A field trial was carried out on the suppression of botrytis gray mould (BGM) of chickpea using various chickpea lines at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal, Bangladesh during 2012-2013. Both field screening techniques and cut-twig method were applied to control the disease. Spore suspensions of BGM were applied at flower initiation stage in the field trial. In the field screening, out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 14, 4, 9 and 2 showed 4, 5, 6 and 7 disease scoring scale, respectively. In case of cut-twig method out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 4, 5, 10, 6 showed 4 5, 6, and 7 scoring scales, respectively. For both field screening and cut-twig method a total of four lines viz., ICCL 87322, ICC 4971, ICC 4936 and ICC 1680 entries showed resistant reaction to BGM. The highest yield under field screening technique was obtained from the line ICC 14559 (2403 kg/ha) followed by ICCX 860029-BH-1PNBPN-B (2161 kg/ha) and both are showed 4 grading scale. Although, field screening of chickpea genotypes is the widely practiced method, but screening in growth rooms and screen houses require temperature and humidity control facilities, that are not always available for researches in developing countries. Moreover, cut twig method is a quick and comprehensive screening technique and applicable to all areas in the world for controlling chickpea BGM. Keyword: Screening, BGM. Chickpea
{"title":"Screening of Botrytis Grey Mould Disease of Chickpea As Compared With Field Screening Techniques and Cut-Twig Method","authors":"M. Rashid, M. A. Sossain","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006024144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006024144","url":null,"abstract":"A field trial was carried out on the suppression of botrytis gray mould (BGM) of chickpea using various chickpea lines at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal, Bangladesh during 2012-2013. Both field screening techniques and cut-twig method were applied to control the disease. Spore suspensions of BGM were applied at flower initiation stage in the field trial. In the field screening, out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 14, 4, 9 and 2 showed 4, 5, 6 and 7 disease scoring scale, respectively. In case of cut-twig method out of 29 chickpea lines, the entries 4, 5, 10, 6 showed 4 5, 6, and 7 scoring scales, respectively. For both field screening and cut-twig method a total of four lines viz., ICCL 87322, ICC 4971, ICC 4936 and ICC 1680 entries showed resistant reaction to BGM. The highest yield under field screening technique was obtained from the line ICC 14559 (2403 kg/ha) followed by ICCX 860029-BH-1PNBPN-B (2161 kg/ha) and both are showed 4 grading scale. Although, field screening of chickpea genotypes is the widely practiced method, but screening in growth rooms and screen houses require temperature and humidity control facilities, that are not always available for researches in developing countries. Moreover, cut twig method is a quick and comprehensive screening technique and applicable to all areas in the world for controlling chickpea BGM. Keyword: Screening, BGM. Chickpea","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72877526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulaal F. Fezea, H. N. A. Zobaidy, Muhsin F. Al-Quraishi
Mint herb (Mentha spicata L.) is widely known as a good source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to use the aqueous mint leaf extract (AMLE) in white soft cheese processing and to evaluate the total phenolic content, microbial content and sensory attributes of the resulting cheese. Dried mint leafs were extracted with water to obtain an aqueous extract. Prior to white cheese processing, different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%, v/v) of AMLE were added to the milk. White soft cheese containing AMLE had significantly higher phenolic compounds than the control cheese and the highest phenolic content (96.0 mg GAE / 100 g cheese) was found in white soft cheese samples containing 3% of AMLE. The results of microbial analysis showed that the microbial growth in white soft cheese tends to decrease with increasing AMLE concentration and no microbial growth was observed in white soft cheese containing 3% of AMLE. The sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of AMLE had no significant effect on the overall acceptance of all types of cheese manufactured.
