Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a type of oxygen-derived free radicals which are produced normally in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation, but they are degraded and removed by cellular defense systems. When the production of ROS increases or the scavenging systems are ineffective, the result is an excess of these free radicals, leading to a condition called oxidative stress.ROS damage DNA, biomembrane lipids, proteins and other macromolecules. These phenomena contribute to the development of several metabolic dysfunctions, including cell death by causing “oxidative stress” and “oxidative damage.The detrimental effects of high ambient temperature on broiler performance have been widely documented. Feed consumption and growth rate decrease at high ambient temperature. Antioxidant status of the organism is depleted as result of heat induced oxidative stress The degree of lipid peroxidation is used as an indicator of ROS mediated damage and the concentration of MDA in blood and tissues are generally used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition analyses of the activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase are important in determining whether oxidative stress reactions are induced in cells and which cells or organs have been damaged. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid are free radical quenchers,and thereforealleviate the negative effect of heat stress and may stimulate the biosynthesis and secretion of antioxidant enzymes which scavenge the free radicals.
{"title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers in evaluation of therapeutic potential of Ascorbic acidin poultry under hot Climate","authors":"S. Kakkar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007024144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007024144","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a type of oxygen-derived free radicals which are produced normally in cells during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation, but they are degraded and removed by cellular defense systems. When the production of ROS increases or the scavenging systems are ineffective, the result is an excess of these free radicals, leading to a condition called oxidative stress.ROS damage DNA, biomembrane lipids, proteins and other macromolecules. These phenomena contribute to the development of several metabolic dysfunctions, including cell death by causing “oxidative stress” and “oxidative damage.The detrimental effects of high ambient temperature on broiler performance have been widely documented. Feed consumption and growth rate decrease at high ambient temperature. Antioxidant status of the organism is depleted as result of heat induced oxidative stress The degree of lipid peroxidation is used as an indicator of ROS mediated damage and the concentration of MDA in blood and tissues are generally used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition analyses of the activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase are important in determining whether oxidative stress reactions are induced in cells and which cells or organs have been damaged. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid are free radical quenchers,and thereforealleviate the negative effect of heat stress and may stimulate the biosynthesis and secretion of antioxidant enzymes which scavenge the free radicals.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87567809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social capital has been focus of interest in considerable social science academic circles in recent years. Development of communities is a continuous process in order to sustain communities through utilizing their assets in a world that is increasingly becoming unpredictable and difficult in terms of togetherness and caring concerns for sustainability. The paper looked first at rural communities and the way social capital is built and utilized positively for community development despite lots of challenges. Social capital in agriculture was reviewed from rural community perspectives and seen as a motivating and gluing force for communitarian work that benefits the agriculture. The development of social capital as unseen capital in any society will provide the community members the force to forge ahead in whatever self-help endeavor their community resolved to undertake. The paper also considers the other side of the coin and looked at marginal community members that did not subscribe to social capital and became excluded from the beneficial collective actions of the majority. The paper lastly, posits that social capital in agricultural communities will go a long way in empowering community members to sustainably produce food and develop their communities.
{"title":"Social capital in agricultural community development: a review","authors":"M. Ibrahim, S. Hassan, D. Sanyang","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007010710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007010710","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital has been focus of interest in considerable social science academic circles in recent years. Development of communities is a continuous process in order to sustain communities through utilizing their assets in a world that is increasingly becoming unpredictable and difficult in terms of togetherness and caring concerns for sustainability. The paper looked first at rural communities and the way social capital is built and utilized positively for community development despite lots of challenges. Social capital in agriculture was reviewed from rural community perspectives and seen as a motivating and gluing force for communitarian work that benefits the agriculture. The development of social capital as unseen capital in any society will provide the community members the force to forge ahead in whatever self-help endeavor their community resolved to undertake. The paper also considers the other side of the coin and looked at marginal community members that did not subscribe to social capital and became excluded from the beneficial collective actions of the majority. The paper lastly, posits that social capital in agricultural communities will go a long way in empowering community members to sustainably produce food and develop their communities.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"07-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84931571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haematological and biochemical parameters are important and reliable media used to monitor, evaluate health and nutritional status of animals. This studywas conducted toestablish the normal rangesof haematologicaland somebiochemical parameters inboth male and female rabbits and to determine thegender effect on these values. Blood and urine samples from a total of 44 New Zealand white rabbits were investigated. The haematological parameters were determined in whole blood samples, while biochemical parameters were determined in serum and urine samples. Normal values of these parameters were determined and statistical comparisons between male and female rabbits were performed.Current study results revealed that haematologicalandbiochemicaldata were identicalin both male and female animals and statistically no significant differences were found for the parameters analysed except, RBCs count,haemoglobin concentration (Hb),haematocrit value (Hct), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils %, lymphocytes %, monocytes%, basophils% and platelets count. It was concluded that defining the normal values of the given haematological and biochemical parameters in New Zealand white rabbits would be valuable for both researchers and clinicians as they may beconsidered as useful baseline values for domestic rabbit populations.
