J. P. Toukala, C. D. Tadondjou, T. Ojong, D. Feugaing, M. Nguepi, N. Vemo, P. A. Noubissi, G. M. Tchowan, F. Ngoula, C. Tiambo
Background:Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds which helps farmers in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and thus reducing the high cost of feed. The current study aimed to determine some reproductive performances of local Kabir rooster fed with diets supplemented with thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) powder. Materials and Methods: A total of 40kabir chicks were divided into four groups on the basis of the diet. One group (T0) received a basal diet (control),two others received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (T5) and 1% (T10) of thyme powder while the fourth (TOxy) received a commercial antibiotic, Oxykel 80 WP (0.5g/L H2O). From the 24 th week old, six roosters of each group were bred with females and eggs were collected and incubated to evaluate fertility and hatchability. At 28 th week, the chickens were weighed; their comb and wattle size measured and they were slaughtered thereafter. Blood was collected for hormonal assessment. Collected sperm was characterized and testes were weighted, their size and volume evaluated. Results: Comb height and comb length as well as wattle length were not affected by the thyme supplementation of the diet. However, roosters fed on thyme, especially at 1% significantly increase (P˂0.05) the serum level of LH (5.51±0.39 mUI/mL) and testosterone (1.21±0.27 mUI/mL). These treatments increased sperm volume and the sperm mass motility (76.67±8.16 %), sperm density (3.93±0.12 %) the percentage of live sperm (94.33±0.52 %) compared to the control diet. the spermatozoa abnormality rate was significantly high in TOxy group (3.75±0.76%) and lowest in T10 (1.08±0.49%). The same observation was recorded with the type of abnormality. Addition of 1% thyme in bird diet increased testes relative weight and volume. Thyme positively affected testes length, width and right testicular shape index. This supplement also significantly increased the fertility rate. Eggs fertilized by semen fromroosters fed diet containing 0.5 and 1% of Thyme showed the highest fertility rate. Conclusion:It could be concluded from this study that Thymus vulgaris could be used in poultry as additive diet to improve reproductive hormone level, semen quality, testes characteristics, fertility and eggs hatchability.
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) on reproductive parameters in local Kabir rooster of Cameroon","authors":"J. P. Toukala, C. D. Tadondjou, T. Ojong, D. Feugaing, M. Nguepi, N. Vemo, P. A. Noubissi, G. M. Tchowan, F. Ngoula, C. Tiambo","doi":"10.9790/2380-1303021522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1303021522","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds which helps farmers in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and thus reducing the high cost of feed. The current study aimed to determine some reproductive performances of local Kabir rooster fed with diets supplemented with thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) powder. Materials and Methods: A total of 40kabir chicks were divided into four groups on the basis of the diet. One group (T0) received a basal diet (control),two others received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (T5) and 1% (T10) of thyme powder while the fourth (TOxy) received a commercial antibiotic, Oxykel 80 WP (0.5g/L H2O). From the 24 th week old, six roosters of each group were bred with females and eggs were collected and incubated to evaluate fertility and hatchability. At 28 th week, the chickens were weighed; their comb and wattle size measured and they were slaughtered thereafter. Blood was collected for hormonal assessment. Collected sperm was characterized and testes were weighted, their size and volume evaluated. Results: Comb height and comb length as well as wattle length were not affected by the thyme supplementation of the diet. However, roosters fed on thyme, especially at 1% significantly increase (P˂0.05) the serum level of LH (5.51±0.39 mUI/mL) and testosterone (1.21±0.27 mUI/mL). These treatments increased sperm volume and the sperm mass motility (76.67±8.16 %), sperm density (3.93±0.12 %) the percentage of live sperm (94.33±0.52 %) compared to the control diet. the spermatozoa abnormality rate was significantly high in TOxy group (3.75±0.76%) and lowest in T10 (1.08±0.49%). The same observation was recorded with the type of abnormality. Addition of 1% thyme in bird diet increased testes relative weight and volume. Thyme positively affected testes length, width and right testicular shape index. This supplement also significantly increased the fertility rate. Eggs fertilized by semen fromroosters fed diet containing 0.5 and 1% of Thyme showed the highest fertility rate. Conclusion:It could be concluded from this study that Thymus vulgaris could be used in poultry as additive diet to improve reproductive hormone level, semen quality, testes characteristics, fertility and eggs hatchability.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85713232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohammed, S. H. Ahmed, S. A. Omer, Gusai.H.Abdel Sammad
The objectives of this study are to find reference values for German shepherd dog reared in Sudan, evaluate the effects of sex on platelet parameters, correlations between platelets indices. Thirty three healthy dogs aged between 2 to 4 years of the breed German shepherd in the Sudan were categorized into two sex groups (14males, 19 females) were used in this study.Five ml Blood samples were taken from cephalic vein and analysis was performed using the Sysmex KX2 hematology analyzer. The following parameters were evaluated: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet crit (PCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW), along with parallel red blood cell parameters. The overall mean values of platelet parameter were: PLT 183.52± 59.97 (×10 9 /L), MPV 9.19±0.96ƒl, PCT 0.13±0.09% and PDW15.61±0.90%. Significant sex differences were observed for platelet count and red cell distribution width (P≤0.05) between male and female. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was found between PLT and PCT in female and the over all, No significant correlations between PLT and MPV, PDW in the two sexes, moreover, significant correlations (P≤0.01) were observed between PDW and RBC, MCV, and RDW in the over all. However, no significant correlations were detected between RBC and PLT, PCT, and PCV in all dogs. Effect of sex should be considered in clinical interpretation of dog platelet variables. Determined reference values may be useful information for an increasing clinical use
{"title":"Platelet Indices in Male and Female German Shepherd Dogs in the Sudan","authors":"N. