Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2070438
M. Cumplido, M. C. Damborenea, G. Bigatti
ABSTRACT The edible marine gastropod Trophon geversianus shows a large geographic distribution along the southern tip of South America, inhabiting both rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, with distinct behavioural responses to environmental stressful conditions (desiccation, temperature amplitude and high irradiation). Nevertheless, its reproductive biology has been poorly reported to date. We studied the gametogenic cycle of an intertidal rocky shore population from northern Patagonia (Argentina), in order to investigate the relation between gonadal changes and seasonal environmental variables. Mature individuals were taken monthly during an annual reproductive season and processed by standard histology procedures (haematoxylin and eosin). Adults of T. geversianus registered different gonadal maturation stages along the year, showing a marked seasonal variation without a resting period. The highest gamete evacuation season in both sexes was registered when the environmental stress was minimum (winter), while a greater number of individuals with gonads in proliferation and growth were predominant during maximum environmental stress (summer). The reproduction pattern presented an extended period of evacuation and a short phase of non-evacuation, associated to drastic seasonal environmental changes in the intertidal zone of Atlantic Patagonia. This information is useful to protect the resource and assure the sustainability of intertidal populations.
{"title":"Gametogenic cycle of the marine gastropod Trophon geversianus in a harsh Patagonian intertidal environment","authors":"M. Cumplido, M. C. Damborenea, G. Bigatti","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2070438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2070438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The edible marine gastropod Trophon geversianus shows a large geographic distribution along the southern tip of South America, inhabiting both rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, with distinct behavioural responses to environmental stressful conditions (desiccation, temperature amplitude and high irradiation). Nevertheless, its reproductive biology has been poorly reported to date. We studied the gametogenic cycle of an intertidal rocky shore population from northern Patagonia (Argentina), in order to investigate the relation between gonadal changes and seasonal environmental variables. Mature individuals were taken monthly during an annual reproductive season and processed by standard histology procedures (haematoxylin and eosin). Adults of T. geversianus registered different gonadal maturation stages along the year, showing a marked seasonal variation without a resting period. The highest gamete evacuation season in both sexes was registered when the environmental stress was minimum (winter), while a greater number of individuals with gonads in proliferation and growth were predominant during maximum environmental stress (summer). The reproduction pattern presented an extended period of evacuation and a short phase of non-evacuation, associated to drastic seasonal environmental changes in the intertidal zone of Atlantic Patagonia. This information is useful to protect the resource and assure the sustainability of intertidal populations.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"135 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44123380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2073277
D. Sahu, K.P. Singh
ABSTRACT The chemical composition of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EO), and its efficacy on the development and metamorphosis of polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini was assessed. The chemical composition of the S. aromaticum EO was analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method. The major volatile components present in the EO were eugenol, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllenyl alcohol, α-humulene, clovene, globulol, and eugenyl acetate. For topical bioassay, EO was tested against the sixth (penultimate) and seventh (ultimate) larval instars of P. ricini resulted in the disruption of normal moulting and metamorphosis, leading to various developmental aberrations. The results comprised larval mortality, delayed larval-larval, and larval-pupal ecdysis duration, ecdysial failure, formation of non-viable intermediates, emergence of abnormal adults, reduced pupation, and inhibition of total adult emergence. This study also reports about the juvenoid nature of clove oil for the first time. Our finding demonstrates that S. aromaticum EO has significant negative effects on P. ricini, and suggests that it can be implemented for the successful control of this economically important insect.