{"title":"Some Haemato-Biochemical Values in White New Zealand Rabbits","authors":"S. Shousha, M. Mahmoud, K. Hameed","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007014044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007014044","url":null,"abstract":"Haematological and biochemical parameters are important and reliable media used to monitor, evaluate health and nutritional status of animals. This studywas conducted toestablish the normal rangesof haematologicaland somebiochemical parameters inboth male and female rabbits and to determine thegender effect on these values. Blood and urine samples from a total of 44 New Zealand white rabbits were investigated. The haematological parameters were determined in whole blood samples, while biochemical parameters were determined in serum and urine samples. Normal values of these parameters were determined and statistical comparisons between male and female rabbits were performed.Current study results revealed that haematologicalandbiochemicaldata were identicalin both male and female animals and statistically no significant differences were found for the parameters analysed except, RBCs count,haemoglobin concentration (Hb),haematocrit value (Hct), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils %, lymphocytes %, monocytes%, basophils% and platelets count. It was concluded that defining the normal values of the given haematological and biochemical parameters in New Zealand white rabbits would be valuable for both researchers and clinicians as they may beconsidered as useful baseline values for domestic rabbit populations.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74315383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide, 75% of the people lack adequate food while 47% in Kenya and 70% in Bungoma County are food insecure. Kenya has applied agricultural extension approaches to enhance food security and poverty reduction but to little avail due to their concentration on increasing agricultural production. This calls for an alternative approach that emphasizes agricultural innovation systems that enhance land productivity and increased incomes. The objective of this research was to establish the importance of value chain approach to food security and poverty reduction in Bungoma County. The research design was triangulated and crosssectional survey. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling strategies were used to give a sample size of 347 out of 65,707 maize value chain smallholders. Data collection instruments included; questionnaires focus group discussions and key informants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyse data. The research revealed that the degree of development of the maize value chain in Bungoma County is as low as 31% indicating that there is limited capacity for identifying challenges and their solutions as well as identifying investment opportunities vertically and horizontally along the chain. Based on the study findings, it is recommend that the maize value chain players should be mobilized and sensitized on the needs of maize value chain development
{"title":"Maize Value Chain for Food Security and Poverty Reduction in Bungoma County, Kenya","authors":"C. N. Kamau, H. Nyongesa","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007013039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007013039","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, 75% of the people lack adequate food while 47% in Kenya and 70% in Bungoma County are food insecure. Kenya has applied agricultural extension approaches to enhance food security and poverty reduction but to little avail due to their concentration on increasing agricultural production. This calls for an alternative approach that emphasizes agricultural innovation systems that enhance land productivity and increased incomes. The objective of this research was to establish the importance of value chain approach to food security and poverty reduction in Bungoma County. The research design was triangulated and crosssectional survey. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling strategies were used to give a sample size of 347 out of 65,707 maize value chain smallholders. Data collection instruments included; questionnaires focus group discussions and key informants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyse data. The research revealed that the degree of development of the maize value chain in Bungoma County is as low as 31% indicating that there is limited capacity for identifying challenges and their solutions as well as identifying investment opportunities vertically and horizontally along the chain. Based on the study findings, it is recommend that the maize value chain players should be mobilized and sensitized on the needs of maize value chain development","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"90 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82082771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analysed the export competitiveness of Palm oil in Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. The specific objectives were to; determine the mean export quantity, and production quantity of palm oil in the selected countries; compute the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices for Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire with respect to palm oil exports. Data for the study was obtained from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) statistical database and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Balassa index. The result of the study showed that the mean production and export quantity of palm oil for Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire were 964,161.3tonnes, 109,062.3tonnes, and 290,619.6 tonnes for palm oil production while palm oil export quantity was 7491.292 tonnes, 35,061.79 tonnes, and 135,838.3tonnes respectively. The empirical findings suggests that Côte d’Ivoire is highly competitive in the export of palm oil followed by Ghana and lastly Nigeria which is less competitive compared to the aforementioned countries. Policies and programmes to enhance Nigeria’s palm oil output and make it more competitive is recommended.
