Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1726513
W. M. Nascimento, Isis C. De Lucena, R. S. Macêdo, A. Pinheiro
ABSTRACT Rensch’s rule attempts to explain the evolutionary processes that have resulted in the current patterns of sexual size dimorphism of several taxa. This rule predicts that sexual size dimorphism increases according to the average body size, when males are larger, decreasing when females are the largest sex. In decapod crustaceans, the general pattern of sexual size dimorphism is males with hypertrophied structures used in agonistic disputes, and females with a greater expansion of the abdominal chamber. We analyzed sexual size dimorphism of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii and its relationship to Rensch’s rule, as well as the relative growth between the sexes, for subpopulations from the Rosário reservoir in Ceará state, Brazil. The results of sexual size dimorphism show that females are morphometrically larger than males. Such a pattern of sexual dimorphism probably results from the selection of female fecundity, giving them greatest fecundity. This pattern indicates a female-biased SSD for this species, supported by what is proposed in Rensch’s rule. In the relative growth analysis, the males and females showed negative allometry of the cheliped. The absence of cheliped hypertrophy in males may indicate the presence of ‘pure-search’ reproductive behaviour, thus, no agonistic disputes for females.
{"title":"Sexual size dimorphism of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) and its relationship to Rensch’s rule","authors":"W. M. Nascimento, Isis C. De Lucena, R. S. Macêdo, A. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2020.1726513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rensch’s rule attempts to explain the evolutionary processes that have resulted in the current patterns of sexual size dimorphism of several taxa. This rule predicts that sexual size dimorphism increases according to the average body size, when males are larger, decreasing when females are the largest sex. In decapod crustaceans, the general pattern of sexual size dimorphism is males with hypertrophied structures used in agonistic disputes, and females with a greater expansion of the abdominal chamber. We analyzed sexual size dimorphism of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii and its relationship to Rensch’s rule, as well as the relative growth between the sexes, for subpopulations from the Rosário reservoir in Ceará state, Brazil. The results of sexual size dimorphism show that females are morphometrically larger than males. Such a pattern of sexual dimorphism probably results from the selection of female fecundity, giving them greatest fecundity. This pattern indicates a female-biased SSD for this species, supported by what is proposed in Rensch’s rule. In the relative growth analysis, the males and females showed negative allometry of the cheliped. The absence of cheliped hypertrophy in males may indicate the presence of ‘pure-search’ reproductive behaviour, thus, no agonistic disputes for females.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45922300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515
Jiali Lin, Yuying Yuan, Xi Shi, Shaobin Fang, Yin Zhang, Mengyun Guan, Zhuofang Xie, Hongyu Ma, Fan Lin
ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differentiation and gonad development remain elusive in crustaceans. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a Sry-related high-mobility group family B2 gene (SpSoxB2) from an economic crustacean species, the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The SpSoxB2 encodes a putative HMG-box protein (317 amino acids) clustered with invertebrate Sox14 homologues in the SoxB2 subgroup, but shared low similarity with SpSox14. SpSoxB2 was expressed in the hepatopancreas, thoracic ganglion, and gonads (relatively higher expression in testis than ovary). In hepatopancreas, SpSoxB2 expression was not significantly affected by sex or gonadal development stages. In testis, it was demonstrated that the SpSoxB2 expression level increased from Stage I to Stage III and then decreased afterwards. During ovarian development, the SpSoxB2 expression level continually increased from Stage I to Stage V. Furthermore, fluorescence in-situ hybridization showed that SpSoxB2 transcripts were present in both somatic and developing germ cells in the gonads. In testis, SpSoxB2 transcripts were strongly localized in spermatocytes and spermatids. In ovary, SpSoxB2 transcripts were detected in follicle cells, oogonia and oocytes, with the strongest signal in follicle cells. Our results demonstrated that the SpSoxB2 gene may play an important role during gonadal development in mud crab.
