m高）。两座30米的声波风速测量塔测量了地面上六个不同高度的湍流风速。可见图像是由安装在200米高空的无折叠飞行器上的摄像机拍摄的 m AGL。关键结果使用小波分解，我们确定了在1到128之间变化的不同湍流时间尺度 s相对于植被上方的高度。象限分析确定了大气扫掠（湍流向植被的下击）的统计分布，其中持续事件从植被冠层上方发出，并以高达10的时间尺度撞击地表 s.结论图像测速技术能够跟踪“火灾扫描”，并首次将其寿命和动力学特征与上覆大气湍流结构进行比较。含义该方法可以在研究大气-火灾耦合相互作用时提供一个全面的工具包。
{"title":"Atmospheric turbulent structures and fire sweeps during shrub fires and implications for flaming zone behaviour","authors":"M. Katurji, Bob Noonan, Jiawei Zhang, Andres Valencia, Benjamin Shumacher, J. Kerr, T. Strand, G. Pearce, P. Zawar-Reza","doi":"10.1071/wf22100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf22100","url":null,"abstract":"Background Wildfires propagate through vegetation exhibiting complex spread patterns modulated by ambient atmospheric wind turbulence. Wind gusts at the fire-front extend and intensify flames causing direct convective heating towards unburnt fuels resulting in rapid acceleration of spread. Aims To characterise ambient and fire turbulence over gorse shrub and explore how this contributes to fire behaviour. Methods Six experimental burns were carried out in Rakaia, New Zealand under varying meteorological conditions. The ignition process ensured a fire-line propagating through dense gorse bush (1 m high). Two 30-m sonic anemometer towers measured turbulent wind velocity at six different levels above the ground. Visible imagery was captured by cameras mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles at 200 m AGL. Key results Using wavelet decomposition, we identified different turbulent time scales that varied between 1 and 128 s relative to height above vegetation. Quadrant analysis identified statistical distributions of atmospheric sweeps (downbursts of turbulence towards vegetation) with sustained events emanating from above the vegetation canopy and impinging at the surface with time scales up to 10 s. Conclusions Image velocimetry enabled tracking of ‘fire sweeps’ and characterised for the first time their lifetime and dynamics in comparison with overlying atmospheric turbulent structures. Implications This methodology can provide a comprehensive toolkit when investigating coupled atmosphere–fire interactions.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42192792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwan Katurji, Bob Noonan, Jiawei Zhang, Andres Valencia, Benjamin Schumacher, Jessica Kerr, Tara Strand, Grant Pearce, Peyman Zawar-Reza
Background Wildfires propagate through vegetation exhibiting complex spread patterns modulated by ambient atmospheric wind turbulence. Wind gusts at the fire-front extend and intensify flames causing direct convective heating towards unburnt fuels resulting in rapid acceleration of spread. Aims To characterise ambient and fire turbulence over gorse shrub and explore how this contributes to fire behaviour. Methods Six experimental burns were carried out in Rakaia, New Zealand under varying meteorological conditions. The ignition process ensured a fire-line propagating through dense gorse bush (1 m high). Two 30-m sonic anemometer towers measured turbulent wind velocity at six different levels above the ground. Visible imagery was captured by cameras mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles at 200 m AGL. Key results Using wavelet decomposition, we identified different turbulent time scales that varied between 1 and 128 s relative to height above vegetation. Quadrant analysis identified statistical distributions of atmospheric sweeps (downbursts of turbulence towards vegetation) with sustained events emanating from above the vegetation canopy and impinging at the surface with time scales up to 10 s. Conclusions Image velocimetry enabled tracking of ‘fire sweeps’ and characterised for the first time their lifetime and dynamics in comparison with overlying atmospheric turbulent structures. Implications This methodology can provide a comprehensive toolkit when investigating coupled atmosphere–fire interactions.
