{"title":"Optimization of Baiting Bioassay for the Detection of Phytophthora Spp. From Infested Citrus Soils and Virulence Evaluation of the Recovered Isolates","authors":"Arwa Ajengui, S. Chebil, D. Trabelsi","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007011114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007011114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Handapangoda, P. Seneviratne, N. Nayanakantha, S. Subasinghe
The present study was undertaken to ascertain the growth, morphological and bud grafting performance of eight rubber clones viz. RRIC 100, RRIC 102, RRIC 121, RRISL 203, RRISL 217, RRISL 2001, PB 86 and PB 260 in bud wood nurseries established in Egaloya (wet zone) and Ampara (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. Root stock nurseries were established in Egaloya, Ampara and Moneragala (intermediate zone). The clone RRIC 121 recorded the highest growth rate and number of usable buds followed by RRISL 2001 and RRISL 203 and the lowest in RRIC 102 followed by RRISL 217in bud wood nurseries established in both Egaloya and Ampara. RRIC 121 showed the highest bud grafting success in Moneragala, while RRIC 102 in Egaloya and PB 260 in Ampara. Nevertheless, the clone RRISL 203 ranked the lowest for the same attribute in Moneragala while RRIC 100 in Ampara and Egaloya respectively.
{"title":"Assessments on growth and morphological attributes of bud wood nursery plants of rubber in different agro-climatic regions of Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Handapangoda, P. Seneviratne, N. Nayanakantha, S. Subasinghe","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007012126","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to ascertain the growth, morphological and bud grafting performance of eight rubber clones viz. RRIC 100, RRIC 102, RRIC 121, RRISL 203, RRISL 217, RRISL 2001, PB 86 and PB 260 in bud wood nurseries established in Egaloya (wet zone) and Ampara (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. Root stock nurseries were established in Egaloya, Ampara and Moneragala (intermediate zone). The clone RRIC 121 recorded the highest growth rate and number of usable buds followed by RRISL 2001 and RRISL 203 and the lowest in RRIC 102 followed by RRISL 217in bud wood nurseries established in both Egaloya and Ampara. RRIC 121 showed the highest bud grafting success in Moneragala, while RRIC 102 in Egaloya and PB 260 in Ampara. Nevertheless, the clone RRISL 203 ranked the lowest for the same attribute in Moneragala while RRIC 100 in Ampara and Egaloya respectively.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Histomorphological study of small intestine in indigenous ducks Anasplatyrhynchoswas carried out for thirty adult indigenous ducks (male and female). Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were studied grossly and histologically. Anatomically, the small intestine appeared as a smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish and glistening. The duodenum has a U shape loop extend caudal to the gizzard. The pancreatic and bile ducts opened in the end of its ascending limb.The Jejunum and ileum were arranged in large parallel U shaped loops. The mucous membrane of the small intestines has a velvety appearance. Female had significanthigher than male in the mean length, weight and volume of total small intestine and for each intestinal segment separately. The celiac artery and its branches supply the small intestine.Histologically, the wall of the small intestine was consisted of four tunicae mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa.The mucosa of the small intestine had a distinctive feature by the presence of villi and the crypts of lieberkuhn which covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The villi had different shapes in different segments of small intestine.The goblet cells were increased in number towards ileum with PAS and AB positive reactions. No Paneth cells were observed. No sex differences in the shape of the villi, height of columnar cells, villus height, crypts depth, ratio of villus height to crypts depth and the number of goblet cells in the three segments of small intestine.