{"title":"Total Phenolic Content, Microbial Content and Sensory Attributes Evaluation of White Soft Cheese Incorporated With Mint (Mentha Spicata) Leaf Extract","authors":"Abdulaal F. Fezea, H. N. A. Zobaidy, Muhsin F. Al-Quraishi","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006023640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006023640","url":null,"abstract":"Mint herb (Mentha spicata L.) is widely known as a good source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to use the aqueous mint leaf extract (AMLE) in white soft cheese processing and to evaluate the total phenolic content, microbial content and sensory attributes of the resulting cheese. Dried mint leafs were extracted with water to obtain an aqueous extract. Prior to white cheese processing, different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%, v/v) of AMLE were added to the milk. White soft cheese containing AMLE had significantly higher phenolic compounds than the control cheese and the highest phenolic content (96.0 mg GAE / 100 g cheese) was found in white soft cheese samples containing 3% of AMLE. The results of microbial analysis showed that the microbial growth in white soft cheese tends to decrease with increasing AMLE concentration and no microbial growth was observed in white soft cheese containing 3% of AMLE. The sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of AMLE had no significant effect on the overall acceptance of all types of cheese manufactured.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"128 1","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76466696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rajkumar, B. Bhakare, J. Harish, B. Chandrashekar
A field experiment was conducted on “Effect of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria on yield and quality of seasonal (Suru) sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) under drip irrigation” was carried out at AICRP on Water Management, M.P.K.V., Rahuri during 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. There were four levels of nitrogen (100%, 50%, 25% and 0%) with P2O5, K2O, PSB, FYM and foliar application of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria with and without combination and set treatment of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. The results of this experiment revealed that foliar application of consortium of endophytic bacteria @ 3 L ha -1 at 60 days after planting given stage-wise results in concentration in leaves and cane.
2014- 2015年，在Rahuri AICRP进行了“内生固氮菌联合体对滴灌条件下季节性(Suru)甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)产量和品质的影响”田间试验。试验采用随机区组设计，6个处理，4个重复。以P2O5、K2O、PSB、FYM和叶面施用4个氮素水平(100%、50%、25%和0%)进行内生固氮菌联合和不联合及重氮养乙酰杆菌固定处理。本试验结果表明，在种植后60天，叶片上施用3 L ha -1的内生细菌联合体，在叶片和甘蔗中的浓度具有阶段性结果。
{"title":"Effect of Consortium of Endophytic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria on Plant Nutrient Concentration of Seasonal (Suru) Sugarcane under Drip Irrigation.","authors":"B. Rajkumar, B. Bhakare, J. Harish, B. Chandrashekar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006023135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006023135","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted on “Effect of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria on yield and quality of seasonal (Suru) sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) under drip irrigation” was carried out at AICRP on Water Management, M.P.K.V., Rahuri during 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. There were four levels of nitrogen (100%, 50%, 25% and 0%) with P2O5, K2O, PSB, FYM and foliar application of consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria with and without combination and set treatment of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. The results of this experiment revealed that foliar application of consortium of endophytic bacteria @ 3 L ha -1 at 60 days after planting given stage-wise results in concentration in leaves and cane.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89491371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The liveweight changes and reproductive performance of snails (Archachatina marginata) under controlled (watered throughout the experimental period, aestivated for 6 and 12 weeks) and naturally induced aestivation were investigated. Eighty (80) reproductively matured snails with five snails replicated four times in a completely randomized design were used. Liveweight and mortality were monitored during aestivation. Eggs collected were incubated. While the continuous watered group (0A) gained 11.95 g, the groups aestivated for 6 weeks (6A), 12 weeks (12A) and by nature (N) respectively recorded -40.05, -88.28 and -51.29 g. Mortality records showed 1, 1, 2 and 0. Apart from clutch size and number of snailet hatched, the investigated reproductive indices reflected significant (P<0.05) differences. The average clutch number was highest in 0A (5.65) followed by 12A (4.25), 6A (2.80) and N (2.67). Clutch weight was highest in N (25.17 g) which differ statistically from 0A (21.54). This was however not significantly different from 6A (22.88g) and 12A (24.32g). These respectively gave an average egg weight of 2.92, 2.91, 3.16 and 3.21 g for 0A, 6A, 12A and N. Hatchability was significantly highest in 6A (95.92%) which was not significantly different from 12A (93.69 %) and N (89.48 %). The later however, did not differ statistically from 0A. 0A nevertheless gave the highest snailet weight (2.63 g) and the least was recorded from 6A (1.53 g). It is evident from this study that aestivation although depressed weight and overall number of eggs laid, it however favoured hatchability and incubation period in A. marginata.
