Isolated fracture of the pisiform is an extremely rare injury. Generally fractures of the pisiform are associated with fractures of other carpal bones or the distal radius. Fractures of the carpals and metacarpals account for roughly 6% of all fractures. The average incidence of pisiform fractures is 0.2% of all carpal fractures and approximately half of them are isolated fractures. Fracture of the pisiform may be missed on standard radiographs due to orientation of the fracture, improper wrist positioning, superimposition of adjacent bones, an inadequate number of projections or more obvious fractures of other carpal bones. Special radiographic projections such as carpal tunnel, scaphoid or supinated oblique view are indicated if routine AP and lateral views fail to demonstrate a fracture. MRI is the second-step imaging method in patients whose radiographs are negative or indistinct. MRI not only shows the fracture line but also shows marrow edema within the pisiform bone indicating fracture. Late sequels include pisotriquetral chondromalacia, subluxation and osteoarthritis consequent to poor alignment of the articular surfaces. KEY WORDS: Isolated fracture; Pisiform; Wrist injury
{"title":"Case Reoprt: Isolated fracture of pisiform: case report of a rare injury of wrist","authors":"V. Verma, A. Singh, Santosh Kumar, M. Singh","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated fracture of the pisiform is an extremely rare injury. Generally fractures of the pisiform are associated with fractures of other carpal bones or the distal radius. Fractures of the carpals and metacarpals account for roughly 6% of all fractures. The average incidence of pisiform fractures is 0.2% of all carpal fractures and approximately half of them are isolated fractures. Fracture of the pisiform may be missed on standard radiographs due to orientation of the fracture, improper wrist positioning, superimposition of adjacent bones, an inadequate number of projections or more obvious fractures of other carpal bones. Special radiographic projections such as carpal tunnel, scaphoid or supinated oblique view are indicated if routine AP and lateral views fail to demonstrate a fracture. MRI is the second-step imaging method in patients whose radiographs are negative or indistinct. MRI not only shows the fracture line but also shows marrow edema within the pisiform bone indicating fracture. Late sequels include pisotriquetral chondromalacia, subluxation and osteoarthritis consequent to poor alignment of the articular surfaces. KEY WORDS: Isolated fracture; Pisiform; Wrist injury","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"30 1","pages":"19-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82660570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute pancreatitis often presents with severe epigastric pain and referred pain to the back. In practice, epigastric pain of pancreatitis may also occasionally present with associated left sided flank pain. Here, we present a case of a 38 year old man on antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, who came with severe right sided lumbar pain to the emergency department. The initial abdominal ultrasonogram was normal and the patient was misdiagnosed as possible renal associated pain. The CECT scan done the following day showed acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic fat stranding, fluid upto the right perinephric space and thickening of pararenal fascia. Urinalysis and renal function tests were within normal limits. On literature search, we could not find any reported cases of acute pancreatitis with right lumbar pain as the only presenting symptom. Patients taking anti-retroviral therapy develop pancreatitis most commonly due to hypertriglyceridemia. However, this patient had a normal lipid profile. On ruling out other causes, we conclude that his pancreatitis was caused by Azatanavir, which has only post marketing reports of pancreatitis and we could find no specific study linking the drug to the disease. KEY WORDS : Pancreatitis; HIV infection; ART; Azatanavir
{"title":"Case Report: Right flank pain as the only symptom for acute pancreatitis in a patient on treatment for HIV infection","authors":"H. Sahni, K. Kirti, Rohan Palshetkar","doi":"10.4314/ijmu.v11i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijmu.v11i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Acute pancreatitis often presents with severe epigastric pain and referred pain to the back. In practice, epigastric pain of pancreatitis may also occasionally present with associated left sided flank pain. Here, we present a case of a 38 year old man on antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, who came with severe right sided lumbar pain to the emergency department. The initial abdominal ultrasonogram was normal and the patient was misdiagnosed as possible renal associated pain. The CECT scan done the following day showed acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic fat stranding, fluid upto the right perinephric space and thickening of pararenal fascia. Urinalysis and renal function tests were within normal limits. On literature search, we could not find any reported cases of acute pancreatitis with right lumbar pain as the only presenting symptom. Patients taking anti-retroviral therapy develop pancreatitis most commonly due to hypertriglyceridemia. However, this patient had a normal lipid profile. On ruling out other causes, we conclude that his pancreatitis was caused by Azatanavir, which has only post marketing reports of pancreatitis and we could find no specific study linking the drug to the disease. KEY WORDS : Pancreatitis; HIV infection; ART; Azatanavir","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"63 1","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84065809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Raval, Nilesh Oswal, B. Thakkar, R. Garg, K. Shah, I. Patel
The aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot prior to biventricular repair, and the need of invasive angiocardiography in specific subgroups. A retrospective analysis was performed for paediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot who underwent biventricular repair in three consecutive months. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age: below and above 5 years. We compared the findings of different imaging modalities (e.g. echocardiography, multi-detector Computed Tomography (CT) and invasive angiocardiography) to intraoperative findings to determine their accuracies in different subgroups. Results showed that echocardiography is reliable for preoperative imaging, especially in younger children (sensitivity=71.43%) and its findings are ‘moderately’ concordant with intraoperative findings (kappa=0.439). For patients above 5 years of age, its sensitivity (29.41%) declines and findings are ‘poorly’ concordant with intraoperative findings (kappa=0.093). With addition of multi-detector CT, the findings of non-invasive means are ‘perfectly’ concordant with the intraoperative findings (kappa=1) in children below 5 years and ‘moderately’ concordant with those (kappa=0.4) in children above 5 years. The findings of CT are ‘moderately’ concordant with those of invasive angiocardiography (kappa=0.4). Tetralogy of Fallot patients below 5 years can directly be subjected to surgery with work-up including detailed echocardiography only. If anatomy is not clearly delineated, CT helps and invasive angiocardiography is not essential. In patients above 5 years, CT has an important role in defining anatomy. The need for catheterization is limited to hemodynamic evaluation of prior shunt and embolization of aorto-pulmonary collaterals. KEY WORDS : Tetralogy of Fallot; Pulmonary artery; Aorto-pulmonary collaterals; Echocardiography; Computed Tomography; Invasive angiocardiography
{"title":"Accuracy of different imaging modalities prior to biventricular repair in Tetralogy of Fallot","authors":"A. Raval, Nilesh Oswal, B. Thakkar, R. Garg, K. Shah, I. Patel","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot prior to biventricular repair, and the need of invasive angiocardiography in specific subgroups. A retrospective analysis was performed for paediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot who underwent biventricular repair in three consecutive months. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age: below and above 5 years. We compared the findings of different imaging modalities (e.g. echocardiography, multi-detector Computed Tomography (CT) and invasive angiocardiography) to intraoperative findings to determine their accuracies in different subgroups. Results showed that echocardiography is reliable for preoperative imaging, especially in younger children (sensitivity=71.43%) and its findings are ‘moderately’ concordant with intraoperative findings (kappa=0.439). For patients above 5 years of age, its sensitivity (29.41%) declines and findings are ‘poorly’ concordant with intraoperative findings (kappa=0.093). With addition of multi-detector CT, the findings of non-invasive means are ‘perfectly’ concordant with the intraoperative findings (kappa=1) in children below 5 years and ‘moderately’ concordant with those (kappa=0.4) in children above 5 years. The findings of CT are ‘moderately’ concordant with those of invasive angiocardiography (kappa=0.4). Tetralogy of Fallot patients below 5 years can directly be subjected to surgery with work-up including detailed echocardiography only. If anatomy is not clearly delineated, CT helps and invasive angiocardiography is not essential. In patients above 5 years, CT has an important role in defining anatomy. The need for catheterization is limited to hemodynamic evaluation of prior shunt and embolization of aorto-pulmonary collaterals. KEY WORDS : Tetralogy of Fallot; Pulmonary artery; Aorto-pulmonary collaterals; Echocardiography; Computed