{"title":"Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiles of a SoxB2 gene related to gonadal development in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain)","authors":"Jiali Lin, Yuying Yuan, Xi Shi, Shaobin Fang, Yin Zhang, Mengyun Guan, Zhuofang Xie, Hongyu Ma, Fan Lin","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differentiation and gonad development remain elusive in crustaceans. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a Sry-related high-mobility group family B2 gene (SpSoxB2) from an economic crustacean species, the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The SpSoxB2 encodes a putative HMG-box protein (317 amino acids) clustered with invertebrate Sox14 homologues in the SoxB2 subgroup, but shared low similarity with SpSox14. SpSoxB2 was expressed in the hepatopancreas, thoracic ganglion, and gonads (relatively higher expression in testis than ovary). In hepatopancreas, SpSoxB2 expression was not significantly affected by sex or gonadal development stages. In testis, it was demonstrated that the SpSoxB2 expression level increased from Stage I to Stage III and then decreased afterwards. During ovarian development, the SpSoxB2 expression level continually increased from Stage I to Stage V. Furthermore, fluorescence in-situ hybridization showed that SpSoxB2 transcripts were present in both somatic and developing germ cells in the gonads. In testis, SpSoxB2 transcripts were strongly localized in spermatocytes and spermatids. In ovary, SpSoxB2 transcripts were detected in follicle cells, oogonia and oocytes, with the strongest signal in follicle cells. Our results demonstrated that the SpSoxB2 gene may play an important role during gonadal development in mud crab.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1726514
D. Stojanović, B. Mitić, B. Dudić, Amna M. Gedged, V. Tomić, D. Antić, S. Makarov
ABSTRACT The first detailed description of early development of the recently described European geophilid Geophilus serbicus is presented. Based on specimens from a natural population from the Balkan Peninsula, new insight was gained into the reproductive and developmental biology of the group. Changes in the morphology of brooded specimens allow 15 early developmental stages obligatorily dependent on prolonged maternal care, arranged in three phases (embryonic, embryoid, and adolescent) to be distinguished. The embryonic phase includes eight stages, followed by an intermediate stage of hatching, followed in turn by five embryoid stages and one adolescens stage. Detailed morphological descriptions of all stages are provided. Adolescens I is recognized as the first stage at which species and sex identification are possible. Besides the description of the earliest stages, we provide notes on reproductive behaviour and ecological features of the species.
{"title":"Early development of the centipede Geophilus serbicus (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae) from the Balkan Peninsula","authors":"D. Stojanović, B. Mitić, B. Dudić, Amna M. Gedged, V. Tomić, D. Antić, S. Makarov","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2020.1726514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726514","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first detailed description of early development of the recently described European geophilid Geophilus serbicus is presented. Based on specimens from a natural population from the Balkan Peninsula, new insight was gained into the reproductive and developmental biology of the group. Changes in the morphology of brooded specimens allow 15 early developmental stages obligatorily dependent on prolonged maternal care, arranged in three phases (embryonic, embryoid, and adolescent) to be distinguished. The embryonic phase includes eight stages, followed by an intermediate stage of hatching, followed in turn by five embryoid stages and one adolescens stage. Detailed morphological descriptions of all stages are provided. Adolescens I is recognized as the first stage at which species and sex identification are possible. Besides the description of the earliest stages, we provide notes on reproductive behaviour and ecological features of the species.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2020.1726514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43193909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1694085
Ran Li, Xin Wang, Qinghao Meng, Liqi Ren, Jieyang Weng, Shen Wang, Jinsheng Sun
ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which promote mRNA degradation and inhibit mRNA translation. Through post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in regulating growth, development, metabolic, and reproductive processes. However, current knowledge on miRNAs in crustaceans is limited. In this study, we explored the potential roles of miRNAs in abdominal muscle of Neocaridina heteropoda of different body length. We constructed two small RNA libraries from muscle samples, and 26 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these novel miRNAs, 13 were found significantly differentially expressed. Specifically, 10 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 3 miRNAs were down-regulated in small shrimps compared with large ones. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-26 was associated with a large number of differentially expressed genes, including glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), and phosphofructokinase (Pfk), related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Besides, luciferase activity assay verified that Pepck was a direct target gene of the novel miR-26. The results imply potential growth regulatory roles for miRNAs and provide a valuable resource for further investigation of the miRNA mechanisms controlling muscle growth in N. heteropoda and other crustaceans. Abbreviations: Ago: argonaute; ANOVA: one-way analysis of variance; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; Glut1: glucose transporter 1; GO: Gene Ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; miRNA: microRNA; Pepck: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PPIs: predict protein-protein interactions; Pfk: phosphofructokinase; RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; sRNA: small RNA; dsDNA: double-stranded DNA; qPCR: quantitative PCR