{"title":"Developmental inhibitory effect of the Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on the postembryonic stages of a polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)","authors":"D. Sahu, K.P. Singh","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2073277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2073277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The chemical composition of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EO), and its efficacy on the development and metamorphosis of polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini was assessed. The chemical composition of the S. aromaticum EO was analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method. The major volatile components present in the EO were eugenol, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllenyl alcohol, α-humulene, clovene, globulol, and eugenyl acetate. For topical bioassay, EO was tested against the sixth (penultimate) and seventh (ultimate) larval instars of P. ricini resulted in the disruption of normal moulting and metamorphosis, leading to various developmental aberrations. The results comprised larval mortality, delayed larval-larval, and larval-pupal ecdysis duration, ecdysial failure, formation of non-viable intermediates, emergence of abnormal adults, reduced pupation, and inhibition of total adult emergence. This study also reports about the juvenoid nature of clove oil for the first time. Our finding demonstrates that S. aromaticum EO has significant negative effects on P. ricini, and suggests that it can be implemented for the successful control of this economically important insect.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"147 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2075285
Dina Housam Abd El-Monem Ahmed
ABSTRACT The application of nuclear techniques to control one of the most important lepidopteran insect pests: the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis is discussed in this study. All experiments had the objective of finding the dose of gamma radiation capable of causing sterility in the first generations by irradiating the parental generation. For S. littoralis, 6th instar larvae were irradiated with doses of 40, 80, 120 and 160 Gy. The larval survival was 93%, 90%, 88%, 85% and 97% at 40, 80, 120, 160 and 0 Gy, respectively. The pupal survival was 88, 85, 83, 80 and 98% at the same doses. Hence, there was a reduction in survival and emergence to the adult stage after treating S. littoralis larvae with radiation. Also, the latent effects of the tested gamma doses on 6th instar larvae of S. littoralis are recorded. The total number of eggs/female and egg fertility were significantly reduced as compared to control, these effects were increased with increasing the dose. It is concluded that radiation is a promising control method for S. littoralis and other related lepidopteran species.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of gamma radiation on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Dina Housam Abd El-Monem Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2075285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2075285","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The application of nuclear techniques to control one of the most important lepidopteran insect pests: the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis is discussed in this study. All experiments had the objective of finding the dose of gamma radiation capable of causing sterility in the first generations by irradiating the parental generation. For S. littoralis, 6th instar larvae were irradiated with doses of 40, 80, 120 and 160 Gy. The larval survival was 93%, 90%, 88%, 85% and 97% at 40, 80, 120, 160 and 0 Gy, respectively. The pupal survival was 88, 85, 83, 80 and 98% at the same doses. Hence, there was a reduction in survival and emergence to the adult stage after treating S. littoralis larvae with radiation. Also, the latent effects of the tested gamma doses on 6th instar larvae of S. littoralis are recorded. The total number of eggs/female and egg fertility were significantly reduced as compared to control, these effects were increased with increasing the dose. It is concluded that radiation is a promising control method for S. littoralis and other related lepidopteran species.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"157 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42449180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2056092
H. Marco, L. Auerswald, T. G. Matumba, G. Gäde
ABSTRACT Astaxanthin, the dominant carotenoid pigment in the South African spiny lobster, Jasus lalandii, was quantified in haemolymph and tissue extracts by means of reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography and analysed with respect to growth and reproduction cycles of adults. Haemolymph, exoskeleton, muscle, gonads and hepatopancreas from both sexes, as well as egg parcels from berried females were collected within days of removing the animals from the ocean. The astaxanthin profile is, therefore, representative of spiny lobsters in the wild. Astaxanthin is significantly more in exoskeleton, ovaries and egg parcels, and is influenced by the ovarian cycle in females: it accumulated in growing oocytes and remained in the extruded eggs ostensibly for protection as antioxidant. Radioactive inulin was used to determine total haemolymph volume of a spiny lobster and the gravimetric contribution of body organs and various tissues to the total weight of these animals were measured: muscle tissue constitutes 33% of the total wet weight of J. lalandii, while haemolymph (22%) and exoskeleton (20%) are other major contributors. For maximal harvesting of astaxanthin from carcases, it would thus, be best to focus only on the exoskeleton with an emphasis on the carapace, which can be easily removed.
{"title":"Distribution of astaxanthin in the spiny lobster Jasus lalandii: trends during biological cycles","authors":"H. Marco, L. Auerswald, T. G. Matumba, G. Gäde","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2056092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2056092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Astaxanthin, the dominant carotenoid pigment in the South African spiny lobster, Jasus lalandii, was quantified in haemolymph and tissue extracts by means of reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography and analysed with respect to growth and reproduction cycles of adults. Haemolymph, exoskeleton, muscle, gonads and hepatopancreas from both sexes, as well as egg parcels from berried females were collected within days of removing the animals from the ocean. The astaxanthin profile is, therefore, representative of spiny lobsters in the wild. Astaxanthin is significantly more in exoskeleton, ovaries and egg parcels, and is influenced by the ovarian cycle in females: it accumulated in growing oocytes and remained in the extruded eggs ostensibly for protection as antioxidant. Radioactive inulin was used to determine total haemolymph volume of a spiny lobster and the gravimetric contribution of body organs and various tissues to the total weight of these animals were measured: muscle tissue constitutes 33% of the total wet weight of J. lalandii, while haemolymph (22%) and exoskeleton (20%) are other major contributors. For maximal harvesting of astaxanthin from carcases, it would thus, be best to focus only on the exoskeleton with an emphasis on the carapace, which can be easily removed.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"120 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2043466
Andrea Toso, A. Giangrande
ABSTRACT Reproduction of the terebellid Eupolymnia nesidensis was investigated in a population from the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean, South Italy). This species has a worldwide distribution and is very common on Mediterranean hard substrata covered by algae. Observations revealed a spawning period across springtime with lecithotrophic development occurring inside a jelly mass, with eggs measuring 210 μm in diameter. Juveniles leave the jelly mass after 12–13 days building a transitory tube and exhibiting a vagile benthic behaviour, incorporating food directly through the mouth opening. During the juvenile stage, at day ~100, an ontogenetic shift related to feeding behaviour was observed. Specifically, the vagile feeding behaviour was replaced by the adult feeding strategy with the use of the fully developed head tentacles.