Tomography; Invasive angiocardiography","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"94 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between different complications of varicose veins and its rate of recurrence with the treatment undergone by the patient in short term. This study was reported for the first time from Republic of Mauritius. Over a year, a total of 25 patients with primary varicose veins were included, irrespective of type of treatment they underwent, with special emphasis on complication and recurrence rate of their treatment. In this study 52% of subjects were less than 60 years of age and the majority of them were male. The presence of diabetes mellitus and the occupation of the patients had no significant impact on their post-treatment prognosis. Out of 25 patients, 13 were treated surgically while 12 were treated conservatively. Nine patients in total developed some kind of complication on the post-treatment part. No recurrence was seen in post-surgical patients. This study definitely proved that the surgical treatment provides symptomatic relief and significant improvement in quality of life in patients referred to secondary care with uncomplicated varicose veins. KEY WORDS : Varicose veins; Conservative and surgical management; Complication; Recurrence rate
{"title":"A comparative study of conservative and surgical management of varicose veins with emphasis on complication and recurrence rate according to the treatment undergone by the patient in Mauritius","authors":"U. Murali, Sameer Harsolia","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between different complications of varicose veins and its rate of recurrence with the treatment undergone by the patient in short term. This study was reported for the first time from Republic of Mauritius. Over a year, a total of 25 patients with primary varicose veins were included, irrespective of type of treatment they underwent, with special emphasis on complication and recurrence rate of their treatment. In this study 52% of subjects were less than 60 years of age and the majority of them were male. The presence of diabetes mellitus and the occupation of the patients had no significant impact on their post-treatment prognosis. Out of 25 patients, 13 were treated surgically while 12 were treated conservatively. Nine patients in total developed some kind of complication on the post-treatment part. No recurrence was seen in post-surgical patients. This study definitely proved that the surgical treatment provides symptomatic relief and significant improvement in quality of life in patients referred to secondary care with uncomplicated varicose veins. KEY WORDS : Varicose veins; Conservative and surgical management; Complication; Recurrence rate","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"37 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86200585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculous bursitis in an immunocompetent patient is rare and needs a high index of suspicion for accurate diagnosis and management. We present a case of tubercular bursitis of the left greater trochanter in a 45 year old female, which was diagnosed on histopathology after surgical debridement and biopsy of the lesion. KEY WORDS : Tuberculous bursitis; Greater trochanter, Immunocompetent patient; Hip pain
{"title":"Case Report: Tuberculous trochanteric bursitis, a rare cause of hip pain in an immunocompetent patient: A case report","authors":"A. Rastogi, V. Verma, Y. Yadav, A. Singh","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V11I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous bursitis in an immunocompetent patient is rare and needs a high index of suspicion for accurate diagnosis and management. We present a case of tubercular bursitis of the left greater trochanter in a 45 year old female, which was diagnosed on histopathology after surgical debridement and biopsy of the lesion. KEY WORDS : Tuberculous bursitis; Greater trochanter, Immunocompetent patient; Hip pain","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"7 1","pages":"22-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86246218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pankaj Kumar, A. Kapoor, H. K. Singh, Malini Kulshrestha