{"title":"Revealed Comparative Advantage and competitiveness: The caseof Palm oil Exportsfrom Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"E. A. Etuk, S. B. Ohen","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007023640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007023640","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed the export competitiveness of Palm oil in Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. The specific objectives were to; determine the mean export quantity, and production quantity of palm oil in the selected countries; compute the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices for Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire with respect to palm oil exports. Data for the study was obtained from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) statistical database and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Balassa index. The result of the study showed that the mean production and export quantity of palm oil for Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire were 964,161.3tonnes, 109,062.3tonnes, and 290,619.6 tonnes for palm oil production while palm oil export quantity was 7491.292 tonnes, 35,061.79 tonnes, and 135,838.3tonnes respectively. The empirical findings suggests that Côte d’Ivoire is highly competitive in the export of palm oil followed by Ghana and lastly Nigeria which is less competitive compared to the aforementioned countries. Policies and programmes to enhance Nigeria’s palm oil output and make it more competitive is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77171115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted in Research Station A College of AgricultureUniversity of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2015, which attempts to study the effect of spraying calcium of two different sources, mineral and organic:aliquid mineral fertilizer (Fosfital calcium) atthree levels (2.5, 5, 7.5ml.L -1 ) and the a liquid organic fertilizer (Polixal) withthree levels (2.5, 5, 7.5 ml.L -1 ) beside control treatment in the vegetative growth and production indicators of Burren potato variety using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment results demonstrated that spraying with the calcium organic source enhancedvegetative growth indicators as represented in the number of leaves and the dry weight of the vegetative growth, wherenon-significant in number of air stems indicator.However,calcium from organic source also gave a significant effect inthe tubers production and the crop indicators as represented by the dry matter percentage, tubers content of N, Ca, protein, starch, activity of a-amylase and peroxidase enzymes, marketable plant yield, number of marketable tubers, and the total marketable yield . It was also found that spraying with mineral calcium source gave the highest content of P and K in yielding tubers in compare to control treatment which gave the lowest values of these indicators.These results showed the significance of foliar application with calcium from organic source and it ′ s positive effectin improving the crop quality, nutritional content andreducing negative effects in the environment which result from using the mineral sources.
{"title":"The Effect of Spraying with Two Different Sources of Calcium in Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Yield of Potato","authors":"N. J. K. Al-Aamry, M. Hussein, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007020105","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in Research Station A College of AgricultureUniversity of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2015, which attempts to study the effect of spraying calcium of two different sources, mineral and organic:aliquid mineral fertilizer (Fosfital calcium) atthree levels (2.5, 5, 7.5ml.L -1 ) and the a liquid organic fertilizer (Polixal) withthree levels (2.5, 5, 7.5 ml.L -1 ) beside control treatment in the vegetative growth and production indicators of Burren potato variety using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment results demonstrated that spraying with the calcium organic source enhancedvegetative growth indicators as represented in the number of leaves and the dry weight of the vegetative growth, wherenon-significant in number of air stems indicator.However,calcium from organic source also gave a significant effect inthe tubers production and the crop indicators as represented by the dry matter percentage, tubers content of N, Ca, protein, starch, activity of a-amylase and peroxidase enzymes, marketable plant yield, number of marketable tubers, and the total marketable yield . It was also found that spraying with mineral calcium source gave the highest content of P and K in yielding tubers in compare to control treatment which gave the lowest values of these indicators.These results showed the significance of foliar application with calcium from organic source and it ′ s positive effectin improving the crop quality, nutritional content andreducing negative effects in the environment which result from using the mineral sources.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85767896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreepada Devi, R. Purohit, S. Bhakar, S. Lakhawat
The present study focuses on the long term trends of meteorological parameters like precipitation and temperature of the MPUAT service area, Rajasthan, India which is mainly located in humid and sub-humid region. Trend analysis of the seasonal (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) and annual daily rainfall and temperature at the spatial and temporal scales was carried out for 7 stations of the MPUAT, service area. Statistical trend analysis technique, namely the Mann–Kendall test, was used to examine trends (1984– 2014) at the 5% level of significance. Both positive and negative trends were observed in both seasonal and annual events of rainfall and temperature.The spatial variations of the trends in seasonal (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) and annual daily rainfall and temperature were also determined using the inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. IDW results are helpful to identify trends and variability in seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature in space and time for the study locations where the data is not available and the quality of data is not good. These spatial maps of temperature and rainfall can aid in designing the effective water resources planning over the MPUAT service area under climate change.