{"title":"<i>Corrigendum to</i>: Atmospheric turbulent structures and fire sweeps during shrub fires and implications for flaming zone behaviour","authors":"Marwan Katurji, Bob Noonan, Jiawei Zhang, Andres Valencia, Benjamin Schumacher, Jessica Kerr, Tara Strand, Grant Pearce, Peyman Zawar-Reza","doi":"10.1071/wf22100_co","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf22100_co","url":null,"abstract":"<sec> Background Wildfires propagate through vegetation exhibiting complex spread patterns modulated by ambient atmospheric wind turbulence. Wind gusts at the fire-front extend and intensify flames causing direct convective heating towards unburnt fuels resulting in rapid acceleration of spread. </sec> <sec> Aims To characterise ambient and fire turbulence over gorse shrub and explore how this contributes to fire behaviour. </sec> <sec> Methods Six experimental burns were carried out in Rakaia, New Zealand under varying meteorological conditions. The ignition process ensured a fire-line propagating through dense gorse bush (1&#x2009;m high). Two 30-m sonic anemometer towers measured turbulent wind velocity at six different levels above the ground. Visible imagery was captured by cameras mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles at 200&#x2009;m AGL. </sec> <sec> Key results Using wavelet decomposition, we identified different turbulent time scales that varied between 1 and 128&#x2009;s relative to height above vegetation. Quadrant analysis identified statistical distributions of atmospheric sweeps (downbursts of turbulence towards vegetation) with sustained events emanating from above the vegetation canopy and impinging at the surface with time scales up to 10&#x2009;s. </sec> <sec> Conclusions Image velocimetry enabled tracking of &#x2018;fire sweeps&#x2019; and characterised for the first time their lifetime and dynamics in comparison with overlying atmospheric turbulent structures. </sec> <sec> Implications This methodology can provide a comprehensive toolkit when investigating coupled atmosphere&#x2013;fire interactions. </sec>","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136196217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fire suppression has altered the historical mixed-severity fire regime and homogenised forest structures in Jasper National Park, Canada. We used dendrochronology to reconstruct fire history and assess forest dynamics at 29 sites in the montane forests. Based on fire scars and even-aged post-fire cohorts, we determined 18 sites had mixed-severity fire histories through time, and 11 sites had evidence of high-severity fires only – yielding a mixed-severity fire regime for the study area. Lodgepole pine, hybrid spruce and Douglas-fir established simultaneously after low- and high-severity fires. Regardless of fire history, forest canopies were mixed in composition and subcanopies were strongly dominated by shade-tolerant hybrid spruce. Despite their size, subcanopy trees were similar in age to the canopy trees. Current stand composition and age structures largely reflect the effects of high-severity fires that burned ~110 years ago at 18 of 29 sites. In the absence of fires after 1905, forests have matured simultaneously, homogenising the landscape and resulting in forest structures that are more conducive to high-severity fire than are fires of a range of severities. Proactive fire management is justified to restore fire as a vital ecological process and promote forest resilience by countering the effects of a century of fire suppression.
{"title":"<i>Corrigendum to</i>: Altered mixed-severity fire regime has homogenised montane forests of Jasper National Park","authors":"Raphaël D. Chavardès, Lori D. Daniels","doi":"10.1071/wf15048_c1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf15048_c1","url":null,"abstract":"Fire suppression has altered the historical mixed-severity fire regime and homogenised forest structures in Jasper National Park, Canada. We used dendrochronology to reconstruct fire history and assess forest dynamics at 29 sites in the montane forests. Based on fire scars and even-aged post-fire cohorts, we determined 18 sites had mixed-severity fire histories through time, and 11 sites had evidence of high-severity fires only &#x2013; yielding a mixed-severity fire regime for the study area. Lodgepole pine, hybrid spruce and Douglas-fir established simultaneously after low- and high-severity fires. Regardless of fire history, forest canopies were mixed in composition and subcanopies were strongly dominated by shade-tolerant hybrid spruce. Despite their size, subcanopy trees were similar in age to the canopy trees. Current stand composition and age structures largely reflect the effects of high-severity fires that burned ~110 years ago at 18 of 29 sites. In the absence of fires after 1905, forests have matured simultaneously, homogenising the landscape and resulting in forest structures that are more conducive to high-severity fire than are fires of a range of severities. Proactive fire management is justified to restore fire as a vital ecological process and promote forest resilience by countering the effects of a century of fire suppression.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":"582 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136195920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research (ICFFR) was recently held in Coimbra, Portugal, bringing together scientists and fire managers from around world to advance and update knowledge in the area of fire management. The conference was held jointly with the International Association of Wildland Fire’s 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit (IWFSS). Here we introduce Part 1 of a special issue series arising from the 2022 ICFFR/IWFFS joint meeting. This issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire contains eight papers covering a wide variety of topics including: seasonal fire activity and spatio-temporal fire-weather patterns under climate change, the role of atmospheric conditions on fire and flaming zone behaviour, analytical techniques for measuring oxidative pyrolysis gases, particulate morphology of fires in the wildland–urban interface, deep peat fire smouldering and the impact of post-fire treatments on soil. All papers in the issue are published Open Access.
{"title":"IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research and 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit: introduction to special issue (Part 1)","authors":"D. Viegas, L. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1071/wf23003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23003","url":null,"abstract":"The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research (ICFFR) was recently held in Coimbra, Portugal, bringing together scientists and fire managers from around world to advance and update knowledge in the area of fire management. The conference was held jointly with the International Association of Wildland Fire’s 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit (IWFSS). Here we introduce Part 1 of a special issue series arising from the 2022 ICFFR/IWFFS joint meeting. This issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire contains eight papers covering a wide variety of topics including: seasonal fire activity and spatio-temporal fire-weather patterns under climate change, the role of atmospheric conditions on fire and flaming zone behaviour, analytical techniques for measuring oxidative pyrolysis gases, particulate morphology of fires in the wildland–urban interface, deep peat fire smouldering and the impact of post-fire treatments on soil. All papers in the issue are published Open Access.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46308632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loss of soil carbon in a world heritage peatland following a bushfire","authors":"R. Carroll, I. Wright, J. Reynolds","doi":"10.1071/wf22204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf22204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58873623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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