{"title":"Development and ontogenetic changes of feeding behaviour during juvenile early growth of Eupolymnia nesidensis (Annelida, Terebellidae)","authors":"Andrea Toso, A. Giangrande","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2043466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2043466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reproduction of the terebellid Eupolymnia nesidensis was investigated in a population from the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean, South Italy). This species has a worldwide distribution and is very common on Mediterranean hard substrata covered by algae. Observations revealed a spawning period across springtime with lecithotrophic development occurring inside a jelly mass, with eggs measuring 210 μm in diameter. Juveniles leave the jelly mass after 12–13 days building a transitory tube and exhibiting a vagile benthic behaviour, incorporating food directly through the mouth opening. During the juvenile stage, at day ~100, an ontogenetic shift related to feeding behaviour was observed. Specifically, the vagile feeding behaviour was replaced by the adult feeding strategy with the use of the fully developed head tentacles.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"25 10","pages":"109 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41296033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30Print Date: 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0047
Müge Çınar, Gonca Kılıç Yıldırım, Sinem Kocagil, Oğuz Çilingir
Objectives: The aim of our study was to define the genotype-phenotype correlations of mutations in the PAH gene among the Turkey's Central Anatolian region.
Methods: Demographic characteristics of 108 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and 94 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by PAH gene analysis (Sanger DNA Sequence Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing) were determined retrospectively. Blood phenylalanine levels were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.
Results: Mild HPA-not-requiring-treatment (NT) was found in 50.9% of the patients, and a classical phenylketonuria (PKU) phenotype was found in 25.9%. Forty-seven types of variants were identified. The predominant variants were p.Ala403Val (9.9%), p.Ala300Ser (9.4%), and c.1066-11G>A (splicing) (9.4%). Missense mutations accounted for 68% of mutations and attenuated the clinical impact; splice variations were found in 14.8% of cases with severe features. The p.Thr380Met allele was specific to the mild HPA-NT group. The c.1066-11G>A (splicing) allele was associated with classical PKU, whereas the p.Arg408Trp allele was linked to severe symptoms. Three variations of unknown clinical significance were discovered: c.706+4A>T (splicing), c.843-5T>C (splicing), and p.Thr323=. Of these variants, the patient who was homozygous for the c.843-5T>C (splicing) allele related to the classical PKU phenotype. 70% of the patients who underwent tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) test were responsive. Phenotypes that responded to BH4 treatment were mostly mild phenotypes.
Conclusions: The PAH genotype is the main factor that determines the phenotype of PKU. Establishing the relationship between the identified genetic mutations and phenotypic characteristics will provide very important data for each patient in terms of the specific management style.
