{"title":"Optimization of Baiting Bioassay for the Detection of Phytophthora Spp. From Infested Citrus Soils and Virulence Evaluation of the Recovered Isolates","authors":"Arwa Ajengui, S. Chebil, D. Trabelsi","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007011114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007011114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Handapangoda, P. Seneviratne, N. Nayanakantha, S. Subasinghe
The present study was undertaken to ascertain the growth, morphological and bud grafting performance of eight rubber clones viz. RRIC 100, RRIC 102, RRIC 121, RRISL 203, RRISL 217, RRISL 2001, PB 86 and PB 260 in bud wood nurseries established in Egaloya (wet zone) and Ampara (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. Root stock nurseries were established in Egaloya, Ampara and Moneragala (intermediate zone). The clone RRIC 121 recorded the highest growth rate and number of usable buds followed by RRISL 2001 and RRISL 203 and the lowest in RRIC 102 followed by RRISL 217in bud wood nurseries established in both Egaloya and Ampara. RRIC 121 showed the highest bud grafting success in Moneragala, while RRIC 102 in Egaloya and PB 260 in Ampara. Nevertheless, the clone RRISL 203 ranked the lowest for the same attribute in Moneragala while RRIC 100 in Ampara and Egaloya respectively.
{"title":"Assessments on growth and morphological attributes of bud wood nursery plants of rubber in different agro-climatic regions of Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Handapangoda, P. Seneviratne, N. Nayanakantha, S. Subasinghe","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007012126","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to ascertain the growth, morphological and bud grafting performance of eight rubber clones viz. RRIC 100, RRIC 102, RRIC 121, RRISL 203, RRISL 217, RRISL 2001, PB 86 and PB 260 in bud wood nurseries established in Egaloya (wet zone) and Ampara (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. Root stock nurseries were established in Egaloya, Ampara and Moneragala (intermediate zone). The clone RRIC 121 recorded the highest growth rate and number of usable buds followed by RRISL 2001 and RRISL 203 and the lowest in RRIC 102 followed by RRISL 217in bud wood nurseries established in both Egaloya and Ampara. RRIC 121 showed the highest bud grafting success in Moneragala, while RRIC 102 in Egaloya and PB 260 in Ampara. Nevertheless, the clone RRISL 203 ranked the lowest for the same attribute in Moneragala while RRIC 100 in Ampara and Egaloya respectively.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Histomorphological study of small intestine in indigenous ducks Anasplatyrhynchoswas carried out for thirty adult indigenous ducks (male and female). Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were studied grossly and histologically. Anatomically, the small intestine appeared as a smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish and glistening. The duodenum has a U shape loop extend caudal to the gizzard. The pancreatic and bile ducts opened in the end of its ascending limb.The Jejunum and ileum were arranged in large parallel U shaped loops. The mucous membrane of the small intestines has a velvety appearance. Female had significanthigher than male in the mean length, weight and volume of total small intestine and for each intestinal segment separately. The celiac artery and its branches supply the small intestine.Histologically, the wall of the small intestine was consisted of four tunicae mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa.The mucosa of the small intestine had a distinctive feature by the presence of villi and the crypts of lieberkuhn which covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The villi had different shapes in different segments of small intestine.The goblet cells were increased in number towards ileum with PAS and AB positive reactions. No Paneth cells were observed. No sex differences in the shape of the villi, height of columnar cells, villus height, crypts depth, ratio of villus height to crypts depth and the number of goblet cells in the three segments of small intestine.