{"title":"Liveweight Changes and Reproductive Performance of Snails (Archachatina Marginata) Under Controlled and Naturally Induced Aestivation","authors":"Omoyakhi J.M, O. Edo-Taiwo, Aremu O.T, O. Okhale","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006015155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006015155","url":null,"abstract":"The liveweight changes and reproductive performance of snails (Archachatina marginata) under controlled (watered throughout the experimental period, aestivated for 6 and 12 weeks) and naturally induced aestivation were investigated. Eighty (80) reproductively matured snails with five snails replicated four times in a completely randomized design were used. Liveweight and mortality were monitored during aestivation. Eggs collected were incubated. While the continuous watered group (0A) gained 11.95 g, the groups aestivated for 6 weeks (6A), 12 weeks (12A) and by nature (N) respectively recorded -40.05, -88.28 and -51.29 g. Mortality records showed 1, 1, 2 and 0. Apart from clutch size and number of snailet hatched, the investigated reproductive indices reflected significant (P<0.05) differences. The average clutch number was highest in 0A (5.65) followed by 12A (4.25), 6A (2.80) and N (2.67). Clutch weight was highest in N (25.17 g) which differ statistically from 0A (21.54). This was however not significantly different from 6A (22.88g) and 12A (24.32g). These respectively gave an average egg weight of 2.92, 2.91, 3.16 and 3.21 g for 0A, 6A, 12A and N. Hatchability was significantly highest in 6A (95.92%) which was not significantly different from 12A (93.69 %) and N (89.48 %). The later however, did not differ statistically from 0A. 0A nevertheless gave the highest snailet weight (2.63 g) and the least was recorded from 6A (1.53 g). It is evident from this study that aestivation although depressed weight and overall number of eggs laid, it however favoured hatchability and incubation period in A. marginata.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Parmar, S. Choudhary, Abhay Wankhede, V. Swarnakar
Front Line demonstrations (FLDs) is a unique approach to provide an direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations for the technologies developed by them and get direct feedback from the farmers. In the response of transfer of technology the recommendation of modern (improved) chickpea production technology a great emphasis was being paid by both the scientist and extension workers to boost up the productivity of chickpea in the area. In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the impact of frontline demonstration of chickpea in district Sehore where agricultural scientist had been conducted this programme at farm level. In case level of knowledge, as observed in low and medium category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter whereas level of adoption, as observed in partial and incomplete category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter.
{"title":"Impact of Frontline Demonstration in Adoption of Chickpea Production Technology by the Farmers of Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"R. Parmar, S. Choudhary, Abhay Wankhede, V. Swarnakar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006017680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006017680","url":null,"abstract":"Front Line demonstrations (FLDs) is a unique approach to provide an direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations for the technologies developed by them and get direct feedback from the farmers. In the response of transfer of technology the recommendation of modern (improved) chickpea production technology a great emphasis was being paid by both the scientist and extension workers to boost up the productivity of chickpea in the area. In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the impact of frontline demonstration of chickpea in district Sehore where agricultural scientist had been conducted this programme at farm level. In case level of knowledge, as observed in low and medium category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter whereas level of adoption, as observed in partial and incomplete category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89970951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was carried out for comparison of cost and returns of major food crops under rainfed condition and bore well situation in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka (CDZ) in 2014-15. In CDZ, paddy, ragi, maize and groundnut are the major crops. To analyse cost and returns, the techniques such as tabular method with percentage, numbers and market approach were used. Random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 90 farmers for the study, which comprises of 45 irrigated farmers and 45 rainfed farmers. The secondary data regarding area, production and productivity data of the madhugiri taluk of Tumakuru district were collected from the district website for the year 2013–14 for sample selection based on area dominance. The study showed that cost and net returns for borewell irrigated paddy were Rs. 56225 ha -1 and Rs. 34091 ha -1 , respectively. Among these crops, cost of cultivation was higher in rainfed and borewell irrigated groundnut (Rs.47274 ha -1 and Rs.51619 ha -1 ), respectively. The net returns realised under rainfed and borewell irrigated maize was found to be more i.e., Rs.11570 ha -1 and Rs.31405 ha -1 , respectively. Whereas, in case of ragi, net returns under rainfed condition was Rs. -2440 ha -1 and in irrigated condition it was Rs.13552 ha -1 . Comparison reveals that, the cost and net returns of all crops in CDZ were more than the Cost of Cultivation Scheme (CCS) estimates for Karnataka due to higher productivity of crops in Tumakuru district (CDZ) except in rainfed ragi (Rs.-2440 ha -1 ).