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are keystones for therapy of hypertension in diabetes because they show favourable effects on diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease outcomes. A prospective, randomized, interventional clinical study of one year duration was conducted to comparatively evaluate anti-hypertensive efficacy and tolerability profile of ramipril versus telmisartan in stage 1 hypertensive patients associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, amongst patients of either sex attending the medicine OPD of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly. Clearance from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent of the participants was taken. The enrolled 222 patients were randomized into ramipril and telmisartan groups, of these only 192 patients completed the study. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by paired and unpaired t-test using SPSS software. Prevalence of hypertension in diabetics was more in 41 to 50 years age group, in females (male: female ratio= 0.92:1) and in rural areas (rural: urban ratio= 0.61:1). Baseline BP values were equally matched in both groups. The SBP and DBP were reduced from baseline in all the ten follow-ups and were statistically significant (p <0.0001 for both groups). Regarding adverse effects, both drugs were well tolerated though dry irritating cough and dizziness was more in ramipril group. Both ramipril and telmisartan as monotherapy were equally effective in lowering SBP and DBP on prolonged use in diabetic hypertensives but the incidence of adverse effects was higher with ramipril hence telmisartan be preferred. KEY WORDS : Ramipril; Telmisartan; Systolic; Diastolic blood pressure; Stage 1 hypertensive patients; Diabetes mellitus
{"title":"Randomized, interventional, prospective, comparative study to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of ramipril versus telmisartan in stage 1 hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus","authors":"Pankaj Kumar, A. Kapoor, H. K. Singh, Malini Kulshrestha","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are keystones for therapy of hypertension in diabetes because they show favourable effects on diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease outcomes. A prospective, randomized, interventional clinical study of one year duration was conducted to comparatively evaluate anti-hypertensive efficacy and tolerability profile of ramipril versus telmisartan in stage 1 hypertensive patients associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, amongst patients of either sex attending the medicine OPD of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly. Clearance from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent of the participants was taken. The enrolled 222 patients were randomized into ramipril and telmisartan groups, of these only 192 patients completed the study. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by paired and unpaired t-test using SPSS software. Prevalence of hypertension in diabetics was more in 41 to 50 years age group, in females (male: female ratio= 0.92:1) and in rural areas (rural: urban ratio= 0.61:1). Baseline BP values were equally matched in both groups. The SBP and DBP were reduced from baseline in all the ten follow-ups and were statistically significant (p <0.0001 for both groups). Regarding adverse effects, both drugs were well tolerated though dry irritating cough and dizziness was more in ramipril group. Both ramipril and telmisartan as monotherapy were equally effective in lowering SBP and DBP on prolonged use in diabetic hypertensives but the incidence of adverse effects was higher with ramipril hence telmisartan be preferred. KEY WORDS : Ramipril; Telmisartan; Systolic; Diastolic blood pressure; Stage 1 hypertensive patients; Diabetes mellitus","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"4 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) exposes women to a higher risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in later years of life. Newborns of mothers with GDM are at increased risk for acute perinatal complications including hypoglycaemia, jaundice and being large for gestational age. One of the mechanisms underlying glucose metabolism in pregnancy are a group of substances, which includes leptin and adiponectin, produced mainly in the adipose tissue; in this paper we analyze the role of these mediators in women with GDM. This case control study was performed in 90 females (30 GDM patients and 60 control subjects without GDM) referred to a tertiary care hospital. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose, leptin and adiponectin. Leptin and Adiponectin were analyzed using ELISA technique. In our study, the levels of fasting blood glucose were statistically significantly higher (p=0.000) in gestational diabetes patients as compared to controls. There was statistically significant positive correlation between blood glucose and leptin (p = 0.000, r = 0.585). There was statistically significant negative correlation between blood glucose and adiponectin(p = 0.000, r = -0.661). An amplification of the low-grade inflammation already existing in normal pregnancy may lead to increase in leptin and decrease in adiponectin. These factors may play a role in development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required for establishing them as a marker for gestational diabetes mellitus. KEY WORDS : Gestational diabetes mellitus; Leptin; Adiponectin
妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)使妇女在以后的生活中患2型糖尿病的风险更高。患有GDM母亲的新生儿患急性围产期并发症的风险增加，包括低血糖、黄疸和胎龄较大。妊娠期葡萄糖代谢的机制之一是一组主要在脂肪组织中产生的物质，包括瘦素和脂联素;在本文中，我们分析了这些介质在女性GDM中的作用。本病例对照研究在90名女性(30名GDM患者和60名无GDM的对照受试者)转介到三级保健医院进行。分析血液样本的空腹血糖、瘦素和脂联素。ELISA法测定瘦素和脂联素含量。在我们的研究中，与对照组相比，妊娠期糖尿病患者的空腹血糖水平有统计学意义上的升高(p=0.000)。血糖与瘦素呈正相关(p = 0.000, r = 0.585)。血糖与脂联素呈显著负相关(p = 0.000, r = -0.661)。正常妊娠中已经存在的低度炎症的扩大可能导致瘦素升高和脂联素降低。这些因素可能与妊娠期糖尿病的发生有关。将其作为妊娠期糖尿病的标志物还需要进一步的研究。关键词:妊娠期糖尿病;瘦素;脂联素
{"title":"Role of leptin and adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a study in a North Indian tertiary care hospital","authors":"V. Saini, M. Kataria, A. Yadav, Anju Jain","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) exposes women to a higher risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in later years of life. Newborns of mothers with GDM are at increased risk for acute perinatal complications including hypoglycaemia, jaundice and being large for gestational age. One of the mechanisms underlying glucose metabolism in pregnancy are a group of substances, which includes leptin and adiponectin, produced mainly in the adipose tissue; in this paper we analyze the role of these mediators in women with GDM. This case control study was performed in 90 females (30 GDM patients and 60 control subjects without GDM) referred to a tertiary care hospital. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose, leptin and adiponectin. Leptin and Adiponectin were analyzed using ELISA technique. In our study, the levels of fasting blood glucose were statistically significantly higher (p=0.000) in gestational diabetes patients as compared to controls. There was statistically significant positive correlation between blood glucose and leptin (p = 0.000, r = 0.585). There was statistically significant negative correlation between blood glucose and adiponectin(p = 0.000, r = -0.661). An amplification of the low-grade inflammation already existing in normal pregnancy may lead to increase in leptin and decrease in adiponectin. These factors may play a role in development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required for establishing them as a marker for gestational diabetes mellitus. KEY WORDS : Gestational diabetes mellitus; Leptin; Adiponectin","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"51 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85169431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moses B. Ekong, U. Ekpene, F. Thompson, A. Peter, Nab Udoh, G. J. Ekandem
Rauwolfia vomitoria and Gongronema latifolium are medicinal plants with antioxidant, antidiabetic and analgesic properties among others. R. vomitoria is reported to possess adverse neural effects, which G. latifolium has shown the potential to address. This study therefore investigated the effects of co-treatment of R. vomitoria and G. latifolium on the neurobehaviour and histology of the cerebral cortex of female mice. Twenty female Wistar mice were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D). Group A designated as the control received 0.4 mL of 20 % Tween, while groups B, C and D received oral doses of 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria (RV), 200 mg/kg of G. latifolium (GL) and a combination of 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and 200 mg/kg of G. latifolium (RV+GL), respectively for seven days. Light and dark field behaviour test was carried out on day 8 and the animals were immediately sacrificed. Their brains were excised and routinely processed by haematoxylin and eosin method. There was no difference in body and brain weights, and the behavioural parameters. Cellular cyto-architecture showed higher glial population with no apparent histopathology. The cellular population was higher (p<0.0001) in the RV and RV+GL groups, while the GL group was less (p<0.0001) populated all compared to the control.In conclusion, the reported treatment regimes, RV administered singly and in combination with GL may not affect some neurobehavioural activities, but may result in cellular increase in the cerebral cortex. KEY WORDS : Rauwolfia vomitoria; Gongronema latifolium ; Cerebral cortex; Mice
{"title":"Effects of co-treatment of Rauwolfia vomitoria and Gongronema latifolium on neurobehaviour and the neurohistology of the cerebral cortex in mice","authors":"Moses B. Ekong, U. Ekpene, F. Thompson, A. Peter, Nab Udoh, G. J. Ekandem","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V10I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Rauwolfia vomitoria and Gongronema latifolium are medicinal plants with antioxidant, antidiabetic and analgesic properties among others. R. vomitoria is reported to possess adverse neural effects, which G. latifolium has shown the potential to address. This study therefore investigated the effects of co-treatment of R. vomitoria and G. latifolium on the neurobehaviour and histology of the cerebral cortex of female mice. Twenty female Wistar mice were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D). Group A designated as the control received 0.4 mL