{"title":"Characterization and differential expression of microRNA in the freshwater shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda) with different body length","authors":"Ran Li, Xin Wang, Qinghao Meng, Liqi Ren, Jieyang Weng, Shen Wang, Jinsheng Sun","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1694085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1694085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which promote mRNA degradation and inhibit mRNA translation. Through post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in regulating growth, development, metabolic, and reproductive processes. However, current knowledge on miRNAs in crustaceans is limited. In this study, we explored the potential roles of miRNAs in abdominal muscle of Neocaridina heteropoda of different body length. We constructed two small RNA libraries from muscle samples, and 26 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these novel miRNAs, 13 were found significantly differentially expressed. Specifically, 10 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 3 miRNAs were down-regulated in small shrimps compared with large ones. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-26 was associated with a large number of differentially expressed genes, including glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), and phosphofructokinase (Pfk), related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Besides, luciferase activity assay verified that Pepck was a direct target gene of the novel miR-26. The results imply potential growth regulatory roles for miRNAs and provide a valuable resource for further investigation of the miRNA mechanisms controlling muscle growth in N. heteropoda and other crustaceans. Abbreviations: Ago: argonaute; ANOVA: one-way analysis of variance; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; Glut1: glucose transporter 1; GO: Gene Ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; miRNA: microRNA; Pepck: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PPIs: predict protein-protein interactions; Pfk: phosphofructokinase; RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; sRNA: small RNA; dsDNA: double-stranded DNA; qPCR: quantitative PCR","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1694085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1655104
Paulo Almeida, L. N. da Silva, R. A. Shinozaki-Mendes
ABSTRACT The reproductive pattern of Goyazana castelnaui is described based on the variation of gonadal maturation stages and secondary sexual characteristics. We analyzed 89 specimens from the Pajeú River in the semiarid region of Brazil from September 2014 to August 2015. The average sex ratio was 1F: 0.5M. The carapace width (CW) and weight of females ranged from 1.18 to 4.97 cm and 1.76 to 37.46 g. Male carapace width and weight were between 1.05 and 4.34 cm and 1.11 to 39.71 g. Goyazana castelnaui had a seasonal reproductive cycle that was more active between September and December. Gonad maturation was before the pubertal moult. The spawning season began in August when temperature increased, and ended in February. The onset of the rainy season (November) is thought to be the trigger for a decline in spawning. The gonads of females and males became mature at the same CW50 (2.84 cm). This size is smaller than the morphometric maturation size: 3.85 cm CW in females and 3.65 cm CW in males. This first contribution to the reproductive biology of G. castelnaui should be a basis for further research on its reproduction, especially in other areas of its distribution. Abbreviations: AM: adult male; AF: adult female; °C: Celsius degree; cm: centimeters; Cw: carapace width; CNPq: Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; F: female; FC: folicular cells; g: grams; h: hour; INPE: National Institute of Space Research; JF: juvenile female; JM: juvenile male; M: male; MO: mature oocytes; mm: millimeters; µm: micrometer; OO: oogonia; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; PE: Pernambuco; PRPPG: Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduate; PSW: pleon segment width; PVO: pre-vitellogenic oocytes; PVD: posterior vas deferens; RCL: right chela length; RC: ruptured cells; SM: spermatophoric matrix; SP: Spermatophores S: south; Tw: Total weight; UFRPE: Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; VO: vitelogenic oocytes; W: west;
{"title":"Reproductive biology of the freshwater crab Goyazana castelnaui (Brachyura: Trichodactylidae) in a semiarid region of Brazil","authors":"Paulo Almeida, L. N. da Silva, R. A. Shinozaki-Mendes","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1655104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1655104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reproductive pattern of Goyazana castelnaui is described based on the variation of gonadal maturation stages and secondary sexual characteristics. We analyzed 89 specimens from the Pajeú River in the semiarid region of Brazil from September 2014 to August 2015. The average sex ratio was 1F: 0.5M. The carapace width (CW) and weight of females ranged from 1.18 to 4.97 cm and 1.76 to 37.46 g. Male carapace width and weight were between 1.05 and 4.34 cm and 1.11 to 39.71 g. Goyazana castelnaui had a seasonal reproductive cycle that was more active between September and December. Gonad maturation was before the pubertal moult. The spawning season began in August when temperature increased, and ended in February. The onset of the rainy season (November) is thought to