对2014- 2015年卡纳塔克邦中部旱区旱作条件下主要粮食作物的成本和收益进行了比较研究。在CDZ，水稻、ragi、玉米和花生是主要作物。在分析成本和收益时，采用了百分比表法、数字法和市场法等技术。采用随机抽样的方法，选取90个农户进行研究，其中灌溉农户45个，旱作农户45个。关于图马库鲁县madhugiri taluk的面积、生产和生产力数据的二手数据是从2013-14年的地区网站上收集的，用于根据地区优势进行样本选择。研究表明，井灌水田的成本和净收益分别为56225和34091公顷。在这些作物中，旱作花生和井灌花生的种植成本较高(分别为47274公顷和51619公顷)。发现旱作和井灌玉米的净收益更高，即分别为11570卢比和31405卢比。然而，在旱作条件下，ragi的净收益为-2440公顷-1，在灌溉条件下为13552公顷-1。比较表明，由于图马库鲁地区(CDZ)除雨养ragi (Rs.-2440 ha -1)以外的作物生产力较高，CDZ地区所有作物的成本和净收益都高于卡纳塔克邦种植成本计划(CCS)的估计。
{"title":"Comparison of Cost And Returns of Major Food Crops Under Central Dry Zone of Karnataka","authors":"K. Hamsa, P. Murthy, G. M. Gaddi","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006012126","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out for comparison of cost and returns of major food crops under rainfed condition and bore well situation in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka (CDZ) in 2014-15. In CDZ, paddy, ragi, maize and groundnut are the major crops. To analyse cost and returns, the techniques such as tabular method with percentage, numbers and market approach were used. Random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 90 farmers for the study, which comprises of 45 irrigated farmers and 45 rainfed farmers. The secondary data regarding area, production and productivity data of the madhugiri taluk of Tumakuru district were collected from the district website for the year 2013–14 for sample selection based on area dominance. The study showed that cost and net returns for borewell irrigated paddy were Rs. 56225 ha -1 and Rs. 34091 ha -1 , respectively. Among these crops, cost of cultivation was higher in rainfed and borewell irrigated groundnut (Rs.47274 ha -1 and Rs.51619 ha -1 ), respectively. The net returns realised under rainfed and borewell irrigated maize was found to be more i.e., Rs.11570 ha -1 and Rs.31405 ha -1 , respectively. Whereas, in case of ragi, net returns under rainfed condition was Rs. -2440 ha -1 and in irrigated condition it was Rs.13552 ha -1 . Comparison reveals that, the cost and net returns of all crops in CDZ were more than the Cost of Cultivation Scheme (CCS) estimates for Karnataka due to higher productivity of crops in Tumakuru district (CDZ) except in rainfed ragi (Rs.-2440 ha -1 ).","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"61 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84477121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Maruthesha, D. Vijayalakshmi, S. M. Pritham, S. Vijay
The study was undertaken on nutritional status of rural women with the sample size of 200 respondents. Nutritional status reflects the health of a person and is influenced by the quality of foods eaten. Mean anthropometric measurement of rural women were 153.8 cm of height, 46.8 kg of weight. On comparison with the mean BMI standards, it was observed that 20 per cent of women were under nourished, 64 per cent of women were normal and 16 per cent women were obese. On comparison with the mean waist/hip ratio with standards, it was observed that 84 per cent were in normal category and 16 per cent were obese. Education, land holding, income and age had significant positive association with anthropometric measurements of rural women. The deficient level of hemoglobin existed in 53 per cent of rural women. The occurrence of morbidity symptoms was higher in rural women.