{"title":"Morphological and HistochemicalStudy of Small Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Anasplayrhynchos)","authors":"I. Khaleel, Ghassan Daoud Atiea","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007021927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007021927","url":null,"abstract":"Histomorphological study of small intestine in indigenous ducks Anasplatyrhynchoswas carried out for thirty adult indigenous ducks (male and female). Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were studied grossly and histologically. Anatomically, the small intestine appeared as a smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish and glistening. The duodenum has a U shape loop extend caudal to the gizzard. The pancreatic and bile ducts opened in the end of its ascending limb.The Jejunum and ileum were arranged in large parallel U shaped loops. The mucous membrane of the small intestines has a velvety appearance. Female had significanthigher than male in the mean length, weight and volume of total small intestine and for each intestinal segment separately. The celiac artery and its branches supply the small intestine.Histologically, the wall of the small intestine was consisted of four tunicae mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa.The mucosa of the small intestine had a distinctive feature by the presence of villi and the crypts of lieberkuhn which covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The villi had different shapes in different segments of small intestine.The goblet cells were increased in number towards ileum with PAS and AB positive reactions. No Paneth cells were observed. No sex differences in the shape of the villi, height of columnar cells, villus height, crypts depth, ratio of villus height to crypts depth and the number of goblet cells in the three segments of small intestine.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Some Physiological Markers for Early Embryonic death in Pregnant She-camels Under Egyptian Conditions.","authors":"T. Mostafa, A. El-Salaam, A. Abdel-Khalek","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007024559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007024559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74337997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is the conventional source of energy in broilers ration in Nigeria. The ever growing demand for maize for human consumption, livestock feeds and some industrial uses has pushed its market price to an alarming height. The Metabolizable energy value of maize and sorghum are 3432 and 3256 kcal/kg respectively, the crude protein content of maize and sorghum are 9.0 and 11.0 respectively, the crude fat values of maize and sorghum are 3.25 and 4.25% while the crude fibre of maize and sorghum are 2.7 and 2.0 respectively. Sorghum is suitable alternatives to maize considering the cost, availability and their nutritive value. Several research findings revealed that there is no significant (P<0.05) difference in the performance parameters among the three energy sources. Alternative sources of energy will reduce the cost of feeds; improve protein availability and intake, increase efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens as well as the improving the profit margin of the poultry producers.
{"title":"Utilization of Sorghum as Energy Source in the Diets of Broilerchickens: A Review","authors":"Maidala Maidala, A. Aminu, Sadiya Sadiya, M. Musa","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006021316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006021316","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the conventional source of energy in broilers ration in Nigeria. The ever growing demand for maize for human consumption, livestock feeds and some industrial uses has pushed its market price to an alarming height. The Metabolizable energy value of maize and sorghum are 3432 and 3256 kcal/kg respectively, the crude protein content of maize and sorghum are 9.0 and 11.0 respectively, the crude fat values of maize and sorghum are 3.25 and 4.25% while the crude fibre of maize and sorghum are 2.7 and 2.0 respectively. Sorghum is suitable alternatives to maize considering the cost, availability and their nutritive value. Several research findings revealed that there is no significant (P<0.05) difference in the performance parameters among the three energy sources. Alternative sources of energy will reduce the cost of feeds; improve protein availability and intake, increase efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens as well as the improving the profit margin of the poultry producers.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76349652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) plant is widely adopted and can tolerate frost, drought and salinity conditions. In the present study, a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of guava (P. guajava L.) from nodal segments of adult trees grown in the field was established. Explants collected in Autumn and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) at 8.9 μM, plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.98 μM showed the best response in the in vitro establishment (91.7% sprouting percentage and shoot length of 1.75 cm). In addition, 100 mg/l ascorbic acid and 150 mg/l citric acid as antioxidants and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 100 mg/l and activated charcoal (AC) at 2 g/l as absorbents were added to the establishment medium to reduce phenolic compounds. Regarding average number and length of shoots per explant, BA was more effective than kinetin (kin). Maximum rooting percentage (66.7%) occurred on solid halfstrength MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 9.8 μM. Fifty percent (50%) rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse in soil mixture of sand, grand soil and peat moss at equal volumes, and subsequently established outside the greenhouse.