{"title":"Morphological and HistochemicalStudy of Small Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Anasplayrhynchos)","authors":"I. Khaleel, Ghassan Daoud Atiea","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007021927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007021927","url":null,"abstract":"Histomorphological study of small intestine in indigenous ducks Anasplatyrhynchoswas carried out for thirty adult indigenous ducks (male and female). Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were studied grossly and histologically. Anatomically, the small intestine appeared as a smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish and glistening. The duodenum has a U shape loop extend caudal to the gizzard. The pancreatic and bile ducts opened in the end of its ascending limb.The Jejunum and ileum were arranged in large parallel U shaped loops. The mucous membrane of the small intestines has a velvety appearance. Female had significanthigher than male in the mean length, weight and volume of total small intestine and for each intestinal segment separately. The celiac artery and its branches supply the small intestine.Histologically, the wall of the small intestine was consisted of four tunicae mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa.The mucosa of the small intestine had a distinctive feature by the presence of villi and the crypts of lieberkuhn which covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The villi had different shapes in different segments of small intestine.The goblet cells were increased in number towards ileum with PAS and AB positive reactions. No Paneth cells were observed. No sex differences in the shape of the villi, height of columnar cells, villus height, crypts depth, ratio of villus height to crypts depth and the number of goblet cells in the three segments of small intestine.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Some Physiological Markers for Early Embryonic death in Pregnant She-camels Under Egyptian Conditions.","authors":"T. Mostafa, A. El-Salaam, A. Abdel-Khalek","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007024559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007024559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74337997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) plant is widely adopted and can tolerate frost, drought and salinity conditions. In the present study, a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of guava (P. guajava L.) from nodal segments of adult trees grown in the field was established. Explants collected in Autumn and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) at 8.9 μM, plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.98 μM showed the best response in the in vitro establishment (91.7% sprouting percentage and shoot length of 1.75 cm). In addition, 100 mg/l ascorbic acid and 150 mg/l citric acid as antioxidants and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 100 mg/l and activated charcoal (AC) at 2 g/l as absorbents were added to the establishment medium to reduce phenolic compounds. Regarding average number and length of shoots per explant, BA was more effective than kinetin (kin). Maximum rooting percentage (66.7%) occurred on solid halfstrength MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 9.8 μM. Fifty percent (50%) rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse in soil mixture of sand, grand soil and peat moss at equal volumes, and subsequently established outside the greenhouse.
{"title":"Micropropagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.)","authors":"S. Hassanen, Mohamed I. Daib, S. Omar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007022835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007022835","url":null,"abstract":"Guava (Psidium guajava L.) plant is widely adopted and can tolerate frost, drought and salinity conditions. In the present study, a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of guava (P. guajava L.) from nodal segments of adult trees grown in the field was established. Explants collected in Autumn and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) at 8.9 μM, plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.98 μM showed the best response in the in vitro establishment (91.7% sprouting percentage and shoot length of 1.75 cm). In addition, 100 mg/l ascorbic acid and 150 mg/l citric acid as antioxidants and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 100 mg/l and activated charcoal (AC) at 2 g/l as absorbents were added to the establishment medium to reduce phenolic compounds. Regarding average number and length of shoots per explant, BA was more effective than kinetin (kin). Maximum rooting percentage (66.7%) occurred on solid halfstrength MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 9.8 μM. Fifty percent (50%) rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse in soil mixture of sand, grand soil and peat moss at equal volumes, and subsequently established outside the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decreasing trend in acceptability, yield and income realized from water yam (Dioscorea alata) production in South Eastern Nigeria informed this study. It specifically examined respondents enterprise profitability, the socio-economic determinants of output, production system and constraints to production. Multi-stage and random sampling procedure were used in selecting 120 respondents from three of the five states in the region. Pre-tested questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection while descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that majority (67%) of the respondents were males, 75% were married with mean household size of 5 persons and mean educational attainment of 8 years. Farming systems adopted by the farmers included mixed and continuous cropping, and farm sizes of less than one hectare. Output was significantly and positively determined by educational level, gender, farm size, cost of inputs, number of extension visits and amount of credit obtained. The enterprise was profitable judging by the positive values of gross margin, net farm income, mean net farm income and net return on investment of N1,893,114, N1,705,965, N14,216.38 and 0.39 respectively. Production was majorly constrained by high cost of labour, low acceptability and demand of product, lack of improved varieties as well as poor technical know-how. Research institutes should focus efforts on upgrading the yield and quality of the variety while government provides enabling incentives to the extension agencies and farmers, to enhance their outputs and ensure improvement in product supply and acceptability.
{"title":"Economics of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Production in South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"M. C. Nwike, T. O. Okoli, C. Ugwumba","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007021318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007021318","url":null,"abstract":"The decreasing trend in acceptability, yield and income realized from water yam (Dioscorea alata) production in South Eastern Nigeria informed this study. It specifically examined respondents enterprise profitability, the socio-economic determinants of output, production system and constraints to production. Multi-stage and random sampling procedure were used in selecting 120 respondents from three of the five states in the region. Pre-tested questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection while descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that majority (67%) of the respondents were males, 75% were married with mean household size of 5 persons and mean educational attainment of 8 years. Farming systems adopted by the farmers included mixed and continuous cropping, and farm sizes of less than one hectare. Output was significantly and positively determined by educational level, gender, farm size, cost of inputs, number of extension visits and amount of credit obtained. The enterprise was profitable judging by the positive values of gross margin, net farm income, mean net farm income and net return on investment of N1,893,114, N1,705,965, N14,216.38 and 0.39 respectively. Production was majorly constrained by high cost of labour, low acceptability and demand of product, lack of improved varieties as well as poor technical know-how. Research institutes should focus efforts on upgrading the yield and quality of the variety while government provides enabling incentives to the extension agencies and farmers, to enhance their outputs and ensure improvement in product supply and acceptability.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81758954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is the conventional source of energy in broilers ration in Nigeria. The ever growing demand for maize for human consumption, livestock feeds and some industrial uses has pushed its market price to an alarming height. The Metabolizable energy value of maize and sorghum are 3432 and 3256 kcal/kg respectively, the crude protein content of maize and sorghum are 9.0 and 11.0 respectively, the crude fat values of maize and sorghum are 3.25 and 4.25% while the crude fibre of maize and sorghum are 2.7 and 2.0 respectively. Sorghum is suitable alternatives to maize considering the cost, availability and their nutritive value. Several research findings revealed that there is no significant (P<0.05) difference in the performance parameters among the three energy sources. Alternative sources of energy will reduce the cost of feeds; improve protein availability and intake, increase efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens as well as the improving the profit margin of the poultry producers.