{"title":"Assessment of Nutritional Status of Women in Rural Areas of Bengaluru District.","authors":"A. M. Maruthesha, D. Vijayalakshmi, S. M. Pritham, S. Vijay","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006010105","url":null,"abstract":"The study was undertaken on nutritional status of rural women with the sample size of 200 respondents. Nutritional status reflects the health of a person and is influenced by the quality of foods eaten. Mean anthropometric measurement of rural women were 153.8 cm of height, 46.8 kg of weight. On comparison with the mean BMI standards, it was observed that 20 per cent of women were under nourished, 64 per cent of women were normal and 16 per cent women were obese. On comparison with the mean waist/hip ratio with standards, it was observed that 84 per cent were in normal category and 16 per cent were obese. Education, land holding, income and age had significant positive association with anthropometric measurements of rural women. The deficient level of hemoglobin existed in 53 per cent of rural women. The occurrence of morbidity symptoms was higher in rural women.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79692598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Ondo-Azi, C. E. Missang, P. N. Ndoutoumou, T. Silou
Fruit size and shape are important quality parameters for product appreciation by consumers. However, aspect ratio (width over length) was used to perform the choice of ratios for fruits shape determination and mass for fruit category. This study was carried to quantitative classify Safou size and shape in bush butter (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) fruits using fruit mass, as well as outer length and width measurements (aspect ratio). Results obtained showed that mass and aspect ratio can be used to classify Safou fruit size (small, medium and large) and shape (ellipsoidal, Obovate and spheroidal), respectively.Medium-sized fruits were the most represented. Irrespective of thefruit size, the ellipsoidal shape was most frequent and spheroidal shape was mostly found amongst small fruits and not amongst large fruits.
水果的大小和形状是消费者评价产品的重要质量参数。然而，采用长宽比(宽度比长度)来选择水果形状的比例和水果类别的质量比例。本研究利用果实质量、外长宽(长宽比)对灌木黄油(Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam)果实的大小和形状进行了定量分类。结果表明，质量比和纵横比可以区分萨福果的大小(小、中、大)和形状(椭球形、倒卵形和球状)。中等大小的水果是最常见的。不论果实大小，椭圆型果实最多，球状果实多见于小果实，而大果实较少。
{"title":"Classification of Safou (Dacryodes edulis) fruit size and shape on mass and outer dimensions","authors":"A. S. Ondo-Azi, C. E. Missang, P. N. Ndoutoumou, T. Silou","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006026467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006026467","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit size and shape are important quality parameters for product appreciation by consumers. However, aspect ratio (width over length) was used to perform the choice of ratios for fruits shape determination and mass for fruit category. This study was carried to quantitative classify Safou size and shape in bush butter (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) fruits using fruit mass, as well as outer length and width measurements (aspect ratio). Results obtained showed that mass and aspect ratio can be used to classify Safou fruit size (small, medium and large) and shape (ellipsoidal, Obovate and spheroidal), respectively.Medium-sized fruits were the most represented. Irrespective of thefruit size, the ellipsoidal shape was most frequent and spheroidal shape was mostly found amongst small fruits and not amongst large fruits.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"300 1","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Rakib Hasan, Ala Tahsin, M. Islam, M. Ali, J. Uddain
: The experiment was conducted in the Research Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from October 2014 to February 2015.The present study was conducted to determine the optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer and proper plant spacing for better growth and yield of lettuce. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Nitrogen (4 levels) N 0 : 0 (Control); N 1 : 50; N 2 : 100 and N 3 : 150 kg/ha respectively; and Factor B: Plant spacing (3 levels), S 1 : 40 cm × 20 cm, S 2 : 40 cm × 25 cm; S 3 : 40 cm × 30 cm. The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of nitrogen the highest yield (29.99 t/ha) was recorded from N 3 and lowest (18.65 t/ha) from N 0 . In case of spacing the highest yield (25.83 t/ha) was achieved from S 2 and lowest (23.0 t/ha) from S 1 . For interaction effect, the highest yield (31.31 t/ha) was obtained from N 3 S 2 and lowest (16.79 t/ha) from N 0 S 1 . The highest BCR value (3.88) was recorded from N 3 S 2 and lowest (2.1) from N 0 S 1 . So, 150 kg/ha urea with spacing of 40 cm × 25 cm were best for growth and yield of lettuce.