be the trigger for a decline in spawning. The gonads of females and males became mature at the same CW50 (2.84 cm). This size is smaller than the morphometric maturation size: 3.85 cm CW in females and 3.65 cm CW in males. This first contribution to the reproductive biology of G. castelnaui should be a basis for further research on its reproduction, especially in other areas of its distribution. Abbreviations: AM: adult male; AF: adult female; °C: Celsius degree; cm: centimeters; Cw: carapace width; CNPq: Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; F: female; FC: folicular cells; g: grams; h: hour; INPE: National Institute of Space Research; JF: juvenile female; JM: juvenile male; M: male; MO: mature oocytes; mm: millimeters; µm: micrometer; OO: oogonia; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; PE: Pernambuco; PRPPG: Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduate; PSW: pleon segment width; PVO: pre-vitellogenic oocytes; PVD: posterior vas deferens; RCL: right chela length; RC: ruptured cells; SM: spermatophoric matrix; SP: Spermatophores S: south; Tw: Total weight; UFRPE: Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; VO: vitelogenic oocytes; W: west;","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1655104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59535232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1695681
J. Buckland-Nicks, A. Fields
ABSTRACT Eusperm and parasperm ultrastructure have been studied for the first time in the neogastropod Plicopurpura patula. Eusperm structure is typical of many Neogastropoda, in which an apical bleb characterizes the conical acrosome with subacrosomal granule; the nucleus is tubular and penetrated to its tip by basal body and axoneme; the mid-piece comprises spiral mitochondria that ensheath the axoneme but terminate at the annulus, defining the junction with the end-piece. In the proximal portion of the end-piece dense tracts of glycogen match the axoneme but these disappear distally. The parasperm is unusual in having no axonemes and no motility was observed. Eusperm do not attach to parasperm, as occurs in the similar nurse cells of Littorinimorpha, thus potential functions may be limited to some form of paternity assurance as occurs in some insects. The nucleus of the parasperm is eliminated during paraspermiogenesis, but there is considerable post-transcriptional secretion activity resulting in the production of a variety of granules, some rich in glycoproteins. A prominent paracrystalline rod accumulates in the centre of the parasperm also from Golgi-derived secretions. Preliminary evidence from proteomics suggests that this parasperm carries the heat shock protein HSP70 that could play a role in fertilization inside the female.
{"title":"Genesis and structure of eusperm and parasperm of Plicopurpura patula in relation to phylogeny of Neogastropoda: proteomics of parasperm suggests role in paternity assurance","authors":"J. Buckland-Nicks, A. Fields","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1695681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1695681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eusperm and parasperm ultrastructure have been studied for the first time in the neogastropod Plicopurpura patula. Eusperm structure is typical of many Neogastropoda, in which an apical bleb characterizes the conical acrosome with subacrosomal granule; the nucleus is tubular and penetrated to its tip by basal body and axoneme; the mid-piece comprises spiral mitochondria that ensheath the axoneme but terminate at the annulus, defining the junction with the end-piece. In the proximal portion of the end-piece dense tracts of glycogen match the axoneme but these disappear distally. The parasperm is unusual in having no axonemes and no motility was observed. Eusperm do not attach to parasperm, as occurs in the similar nurse cells of Littorinimorpha, thus potential functions may be limited to some form of paternity assurance as occurs in some insects. The nucleus of the parasperm is eliminated during paraspermiogenesis, but there is considerable post-transcriptional secretion activity resulting in the production of a variety of granules, some rich in glycoproteins. A prominent paracrystalline rod accumulates in the centre of the parasperm also from Golgi-derived secretions. Preliminary evidence from proteomics suggests that this parasperm carries the heat shock protein HSP70 that could play a role in fertilization inside the female.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1695681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1699610
O. Marescalchi, G. Gargiulo, Rosanna Falconi
ABSTRACT Germline precursors that can be present in asexual animals have never been characterized in aeolosomatids, minute meiofaunal Annelida usually reproducing by paratomic fission with pygidial budding. We investigated if Aeolosoma hemprichi and Aeolosoma viride still have the ability to naturally produce germ cells using an antibody raised against Vasa protein, which is a conserved germline marker. In A. hemprichi the anti-Vasa antibody recognized groups of cells floating in the coelom of the first zooid in subgroups that produce only a few eggs sporadically and also in those reproducing exclusively by paratomic fission. The presence of Vasa was also detected in the asexually formed second zooid. In A. viride, devoid of natural sexuality, the antibody evidenced randomly distributed cells in the coelomic cavity of the first zooid. Western blots of total protein extracts of adult animals of both species detected the presence of Vasa as a single band with a molecular weight corresponding to that observed in other polychaetes. The positive response of Vasa in western blots, along with the presence of labelled cells in the coelom of A. viride and in the growing zooid of A. hemprichi, suggest the ability to transmit the germline precursors asexually.