{"title":"Utilization of Sorghum as Energy Source in the Diets of Broilerchickens: A Review","authors":"Maidala Maidala, A. Aminu, Sadiya Sadiya, M. Musa","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006021316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006021316","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the conventional source of energy in broilers ration in Nigeria. The ever growing demand for maize for human consumption, livestock feeds and some industrial uses has pushed its market price to an alarming height. The Metabolizable energy value of maize and sorghum are 3432 and 3256 kcal/kg respectively, the crude protein content of maize and sorghum are 9.0 and 11.0 respectively, the crude fat values of maize and sorghum are 3.25 and 4.25% while the crude fibre of maize and sorghum are 2.7 and 2.0 respectively. Sorghum is suitable alternatives to maize considering the cost, availability and their nutritive value. Several research findings revealed that there is no significant (P<0.05) difference in the performance parameters among the three energy sources. Alternative sources of energy will reduce the cost of feeds; improve protein availability and intake, increase efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens as well as the improving the profit margin of the poultry producers.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76349652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ekawati, Hari Sudarmadji, Isdiantoni dan Zasli Purwanto
The condition of soil fertility in the Village Patean and Gedungan is decreasing due to farmers behavior in using excessive inorganic fertilizer. It cause decreasing of the rice yield that can be threatening the sustainibility of food self-sufficiency. A dissemination activities of organic fertilizer and pesticides is needed to change the behavior of farmers. The aims of dissemination are: a) increasing the knowledge of organic fertilizers and pesticides by the members of Sumber Hasil and Aruma Jaya farmer groups, b) developing knowledge of utilizing of local resources for producing organic fertilizer and pesticides c) applying organic fertilizers and pesticides to improve soil fertility and stabilizing the rice production. The activities that conducted to namely: a) Extension of organic fertilizer and pesticide use to improve soil fertility and crop production in a sustainable manner, b) Training of fertilizers and organic pesticides using by utilizing local resources, c) demonstration plots of the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers and organic pesticides on rice cultivation, d) field meeting to discuss the results of demonstration plots of organic fertilizer and pesticide application, e) mentoring the farmers of rice cultivation using organic fertilizers and pesticides from planting to harvesting preparation (tillage, application of organic fertilizer, seed selection, planting system SRI, fertilization, pest and disease control, harvesting). The results showed that the farmer realized that the dosage of inorganic fertilizer used in rice farming was excessive, farmers were full-awared and skilled in the technology of organic fertilizers and pesticides as much as 70% of total local farmers, and more than 3% of local farmers have been applied the organic pesticides and fertilizer on the rice cultivation.