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal trends of precipitation and temperature for the MPUAT service area, Rajasthan, India","authors":"Shreepada Devi, R. Purohit, S. Bhakar, S. Lakhawat","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007011520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007011520","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on the long term trends of meteorological parameters like precipitation and temperature of the MPUAT service area, Rajasthan, India which is mainly located in humid and sub-humid region. Trend analysis of the seasonal (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) and annual daily rainfall and temperature at the spatial and temporal scales was carried out for 7 stations of the MPUAT, service area. Statistical trend analysis technique, namely the Mann–Kendall test, was used to examine trends (1984– 2014) at the 5% level of significance. Both positive and negative trends were observed in both seasonal and annual events of rainfall and temperature.The spatial variations of the trends in seasonal (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) and annual daily rainfall and temperature were also determined using the inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. IDW results are helpful to identify trends and variability in seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature in space and time for the study locations where the data is not available and the quality of data is not good. These spatial maps of temperature and rainfall can aid in designing the effective water resources planning over the MPUAT service area under climate change.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83105290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Majumdar, R. Bhattacharya, Sreyam Sengupta, R. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya
The difference in the quality of jute fiber belonging to different agro climatic regions had been mainly attributed to plant growth and more importantly to the quality and quantity of retting water. Our study have shown that difference in the retting capability of microflora belonging to different agro climatic regions contribute significantly to the quality of jute. However, attempts to introduce highly effective microbial population from a region producing better jute fiber to a distant one producing inferior quality and having different agro-climatic conditions was not successful because of diminished growth. This was probably due to antagonism of the indigenous microbial population towards the extraneous inoculum, since under sterile laboratory condition the former showed superior retting capability in the same conditions of temperature and pH. The diminished retting due to diminished growth could be partially overcome by introducing nitrogen fixing bacteria; whereby coarseness of fibers could be reduced to the maximum by 16.6%. However, introduction of nitrogen fixing bacteria by itself, particularly when isolated from a nearby region was most successful and was found to reduce coarseness of jute fibers by 30%. This particular nitrogen fixing bacteria was found also to have pectinolytic activity and was identified as Agrobacterium tumefasciens . This report raises the possibility that possibly many bacteria accelerate the retting process by more than one function.
{"title":"Influence Of Highly Efficient Pectinolytic Microbial Consortium From A Different Agro Climatic Region On Jute Retting Vis-À- Vis That Of A Nitrogen - Fixing Pectinolytic Bacteria From The Same Region.","authors":"S. Majumdar, R. Bhattacharya, Sreyam Sengupta, R. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006021723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006021723","url":null,"abstract":"The difference in the quality of jute fiber belonging to different agro climatic regions had been mainly attributed to plant growth and more importantly to the quality and quantity of retting water. Our study have shown that difference in the retting capability of microflora belonging to different agro climatic regions contribute significantly to the quality of jute. However, attempts to introduce highly effective microbial population from a region producing better jute fiber to a distant one producing inferior quality and having different agro-climatic conditions was not successful because of diminished growth. This was probably due to antagonism of the indigenous microbial population towards the extraneous inoculum, since under sterile laboratory condition the former showed superior retting capability in the same conditions of temperature and pH. The diminished retting due to diminished growth could be partially overcome by introducing nitrogen fixing bacteria; whereby coarseness of fibers could be reduced to the maximum by 16.6%. However, introduction of nitrogen fixing bacteria by itself, particularly when isolated from a nearby region was most successful and was found to reduce coarseness of jute fibers by 30%. This particular nitrogen fixing bacteria was found also to have pectinolytic activity and was identified as Agrobacterium tumefasciens . This report raises the possibility that possibly many bacteria accelerate the retting process by more than one function.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86164300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sogbedji, K. S. Detchinli, Mihikouwè Mazinagou, Ruth Atchoglo, Komi Agbémébia Bona
A 2-yr (four cropping seasons) trial was conducted with nine maize (Zea mays L.) varieties and four fertilization treatments in three replicates to determine the appropriate variety-fertilization combinations. Fertilization treatments were: no fertilization (T1), 6 t ha -1 of farmyard manure (FYM) (T2), the national recommendation of 200 kg N15P15K15 plus 100 kg urea (46% N) ha -1 (T3) and 3 t of FYM plus 100 kg N15P15K15 plus 50 kg urea ha -1 (T4). Across fertilization treatments, 2-yr average grain yields were highest (6.41 to 6.76 t ha -1 ) for Bassar, TZEE and Obatampa varieties and lowest (4.63 and 5.07 t ha -1 ) for Wahala3 and Agoèbli in the first cropping season. TZEE, Dapaong, Obatampa and Bassar performed better (4.0 to 4.39 t ha -1 ) during the second season. Across varieties, grain yields for T4, T3 and T2 increased by 92 to 58, 69 to 42 and 57 to 34% in comparison with T1, respectively, those under T4 and T3 were 22.6 to 18 and 8 to 6% higher than that for T2, respectively, and the yield for T4 was 11 to 13.5% superior over that for T3. Fertilization treatment T4 proved suitable for improved grain yield and five varieties were no more recommended for the second cropping season.