{"title":"Spectrum of <i>PAH</i> gene mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Turkey.","authors":"Müge Çınar, Gonca Kılıç Yıldırım, Sinem Kocagil, Oğuz Çilingir","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of our study was to define the genotype-phenotype correlations of mutations in the <i>PAH</i> gene among the Turkey's Central Anatolian region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic characteristics of 108 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and 94 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by <i>PAH</i> gene analysis (Sanger DNA Sequence Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing) were determined retrospectively. Blood phenylalanine levels were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mild HPA-not-requiring-treatment (NT) was found in 50.9% of the patients, and a classical phenylketonuria (PKU) phenotype was found in 25.9%. Forty-seven types of variants were identified. The predominant variants were p.Ala403Val (9.9%), p.Ala300Ser (9.4%), and c.1066-11G>A (splicing) (9.4%). Missense mutations accounted for 68% of mutations and attenuated the clinical impact; splice variations were found in 14.8% of cases with severe features. The p.Thr380Met allele was specific to the mild HPA-NT group. The c.1066-11G>A (splicing) allele was associated with classical PKU, whereas the p.Arg408Trp allele was linked to severe symptoms. Three variations of unknown clinical significance were discovered: c.706+4A>T (splicing), c.843-5T>C (splicing), and p.Thr323=. Of these variants, the patient who was homozygous for the c.843-5T>C (splicing) allele related to the classical PKU phenotype. 70% of the patients who underwent tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) test were responsive. Phenotypes that responded to BH4 treatment were mostly mild phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The <i>PAH</i> genotype is the main factor that determines the phenotype of PKU. Establishing the relationship between the identified genetic mutations and phenotypic characteristics will provide very important data for each patient in terms of the specific management style.</p>","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"53 1","pages":"639-647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81553808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2039308
E. Sokolova, Julia K. Zograf, V. V. Yushin
ABSTRACT Sperm ultrastructure of the hairworm Gordionus alpestris (Nematomorpha, Chordodidae) was studied. Spermatozoa are elongated aflagellate cells of clavate shape. Their dilated anterior part consists of an acrosomal complex comprising an apical acrosomal vesicle and axial acrosomal tube enveloped by an acrosomal sheath of four membrane-bound compartments. The basal part of the tube contains a cluster of vesicles. The slender posterior part of the spermatozoa includes an axial nucleus without a nuclear envelope surrounded by a halo and multivesicular complex composed of cisternae arranged into three layers. Spermatozoa of G. alpestris are nearly identical in size, proportion and internal structure to those of other gordiid spermatozoa. This uniformity makes spermatozoa useless for taxon descriptions and differentiation of Gordiida. The basic pattern of spermatozoon structure in Gordiida is not fully understood and requires more detailed studies. Controversies include absence or presence of the nuclear envelope and mitochondria, together with interpretation of the halo surrounding nuclei and membranous compartments of the acrosomal and multivesicular complexes. Detailed study of sperm development together with cytochemical analysis of components such as mitochondria, acrosome, perforatorium and halo might be helpful for understanding sperm relationships of Gordiida and Nematoda.
{"title":"Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of a hairworm Gordionus alpestris (Villot, 1885) (Nematomorpha, Chordodidae)","authors":"E. Sokolova, Julia K. Zograf, V. V. Yushin","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2039308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2039308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sperm ultrastructure of the hairworm Gordionus alpestris (Nematomorpha, Chordodidae) was studied. Spermatozoa are elongated aflagellate cells of clavate shape. Their dilated anterior part consists of an acrosomal complex comprising an apical acrosomal vesicle and axial acrosomal tube enveloped by an acrosomal sheath of four membrane-bound compartments. The basal part of the tube contains a cluster of vesicles. The slender posterior part of the spermatozoa includes an axial nucleus without a nuclear envelope surrounded by a halo and multivesicular complex composed of cisternae arranged into three layers. Spermatozoa of G. alpestris are nearly identical in size, proportion and internal structure to those of other gordiid spermatozoa. This uniformity makes spermatozoa useless for taxon descriptions and differentiation of Gordiida. The basic pattern of spermatozoon structure in Gordiida is not fully understood and requires more detailed studies. Controversies include absence or presence of the nuclear envelope and mitochondria, together with interpretation of the halo surrounding nuclei and membranous compartments of the acrosomal and multivesicular complexes. Detailed study of sperm development together with cytochemical analysis of components such as mitochondria, acrosome, perforatorium and halo might be helpful for understanding sperm relationships of Gordiida and Nematoda.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"88 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-27DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2043467
G. Montesanto, F. Riva
ABSTRACT The postmarsupial manca stages of Armadillidium ficalbii Arcangeli, 1911 were studied in detail by morphological analysis. Ovigerous females were reared separately under controlled conditions, allowing us to follow the stages of development from release from the marsupium until the appearance of the first juvenile stage, identified by the full development of the seventh pair of pereopods. Each newborn was followed to record the subsequent moults that identify the three postmarsupial manca stages. Manca stage M I had a mean duration of 10 h, manca stage M II 8–9 days, and manca stage M III 9–10 days. The cephalothorax width was measured to provide a growth measure for each stage. The mean values of the cephalothorax width were: 0.589 mm for M I, 0.718 mm for M II and 1.274 mm for M III. The morphological modifications in the three postmarsupial manca stages were described, the body parts illustrated, and SEM images taken. The distinguishing characteristics among mancas were discussed, and comparisons made with manca stages of other terrestrial isopod species.