{"title":"Evidence of germline precursors in asexually reproducing Aeolosoma hemprichi and Aeolosoma viride (Annelida, Aeolosomatidae)","authors":"O. Marescalchi, G. Gargiulo, Rosanna Falconi","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1699610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1699610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Germline precursors that can be present in asexual animals have never been characterized in aeolosomatids, minute meiofaunal Annelida usually reproducing by paratomic fission with pygidial budding. We investigated if Aeolosoma hemprichi and Aeolosoma viride still have the ability to naturally produce germ cells using an antibody raised against Vasa protein, which is a conserved germline marker. In A. hemprichi the anti-Vasa antibody recognized groups of cells floating in the coelom of the first zooid in subgroups that produce only a few eggs sporadically and also in those reproducing exclusively by paratomic fission. The presence of Vasa was also detected in the asexually formed second zooid. In A. viride, devoid of natural sexuality, the antibody evidenced randomly distributed cells in the coelomic cavity of the first zooid. Western blots of total protein extracts of adult animals of both species detected the presence of Vasa as a single band with a molecular weight corresponding to that observed in other polychaetes. The positive response of Vasa in western blots, along with the presence of labelled cells in the coelom of A. viride and in the growing zooid of A. hemprichi, suggest the ability to transmit the germline precursors asexually.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1699610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1669727
Shambhavi P. Hungund, A. Pradeep, Pooja Makwana, C. Sagar, R. Mishra
ABSTRACT Activation of cellular defence and immunity in the ovary is critical to protect it from pathogenic infection. In this study cellular and innate immunity in larval and pupal ovaries of Bombyx mori induced by the microsporidian Nosema bombycis is reported. Autophagic vacuoles enclosing spores in flat cells of the larval ovarian disc revealed cellular defence. In the follicular epithelium of differentiated previtellogenic ovarioles of infected pupae, a network of RER and phagosomes observed probably to maintain cellular homeostasis. In larval and pupal ovaries, paralytic peptide titre, tyrosine content and phenoloxidase activity were enhanced revealing greater melanisation, which was confirmed by activation of melanisation genes, DDC, prophenoloxidase activating enzyme, prophenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) and PPO2 after infection. βGRP-2, βGRP-4, CTL-11, Humoral lectin, Toll-6, Spätzle, Cactus, Relish, Pelle, and Dorsal genes showed differential expression in infected larval and pupal ovaries. Pupal ovarioles showed decreased expression and lower Spätzle titre than the larval ovary revealing suppression of innate immunity in the pupal ovary. Dorsal showed decreased expression, however, Pelle enhanced expression to maintain immunity through alternate components in differentiated ovarioles. Our data showed that coupled with cellular defence reactions, innate immune reactions and melanisation are activated in the developing ovary to defend against N. bombycis infection.
{"title":"Cellular defence and innate immunity in the larval ovarian disc and differentiated ovariole of the silkworm Bombyx mori induced by microsporidian infection","authors":"Shambhavi P. Hungund, A. Pradeep, Pooja Makwana, C. Sagar, R. Mishra","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1669727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1669727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Activation of cellular defence and immunity in the ovary is critical to protect it from pathogenic infection. In this study cellular and innate immunity in larval and pupal ovaries of Bombyx mori induced by the microsporidian Nosema bombycis is reported. Autophagic vacuoles enclosing spores in flat cells of the larval ovarian disc revealed cellular defence. In the follicular epithelium of differentiated previtellogenic ovarioles of infected pupae, a network of RER and phagosomes observed probably to maintain cellular homeostasis. In larval and pupal ovaries, paralytic peptide titre, tyrosine content and phenoloxidase activity were enhanced revealing greater melanisation, which was confirmed by activation of melanisation genes, DDC, prophenoloxidase activating enzyme, prophenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) and PPO2 after infection. βGRP-2, βGRP-4, CTL-11, Humoral lectin, Toll-6, Spätzle, Cactus, Relish, Pelle, and Dorsal genes showed differential expression in infected larval and pupal ovaries. Pupal ovarioles showed decreased expression and lower Spätzle titre than the larval ovary revealing suppression of innate immunity in the pupal ovary. Dorsal showed decreased expression, however, Pelle enhanced expression to maintain immunity through alternate components in differentiated ovarioles. Our data showed that coupled with cellular defence reactions, innate immune reactions and melanisation are activated in the developing ovary to defend against N. bombycis infection.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1669727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1692915
A. Kremenetskaia, O. Ezhova, A. Drozdov, E. Rybakova, A. Gebruk
ABSTRACT Internal gonad morphology was examined in two species of elpidiid holothurians, Elpidia heckeri and Kolga hyalina, commonly occurring in the Central Arctic Ocean. The holothurians were sampled in August – September 2012 and in August 2018, at several locations in the Nansen and Amundsen Basins, in areas under the constant ice cover and in areas free of ice. Both species were observed at different reproductive stages and both are presumed to reproduce periodically. In 2012, spawning occurred at the beginning of September in Elpidia heckeri and from late August to early September in Kolga hyalina. There are reasons to believe that gametogenesis in K. hyalina depends on the availability of freshly deposited phytodetritus. The maximum oocyte size in Kolga hyalina (240 μm) was smaller than in Elpidia heckeri (390 μm).