实验于2014年10月至2015年2月在达卡Sher-e-Bangla农业大学的研究领域进行。本研究旨在确定生菜生长和产量的最佳氮肥用量和适宜的种植间距。这个实验包括两个因素。因子A:氮(4个水平)N 0: 0(对照);N 1:50;N = 100和N = 150 kg/ha;因子B:株距(3层)，南1:40 cm × 20 cm，南2:40 cm × 25 cm;s3:40厘米× 30厘米。实验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。施氮时，氮肥产量最高(29.99 t/公顷)，氮肥产量最低(18.65 t/公顷)。在间距方面，s2的产量最高(25.83吨/公顷)，s1的产量最低(23.0吨/公顷)。互作效应中，氮素s2产量最高(31.31 t/ha)，氮素s1产量最低(16.79 t/ha)。BCR值以n3s2最高(3.88)，n0s1最低(2.1)。因此，施用150 kg/ hm2尿素，间距为40 cm × 25 cm，对生菜生长和产量最有利。
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M. Abubakar, A. Abdulkadir, A. Yuguda, T. M. Hamisu, S. S. Baba
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals. It has low mortality rate in adult but with morbidity rate of up to 100% in susceptible animal populations. This research work was designed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and risk factors associated with it in four districts of Bauchi local government, Bauchi State Nigeriausing ELISA kit and a structured questionnaire survey. Blood samples were collected froma total of 270 cattle (56 males and 214 females). The data generated were analysed using SPSS and chi-square test was used for comparison of variables. The result showed that out of the 270 serum samples tested, 171 (63.3%) were found to be positive for FMDV antibodies.Individual district prevalence rates were Bauchi (79.4%), Galambi (50%), Miri (61.1%) and Zungur (64.3%). No statistical difference (P>0.0001) was noted in the distribution of the positive samples among the four districts studied. Breeds distribution showed that Muturu had 2/2 (100%) FMD seropositivity, followed by Sokoto Gudali (Bokoloji) and white Fulani (Bunaji) having 2/3 (66.67%) and 153/235 (65.11%) respectively; and the lowest prevalence was among the Cross breed 14/30 (46.67%). There was no statistical significance (P>0.0001) observed among the different breeds. The seroprevalence of FMD among the different sexes showed the female cattle have 155/214 (72.43%) as against the male cattle with 16/56 (28.57 %). There was significant difference (P≤0.0001) in the seroprevalence of FMD between the female and male cattle in the study area. There were significant differences (P≤0.0001) in the seroprevalence of FMD in the cattle population among the four districts. On the overall, serotype O had the highest prevalence (83.3%) followed by serotype A (76.7%) and least was the serotype SAT2 (61.1%). With the exception of Miri district where serotype SAT2 was higher (66.7%) than the other two, all the districts exhibited prevalence of the serotypes in descending order of prevalence as Serotype O, A and SAT2. Due to the high prevalence of FMD in the study area, it is therefore important thatsurveillance of FMD should be a continuous process so that an effective control measure against the disease could be taken. Key words; FMD, ELISA, Questionnaire survey, Cattle breeds, Blood
口蹄疫是一种在家养和野生偶蹄类动物中传播的高度传染性病毒性跨界疾病。成人死亡率低，但在易感动物种群中发病率高达100%。本研究旨在利用ELISA试剂盒和结构化问卷调查，确定尼日利亚包奇州包奇地方政府4个区口蹄疫的血清患病率及其相关危险因素。共采集了270头牛(56头公牛和214头母牛)的血液样本。所得数据采用SPSS统计软件进行分析，变量比较采用卡方检验。结果显示，在270份血清样本中，有171份(63.3%)检测出FMDV抗体阳性。各区患病率分别为包奇(79.4%)、加兰比(50%)、米里(61.1%)和赞古尔(64.3%)。4个地区的阳性样本分布无统计学差异(P < 0.0001)。品种分布显示，Muturu为2/2(100%)，其次是Sokoto Gudali (Bokoloji)和white Fulani (Bunaji)，分别为2/3(66.67%)和153/235 (65.11%);以杂交品种14/30(46.67%)患病率最低。不同品种间差异无统计学意义(P < 0.0001)。不同性别间口蹄疫血清阳性率分别为母牛155/214(72.43%)和公牛16/56(28.57%)。研究区母、公牛口蹄疫血清患病率差异有统计学意义(P≤0.0001)。4区牛口蹄疫血清患病率差异有统计学意义(P≤0.0001)。总体上，O型患病率最高(83.3%)，其次是A型(76.7%)，SAT2型患病率最低(61.1%)。除Miri区血清型SAT2高于其他2区(66.7%)外，其余各区血清型患病率由高到低依次为O型、A型和SAT2。由于口蹄疫在研究地区的高流行率，因此对口蹄疫的监测应是一个持续的过程，以便采取有效的控制措施。关键字;口蹄疫，酶联免疫吸附试验，问卷调查，牛品种，血液
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