{"title":"Description of the postmarsupial manca stages of Armadillidium ficalbii (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)","authors":"G. Montesanto, F. Riva","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2043467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2043467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The postmarsupial manca stages of Armadillidium ficalbii Arcangeli, 1911 were studied in detail by morphological analysis. Ovigerous females were reared separately under controlled conditions, allowing us to follow the stages of development from release from the marsupium until the appearance of the first juvenile stage, identified by the full development of the seventh pair of pereopods. Each newborn was followed to record the subsequent moults that identify the three postmarsupial manca stages. Manca stage M I had a mean duration of 10 h, manca stage M II 8–9 days, and manca stage M III 9–10 days. The cephalothorax width was measured to provide a growth measure for each stage. The mean values of the cephalothorax width were: 0.589 mm for M I, 0.718 mm for M II and 1.274 mm for M III. The morphological modifications in the three postmarsupial manca stages were described, the body parts illustrated, and SEM images taken. The distinguishing characteristics among mancas were discussed, and comparisons made with manca stages of other terrestrial isopod species.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"97 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2038289
J. Hamel, A. Mercier
ABSTRACT While larval ecology is central to the population dynamics of marine benthic species with multiphasic life histories, the adaptations of larvae to environmental variability remain incompletely understood in many species. Using the holothuroid echinoderm (sea cucumber) Isostichopus fuscus, we examined how a planktotrophic species can use pre-competency plasticity to withstand suboptimal conditions of temperature over extended periods. Five cohorts of propagules (embryos/larvae) were exposed to temperature treatments (28–29, 24–25 and 20–22°C) in standardized culture settings. Under the coldest temperatures (typical of offshore upwelling areas), development mirrored that obtained under warmer temperatures until the early auricularia stage, where development was arrested for ~5 months in a manner consistent with quiescence. When temperature was increased again, larvae quickly resumed development and settled; no lasting negative impact was noted. The findings suggest that the larvae can use a form of dormancy to withstand suboptimal oceanic conditions for indefinite periods of time until successful delivery to appropriate inshore locations, the habitat were I. fuscus is exclusively found.
{"title":"Experimental evidence suggesting temperature-driven dormancy in the planktotrophic larvae of the sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus","authors":"J. Hamel, A. Mercier","doi":"10.1080/07924259.2022.2038289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2022.2038289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While larval ecology is central to the population dynamics of marine benthic species with multiphasic life histories, the adaptations of larvae to environmental variability remain incompletely understood in many species. Using the holothuroid echinoderm (sea cucumber) Isostichopus fuscus, we examined how a planktotrophic species can use pre-competency plasticity to withstand suboptimal conditions of temperature over extended periods. Five cohorts of propagules (embryos/larvae) were exposed to temperature treatments (28–29, 24–25 and 20–22°C) in standardized culture settings. Under the coldest temperatures (typical of offshore upwelling areas), development mirrored that obtained under warmer temperatures until the early auricularia stage, where development was arrested for ~5 months in a manner consistent with quiescence. When temperature was increased again, larvae quickly resumed development and settled; no lasting negative impact was noted. The findings suggest that the larvae can use a form of dormancy to withstand suboptimal oceanic conditions for indefinite periods of time until successful delivery to appropriate inshore locations, the habitat were I. fuscus is exclusively found.","PeriodicalId":14482,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Reproduction & Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"79 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2021.2019843
Tiantian Chen, Yingzhu Diao, Ruihan Xu, Na Sheng, Fan Liu, Qiming Xie, Shiping Su, K. Ma, Xilei Li
ABSTRACT The sesquiterpenoid methyl farnesoate (MF), a crustacean equivalent of juvenile hormone (JH III), plays important roles in regulating many physiological processes in crustaceans, especially ovarian development and reproduction. Previous research indicates that degradation of MF in crustaceans is similar to JH III degradation, and involves specific carboxylesterases. Juvenile hormone esterase hydrolase (JHEH) is another important enzyme responsible for JH inactivation in insects. In this study, the full-length cDNA of EsJHEH-like was identified and characterized in Eriocheir sinensis. Sequence analysis showed that EsJHEH-like belongs to the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) family containing several typical motifs. Quantitative PCR results showed that EsJHEH-like was expressed primarily in the hepatopancreas. During ovarian development, EsJHEH-like mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas was elevated specifically in the early vitellogenic stage, prior to the remarkable rise in haemolymph MF titre reported in previous studies, but no significant changes in the ovary. In addition, EsJHEH-like expression in the hepatopancreas was notably greater than in the ovary at each stage except for previtellogenic oocytes. Furthermore, EsJHEH-like expression in the hepatopancreas was significantly induced in vitro and in vivo, but not in the ovary. Taken together, these results suggest that EsJHEH-like may potentially serve as an MF hydrolase involved in the degradation of MF.
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