{"title":"Micropropagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.)","authors":"S. Hassanen, Mohamed I. Daib, S. Omar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007022835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007022835","url":null,"abstract":"Guava (Psidium guajava L.) plant is widely adopted and can tolerate frost, drought and salinity conditions. In the present study, a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of guava (P. guajava L.) from nodal segments of adult trees grown in the field was established. Explants collected in Autumn and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) at 8.9 μM, plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.98 μM showed the best response in the in vitro establishment (91.7% sprouting percentage and shoot length of 1.75 cm). In addition, 100 mg/l ascorbic acid and 150 mg/l citric acid as antioxidants and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 100 mg/l and activated charcoal (AC) at 2 g/l as absorbents were added to the establishment medium to reduce phenolic compounds. Regarding average number and length of shoots per explant, BA was more effective than kinetin (kin). Maximum rooting percentage (66.7%) occurred on solid halfstrength MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 9.8 μM. Fifty percent (50%) rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse in soil mixture of sand, grand soil and peat moss at equal volumes, and subsequently established outside the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decreasing trend in acceptability, yield and income realized from water yam (Dioscorea alata) production in South Eastern Nigeria informed this study. It specifically examined respondents enterprise profitability, the socio-economic determinants of output, production system and constraints to production. Multi-stage and random sampling procedure were used in selecting 120 respondents from three of the five states in the region. Pre-tested questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection while descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that majority (67%) of the respondents were males, 75% were married with mean household size of 5 persons and mean educational attainment of 8 years. Farming systems adopted by the farmers included mixed and continuous cropping, and farm sizes of less than one hectare. Output was significantly and positively determined by educational level, gender, farm size, cost of inputs, number of extension visits and amount of credit obtained. The enterprise was profitable judging by the positive values of gross margin, net farm income, mean net farm income and net return on investment of N1,893,114, N1,705,965, N14,216.38 and 0.39 respectively. Production was majorly constrained by high cost of labour, low acceptability and demand of product, lack of improved varieties as well as poor technical know-how. Research institutes should focus efforts on upgrading the yield and quality of the variety while government provides enabling incentives to the extension agencies and farmers, to enhance their outputs and ensure improvement in product supply and acceptability.
{"title":"Economics of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Production in South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"M. C. Nwike, T. O. Okoli, C. Ugwumba","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007021318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007021318","url":null,"abstract":"The decreasing trend in acceptability, yield and income realized from water yam (Dioscorea alata) production in South Eastern Nigeria informed this study. It specifically examined respondents enterprise profitability, the socio-economic determinants of output, production system and constraints to production. Multi-stage and random sampling procedure were used in selecting 120 respondents from three of the five states in the region. Pre-tested questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection while descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that majority (67%) of the respondents were males, 75% were married with mean household size of 5 persons and mean educational attainment of 8 years. Farming systems adopted by the farmers included mixed and continuous cropping, and farm sizes of less than one hectare. Output was significantly and positively determined by educational level, gender, farm size, cost of inputs, number of extension visits and amount of credit obtained. The enterprise was profitable judging by the positive values of gross margin, net farm income, mean net farm income and net return on investment of N1,893,114, N1,705,965, N14,216.38 and 0.39 respectively. Production was majorly constrained by high cost of labour, low acceptability and demand of product, lack of improved varieties as well as poor technical know-how. Research institutes should focus efforts on upgrading the yield and quality of the variety while government provides enabling incentives to the extension agencies and farmers, to enhance their outputs and ensure improvement in product supply and acceptability.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81758954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ekawati, Hari Sudarmadji, Isdiantoni dan Zasli Purwanto
The condition of soil fertility in the Village Patean and Gedungan is decreasing due to farmers behavior in using excessive inorganic fertilizer. It cause decreasing of the rice yield that can be threatening the sustainibility of food self-sufficiency. A dissemination activities of organic fertilizer and pesticides is needed to change the behavior of farmers. The aims of dissemination are: a) increasing the knowledge of organic fertilizers and pesticides by the members of Sumber Hasil and Aruma Jaya farmer groups, b) developing knowledge of utilizing of local resources for producing organic fertilizer and pesticides c) applying organic fertilizers and pesticides to improve soil fertility and stabilizing the rice production. The activities that conducted to namely: a) Extension of organic fertilizer and pesticide use to improve soil fertility and crop production in a sustainable manner, b) Training of fertilizers and organic pesticides using by utilizing local resources, c) demonstration plots of the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers and organic pesticides on rice cultivation, d) field meeting to discuss the results of demonstration plots of organic fertilizer and pesticide application, e) mentoring the farmers of rice cultivation using organic fertilizers and pesticides from planting to harvesting preparation (tillage, application of organic fertilizer, seed selection, planting system SRI, fertilization, pest and disease control, harvesting). The results showed that the farmer realized that the dosage of inorganic fertilizer used in rice farming was excessive, farmers were full-awared and skilled in the technology of organic fertilizers and pesticides as much as 70% of total local farmers, and more than 3% of local farmers have been applied the organic pesticides and fertilizer on the rice cultivation.