{"title":"Innovation of Organic Fertilizer and Pesticides Technology Based on Local-Natural Resources to Support Food Self-Sufficiency Sustainibility","authors":"I. Ekawati, Hari Sudarmadji, Isdiantoni dan Zasli Purwanto","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007010106","url":null,"abstract":"The condition of soil fertility in the Village Patean and Gedungan is decreasing due to farmers behavior in using excessive inorganic fertilizer. It cause decreasing of the rice yield that can be threatening the sustainibility of food self-sufficiency. A dissemination activities of organic fertilizer and pesticides is needed to change the behavior of farmers. The aims of dissemination are: a) increasing the knowledge of organic fertilizers and pesticides by the members of Sumber Hasil and Aruma Jaya farmer groups, b) developing knowledge of utilizing of local resources for producing organic fertilizer and pesticides c) applying organic fertilizers and pesticides to improve soil fertility and stabilizing the rice production. The activities that conducted to namely: a) Extension of organic fertilizer and pesticide use to improve soil fertility and crop production in a sustainable manner, b) Training of fertilizers and organic pesticides using by utilizing local resources, c) demonstration plots of the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers and organic pesticides on rice cultivation, d) field meeting to discuss the results of demonstration plots of organic fertilizer and pesticide application, e) mentoring the farmers of rice cultivation using organic fertilizers and pesticides from planting to harvesting preparation (tillage, application of organic fertilizer, seed selection, planting system SRI, fertilization, pest and disease control, harvesting). The results showed that the farmer realized that the dosage of inorganic fertilizer used in rice farming was excessive, farmers were full-awared and skilled in the technology of organic fertilizers and pesticides as much as 70% of total local farmers, and more than 3% of local farmers have been applied the organic pesticides and fertilizer on the rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88033964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a type of oxygen-derived free radicals which are produced normally in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation, but they are degraded and removed by cellular defense systems. When the production of ROS increases or the scavenging systems are ineffective, the result is an excess of these free radicals, leading to a condition called oxidative stress.ROS damage DNA, biomembrane lipids, proteins and other macromolecules. These phenomena contribute to the development of several metabolic dysfunctions, including cell death by causing “oxidative stress” and “oxidative damage.The detrimental effects of high ambient temperature on broiler performance have been widely documented. Feed consumption and growth rate decrease at high ambient temperature. Antioxidant status of the organism is depleted as result of heat induced oxidative stress The degree of lipid peroxidation is used as an indicator of ROS mediated damage and the concentration of MDA in blood and tissues are generally used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition analyses of the activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase are important in determining whether oxidative stress reactions are induced in cells and which cells or organs have been damaged. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid are free radical quenchers,and thereforealleviate the negative effect of heat stress and may stimulate the biosynthesis and secretion of antioxidant enzymes which scavenge the free radicals.
{"title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers in evaluation of therapeutic potential of Ascorbic acidin poultry under hot Climate","authors":"S. Kakkar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007024144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007024144","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a type of oxygen-derived free radicals which are produced normally in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation, but they are degraded and removed by cellular defense systems. When the production of ROS increases or the scavenging systems are ineffective, the result is an excess of these free radicals, leading to a condition called oxidative stress.ROS damage DNA, biomembrane lipids, proteins and other macromolecules. These phenomena contribute to the development of several metabolic dysfunctions, including cell death by causing “oxidative stress” and “oxidative damage.The detrimental effects of high ambient temperature on broiler performance have been widely documented. Feed consumption and growth rate decrease at high ambient temperature. Antioxidant status of the organism is depleted as result of heat induced oxidative stress The degree of lipid peroxidation is used as an indicator of ROS mediated damage and the concentration of MDA in blood and tissues are generally used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition analyses of the activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase are important in determining whether oxidative stress reactions are induced in cells and which cells or organs have been damaged. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid are free radical quenchers,and thereforealleviate the negative effect of heat stress and may stimulate the biosynthesis and secretion of antioxidant enzymes which scavenge the free radicals.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87567809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social capital has been focus of interest in considerable social science academic circles in recent years. Development of communities is a continuous process in order to sustain communities through utilizing their assets in a world that is increasingly becoming unpredictable and difficult in terms of togetherness and caring concerns for sustainability. The paper looked first at rural communities and the way social capital is built and utilized positively for community development despite lots of challenges. Social capital in agriculture was reviewed from rural community perspectives and seen as a motivating and gluing force for communitarian work that benefits the agriculture. The development of social capital as unseen capital in any society will provide the community members the force to forge ahead in whatever self-help endeavor their community resolved to undertake. The paper also considers the other side of the coin and looked at marginal community members that did not subscribe to social capital and became excluded from the beneficial collective actions of the majority. The paper lastly, posits that social capital in agricultural communities will go a long way in empowering community members to sustainably produce food and develop their communities.
{"title":"Social capital in agricultural community development: a review","authors":"M. Ibrahim, S. Hassan, D. Sanyang","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007010710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007010710","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital has been focus of interest in considerable social science academic circles in recent years. Development of communities is a continuous process in order to sustain communities through utilizing their assets in a world that is increasingly becoming unpredictable and difficult in terms of togetherness and caring concerns for sustainability. The paper looked first at rural communities and the way social capital is built and utilized positively for community development despite lots of challenges. Social capital in agriculture was reviewed from rural community perspectives and seen as a motivating and gluing force for communitarian work that benefits the agriculture. The development of social capital as unseen capital in any society will provide the community members the force to forge ahead in whatever self-help endeavor their community resolved to undertake. The paper also considers the other side of the coin and looked at marginal community members that did not subscribe to social capital and became excluded from the beneficial collective actions of the majority. The paper lastly, posits that social capital in agricultural communities will go a long way in empowering community members to sustainably produce food and develop their communities.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"07-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84931571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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