为确定适宜的品种-施肥组合，采用9个玉米品种和4个施肥处理，分3个重复进行了2年(4个种植季)试验。施肥处理为:不施肥(T1)、农家肥(FYM) 6 t ha -1 (T2)、国家推荐的200 kg N15P15K15 + 100 kg尿素(46%氮肥)ha -1 (T3)和3 t FYM + 100 kg N15P15K15 + 50 kg尿素(T4)。在不同施肥处理中，basar、TZEE和Obatampa品种的2年平均产量最高(6.41 ~ 6.76 t ha -1)， Wahala3和ago bli品种的2年平均产量最低(4.63和5.07 t ha -1)。第二赛季，TZEE、Dapaong、Obatampa和Bassar表现较好(4.0 ~ 4.39 / 1)。各品种间，T4、T3和T2处理的产量分别比T1提高92 ~ 58%、69 ~ 42%和57 ~ 34%，T4和T3处理的产量分别比T2高22.6 ~ 18%和8 ~ 6%，T4处理的产量比T3处理高11 ~ 13.5%。结果表明，T4施肥处理对增产效果较好，5个品种不推荐用于第二季。
{"title":"Land Degradation and Climate Change Resilient Soil and Crop Management Strategies for Maize Production in Coastal Western Africa","authors":"J. Sogbedji, K. S. Detchinli, Mihikouwè Mazinagou, Ruth Atchoglo, Komi Agbémébia Bona","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006022430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006022430","url":null,"abstract":"A 2-yr (four cropping seasons) trial was conducted with nine maize (Zea mays L.) varieties and four fertilization treatments in three replicates to determine the appropriate variety-fertilization combinations. Fertilization treatments were: no fertilization (T1), 6 t ha -1 of farmyard manure (FYM) (T2), the national recommendation of 200 kg N15P15K15 plus 100 kg urea (46% N) ha -1 (T3) and 3 t of FYM plus 100 kg N15P15K15 plus 50 kg urea ha -1 (T4). Across fertilization treatments, 2-yr average grain yields were highest (6.41 to 6.76 t ha -1 ) for Bassar, TZEE and Obatampa varieties and lowest (4.63 and 5.07 t ha -1 ) for Wahala3 and Agoèbli in the first cropping season. TZEE, Dapaong, Obatampa and Bassar performed better (4.0 to 4.39 t ha -1 ) during the second season. Across varieties, grain yields for T4, T3 and T2 increased by 92 to 58, 69 to 42 and 57 to 34% in comparison with T1, respectively, those under T4 and T3 were 22.6 to 18 and 8 to 6% higher than that for T2, respectively, and the yield for T4 was 11 to 13.5% superior over that for T3. Fertilization treatment T4 proved suitable for improved grain yield and five varieties were no more recommended for the second cropping season.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75414416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectofan assembling and modify combine equipment which used for mechanical and chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer, on some machinery indicators, some soil properties and Sun flower yield in the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad field during the spring summer growing season of 2016. Three levels of machinery speed included: 6.8, 4.51and 2.85 Km.hrˉ1 and cultivation treatments included: mechanical chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizers, mechanical and chemical cultivation, mechanical and spraying fertilizers and control treatment were studied in this experiment. Field efficiency, soil moisture content, Plant height, plant yield,weed control percentagewere measured in this experiment. Nested designs under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with, three replications were used in this study. Least significant difference at 0.05 probabilities was used to compare the mean of the treatments. The results showed that increasing machinery speed from 2.85 to 4.51 to 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 led to a significant increase insoil moisture content stood 17.31 to 18.38 to 18.82 %, plant height stood 131.26 to 133.03 to 136.88 cm, plant yields stood 7.34 to 8.05 to 8.52 ton.haˉ1,weed control percentage stood 83.68 to 89.81 to 91.53 %. Decreasing machinery speed from 6.8 to 4.51 to 2.85 Km.hrˉ1 led to a significant increase in field efficiency stood 61.71 to 62.62 to 64.75 %. Mechanical, chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer treatment was significantly superior on other treatments in soil moisture content, plant height and plant yield. Mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment was significant superior in increasing weed control percentage. There was no significant effect in field efficiency by cultivation treatments. There were significant differences on the studied properties attributed by the interaction treatments. 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 and mechanical, chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer cultivation interaction caused significant increase in soil moisture content stood 18.91 %, plant height stood 137.88 cm and plant yield stood 8.99 ton. haˉ1. 