of 20 % Tween, while groups B, C and D received oral doses of 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria (RV), 200 mg/kg of G. latifolium (GL) and a combination of 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and 200 mg/kg of G. latifolium (RV+GL), respectively for seven days. Light and dark field behaviour test was carried out on day 8 and the animals were immediately sacrificed. Their brains were excised and routinely processed by haematoxylin and eosin method. There was no difference in body and brain weights, and the behavioural parameters. Cellular cyto-architecture showed higher glial population with no apparent histopathology. The cellular population was higher (p<0.0001) in the RV and RV+GL groups, while the GL group was less (p<0.0001) populated all compared to the control.In conclusion, the reported treatment regimes, RV administered singly and in combination with GL may not affect some neurobehavioural activities, but may result in cellular increase in the cerebral cortex. KEY WORDS : Rauwolfia vomitoria; Gongronema latifolium ; Cerebral cortex; Mice","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73137831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension is now being widely reported in Africa and it is a major factor in the high mortality of adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately hypertension is often unnoticed and undiagnosed because it is usually asymptomatic. As such, many people with hypertension are unaware of their condition. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors and to assess the level of awareness of hypertensive status among the health workers. This study is a descriptive survey carried out among the health workers at the Baptist Medical Centre Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A total of 324 consenting health workers of the institution were enrolled for the study. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. Measurements of blood pressure, weight and height were carried out and body mass indices were calculated.The prevalence of hypertension is 20.1% in the studied population. A strong association was found between the prevalence of hypertension and increasing age, body mass index, alcohol consumption and duration of employment. Awareness of hypertensive status was good as 64.7% of the hypertensive subjects in this study were aware of their status.There is a higher awareness of hypertensive status among the health workers in this study than in the general populace. Approximately a third of the health workers were however unaware of their hypertensive status. This demonstrates the asymptomatic nature of the disease and as such routine screening is very important even among health workers. KEY WORDS : Awareness; Health workers; Hypertension; Nigeria; Prevalence
{"title":"Hypertension prevalence and awareness among a health workforce in Nigeria","authors":"A. Owolabi, M. Owolabi, A. OlaOlorun, I. Amole","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V10I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V10I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is now being widely reported in Africa and it is a major factor in the high mortality of adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately hypertension is often unnoticed and undiagnosed because it is usually asymptomatic. As such, many people with hypertension are unaware of their condition. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors and to assess the level of awareness of hypertensive status among the health workers. This study is a descriptive survey carried out among the health workers at the Baptist Medical Centre Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A total of 324 consenting health workers of the institution were enrolled for the study. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. Measurements of blood pressure, weight and height were carried out and body mass indices were calculated.The prevalence of hypertension is 20.1% in the studied population. A strong association was found between the prevalence of hypertension and increasing age, body mass index, alcohol consumption and duration of employment. Awareness of hypertensive status was good as 64.7% of the hypertensive subjects in this study were aware of their status.There is a higher awareness of hypertensive status among the health workers in this study than in the general populace. Approximately a third of the health workers were however unaware of their hypertensive status. This demonstrates the asymptomatic nature of the disease and as such routine screening is very important even among health workers. KEY WORDS : Awareness; Health workers; Hypertension; Nigeria; Prevalence","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"121 1 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80187123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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