{"title":"Innovation of Organic Fertilizer and Pesticides Technology Based on Local-Natural Resources to Support Food Self-Sufficiency Sustainibility","authors":"I. Ekawati, Hari Sudarmadji, Isdiantoni dan Zasli Purwanto","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007010106","url":null,"abstract":"The condition of soil fertility in the Village Patean and Gedungan is decreasing due to farmers behavior in using excessive inorganic fertilizer. It cause decreasing of the rice yield that can be threatening the sustainibility of food self-sufficiency. A dissemination activities of organic fertilizer and pesticides is needed to change the behavior of farmers. The aims of dissemination are: a) increasing the knowledge of organic fertilizers and pesticides by the members of Sumber Hasil and Aruma Jaya farmer groups, b) developing knowledge of utilizing of local resources for producing organic fertilizer and pesticides c) applying organic fertilizers and pesticides to improve soil fertility and stabilizing the rice production. The activities that conducted to namely: a) Extension of organic fertilizer and pesticide use to improve soil fertility and crop production in a sustainable manner, b) Training of fertilizers and organic pesticides using by utilizing local resources, c) demonstration plots of the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers and organic pesticides on rice cultivation, d) field meeting to discuss the results of demonstration plots of organic fertilizer and pesticide application, e) mentoring the farmers of rice cultivation using organic fertilizers and pesticides from planting to harvesting preparation (tillage, application of organic fertilizer, seed selection, planting system SRI, fertilization, pest and disease control, harvesting). The results showed that the farmer realized that the dosage of inorganic fertilizer used in rice farming was excessive, farmers were full-awared and skilled in the technology of organic fertilizers and pesticides as much as 70% of total local farmers, and more than 3% of local farmers have been applied the organic pesticides and fertilizer on the rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88033964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dairy farming is ranked highly among the agricultural enterprises in Bungoma County due to its potential to enhance food security and alleviate poverty. Despite the huge livestock resource base, the poverty index for Bungoma County remains high (53%). The study investigated the Effect of Marketing Strategies on the Dairy Value Chain Returns and Food and Nutrition Security in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Porter's Value Chain theory. The study adopted correlational research design. The sample size comprised of seven hundred and eleven (711) respondents representing key dairy value chain actors. Respondents were sampled using random, census and purposive sampling. The study used semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interview schedules, focus group discussion and observation schedules to collect primary data. A Pilot study was carried out in Kimilili Sub-County and then sets of data analysed using Cronbach alpha method which yielded an alpha value of 0.824. Validity of research instruments was tested using content, construct and face validity. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found informal marketing of dairy products was common among dairy farmers. Other marketing strategies were cooperative societies and contract marketing. Marketing strategies were influenced by price, access to market, availability of market information and demographic characteristics. On food security and nutrition, the months they faced severest food shortage were between January and March, as well as between April and June. The households were not able to eat the kinds of foods preferred, ate fewer meals in a day and spent whole day and night without eating anything. There was significant relationship between marketing strategies and dairy value chain returns on food and nutrition security with marketing strategies significantly explaining 27.3% of the variations in the food and nutrition security. The study concluded that marketing strategies of dairy products has significant effect on food and nutrition security. The study therefore recommends concerted effort to improve returns from informal marketing to facilitate food security and sustainable development
{"title":"Effect of Marketing Strategies on the Dairy Value Chain Returns and Food and Nutrition Security in Bungoma County, Kenya","authors":"N. P. Koyi, D. Siamba","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006024556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006024556","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy farming is ranked highly among the agricultural enterprises in Bungoma County due to its potential to enhance food security and alleviate poverty. Despite the huge livestock resource base, the poverty index for Bungoma County remains high (53%). The study investigated the Effect of Marketing Strategies on the Dairy Value Chain Returns and Food and Nutrition Security in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Porter's Value Chain theory. The study adopted correlational research design. The sample size comprised of seven hundred and eleven (711) respondents representing key dairy value chain actors. Respondents were sampled using random, census and purposive sampling. The study used semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interview schedules, focus group discussion and observation schedules to collect primary data. A Pilot study was carried out in Kimilili Sub-County and then sets of data analysed using Cronbach alpha method which yielded an alpha value of 0.824. Validity of research instruments was tested using content, construct and face validity. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found informal marketing of dairy products was common among dairy farmers. Other marketing strategies were cooperative societies and contract marketing. Marketing strategies were influenced by price, access to market, availability of market information and demographic characteristics. On food security and nutrition, the months they faced severest food shortage were between January and March, as well as between April and June. The households were not able to eat the kinds of foods preferred, ate fewer meals in a day and spent whole day and night without eating anything. There was significant relationship between marketing strategies and dairy value chain returns on food and nutrition security with marketing strategies significantly explaining 27.3% of the variations in the food and nutrition security. The study concluded that marketing strategies of dairy products has significant effect on food and nutrition security. The study therefore recommends concerted effort to improve returns from informal marketing to facilitate food security and sustainable development","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determination of age at sexual maturity trait is very important before selection of breeding males of chickens without depending on female. A total of 44 males and 84 females at 13wks of age of Norfa chickens were used for this study. The aim of this study was to determine age at sexual maturity of cocks depending on the first response of semen collecting and to characterize some of semen parameters at the same time. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Studied traits were age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, fertility, hatchability and egg weight at sexual maturity .Also, some of semen parameters included volume ,PH, concentration of sperms per ml, motility and percent of normal shape were studied. Males were divided into three groups; the first was early sexual maturity (G1)≤ mean-1S.D,the second was the moderate sexual maturity (G2)which equal to mean or not significant different with mean and the third was the late sexual maturity (G3)≥mean+1S.D.The summarized results show that male age at sexual maturity ( first response of semen collecting means were (AFR)) 91±0.0, 104.7±0.55 and 120.17±1.2d. of G1,G2 and G3 respectively ,There were highly significant differences among three groups. Female age at sexual maturity means were 144±162.05 d., 162.05±0.4 d. and 196±6.3 d. of G1,G2 and G3 respectively. ,with highly significant differences among three groups. There were no significance differences in semen quality traits at sexual maturity among all groups. Fertility in early group was greater than others. Hatchability in early group was greater than others. Males showed earlier sexual maturity than female, but differences between female groups were greater than male groups.
{"title":"Sexual Maturity of Male Chickens According To Early Response of Semen Collection","authors":"Abou-Elewa E.M, A. Enab, F. Abdou","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007015863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007015863","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of age at sexual maturity trait is very important before selection of breeding males of chickens without depending on female. A total of 44 males and 84 females at 13wks of age of Norfa chickens were used for this study. The aim of this study was to determine age at sexual maturity of cocks depending on the first response of semen collecting and to characterize some of semen parameters at the same time. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Studied traits were age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, fertility, hatchability and egg weight at sexual maturity .Also, some of semen parameters included volume ,PH, concentration of sperms per ml, motility and percent of normal shape were studied. Males were divided into three groups; the first was early sexual maturity (G1)≤ mean-1S.D,the second was the moderate sexual maturity (G2)which equal to mean or not significant different with mean and the third was the late sexual maturity (G3)≥mean+1S.D.The summarized results show that male age at sexual maturity ( first response of semen collecting means were (AFR)) 91±0.0, 104.7±0.55 and 120.17±1.2d. of G1,G2 and G3 respectively ,There were highly significant differences among three groups. Female age at sexual maturity means were 144±162.05 d., 162.05±0.4 d. and 196±6.3 d. of G1,G2 and G3 respectively. ,with highly significant differences among three groups. There were no significance differences in semen quality traits at sexual maturity among all groups. Fertility in early group was greater than others. Hatchability in early group was greater than others. Males showed earlier sexual maturity than female, but differences between female groups were greater than male groups.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75223373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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