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 and mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment caused significant increase in weed control percentage stood 92.33 %. There were no significant differences on field efficiency, due to interferences treatments. There were significant differences between cultivation treatments and the control treatment. Mechanical chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer was significant superior in soil moisture content stood 18.25 % on control treatment which got17.76 %, mechanical and chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer treatment got the best plant height stood 134.58 cm, while control treatment got 127.00 cm,mechanical and chemical cultivation andspraying fertilizer treatment got the best plant yieldsstood 8.54 ton.haˉ1 while control treatment got 6.68 ton.haˉ1, mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment got the best weed contro
{"title":"The Effect of an Assembling and Modify Combine Equipment on Some Machinery Unit Indicators and Sunflower Yield","authors":"A. Jasim, Shrook K. Mahde","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007026470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007026470","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectofan assembling and modify combine equipment which used for mechanical and chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer, on some machinery indicators, some soil properties and Sun flower yield in the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad field during the spring summer growing season of 2016. Three levels of machinery speed included: 6.8, 4.51and 2.85 Km.hrˉ1 and cultivation treatments included: mechanical chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizers, mechanical and chemical cultivation, mechanical and spraying fertilizers and control treatment were studied in this experiment. Field efficiency, soil moisture content, Plant height, plant yield,weed control percentagewere measured in this experiment. Nested designs under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with, three replications were used in this study. Least significant difference at 0.05 probabilities was used to compare the mean of the treatments. The results showed that increasing machinery speed from 2.85 to 4.51 to 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 led to a significant increase insoil moisture content stood 17.31 to 18.38 to 18.82 %, plant height stood 131.26 to 133.03 to 136.88 cm, plant yields stood 7.34 to 8.05 to 8.52 ton.haˉ1,weed control percentage stood 83.68 to 89.81 to 91.53 %. Decreasing machinery speed from 6.8 to 4.51 to 2.85 Km.hrˉ1 led to a significant increase in field efficiency stood 61.71 to 62.62 to 64.75 %. Mechanical, chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer treatment was significantly superior on other treatments in soil moisture content, plant height and plant yield. Mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment was significant superior in increasing weed control percentage. There was no significant effect in field efficiency by cultivation treatments. There were significant differences on the studied properties attributed by the interaction treatments. 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 and mechanical, chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer cultivation interaction caused significant increase in soil moisture content stood 18.91 %, plant height stood 137.88 cm and plant yield stood 8.99 ton. haˉ1. 6.8 Km.hrˉ1 and mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment caused significant increase in weed control percentage stood 92.33 %. There were no significant differences on field efficiency, due to interferences treatments. There were significant differences between cultivation treatments and the control treatment. Mechanical chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer was significant superior in soil moisture content stood 18.25 % on control treatment which got17.76 %, mechanical and chemical cultivation and spraying fertilizer treatment got the best plant height stood 134.58 cm, while control treatment got 127.00 cm,mechanical and chemical cultivation andspraying fertilizer treatment got the best plant yieldsstood 8.54 ton.haˉ1 while control treatment got 6.68 ton.haˉ1, mechanical and chemical cultivation treatment got the best weed contro","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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