{"title":"On the reproduction of two deep-sea Arctic holothurians, Elpidia heckeri and Kolga hyalina (Holothuroidea:Elpidiidae)","authors":"A. Kremenetskaia, O. Ezhova, A. Drozdov, E. Rybakova, A. Gebruk","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1692915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1692915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Internal gonad morphology was examined in two species of elpidiid holothurians, Elpidia heckeri and Kolga hyalina, commonly occurring in the Central Arctic Ocean. The holothurians were sampled in August – September 2012 and in August 2018, at several locations in the Nansen and Amundsen Basins, in areas under the constant ice cover and in areas free of ice. Both species were observed at different reproductive stages and both are presumed to reproduce periodically. In 2012, spawning occurred at the beginning of September in Elpidia heckeri and from late August to early September in Kolga hyalina. There are reasons to believe that gametogenesis in K. hyalina depends on the availability of freshly deposited phytodetritus. The maximum oocyte size in Kolga hyalina (240 μm) was smaller than in Elpidia heckeri (390 μm).","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1692915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1678527
R. B. Ituarte, A. Giovagnoli, M. G. Vázquez, Claudia Cristina Bas
ABSTRACT Our understanding of physiological carryover effects from embryos on post-hatching performance is still limited for aquatic organisms that brood embryos externally. We examined the effects of embryonic care experience (mother presence/absence) on larval development in the freshwater shrimp Palaemon argentinus. We compared survival rate, developmental time and number of moults …until the juvenile stage, between… larvae coming from sibling embryos isolated (in vitro) and attached (in vivo) to the female in two salinities (2, 15 PSU). Survival rates of larvae showed no changes in response to either the type of embryonic culture (in vivo/in vitro) or salinity treatment (average survival 62 ± 12%), although embryonic developmental rates were always faster for in vitro cultures. Low salinity lengthened larval development and larvae coming from the in vitro cultures showed the strongest responses: the juvenile was reached later with the greatest and most variable number of moults. High salinity allowed larvae to reach the juvenile stage sooner and with less moults, irrespective of the embryonic care experience. Despite the usefulness of the in vitro technique for excluding maternal influence as potentially confounding source of variation, our results warn about physiological carryover effects on post-hatching performance.
{"title":"Carryover effects from embryos on larval performance in the freshwater shrimp Palaemon argentinus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)","authors":"R. B. Ituarte, A. Giovagnoli, M. G. Vázquez, Claudia Cristina Bas","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2019.1678527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1678527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our understanding of physiological carryover effects from embryos on post-hatching performance is still limited for aquatic organisms that brood embryos externally. We examined the effects of embryonic care experience (mother presence/absence) on larval development in the freshwater shrimp Palaemon argentinus. We compared survival rate, developmental time and number of moults …until the juvenile stage, between… larvae coming from sibling embryos isolated (in vitro) and attached (in vivo) to the female in two salinities (2, 15 PSU). Survival rates of larvae showed no changes in response to either the type of embryonic culture (in vivo/in vitro) or salinity treatment (average survival 62 ± 12%), although embryonic developmental rates were always faster for in vitro cultures. Low salinity lengthened larval development and larvae coming from the in vitro cultures showed the strongest responses: the juvenile was reached later with the greatest and most variable number of moults. High salinity allowed larvae to reach the juvenile stage sooner and with less moults, irrespective of the embryonic care experience. Despite the usefulness of the in vitro technique for excluding maternal influence as potentially confounding source of variation, our results warn about physiological carryover effects on post-hatching performance.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07924259.2019.1678527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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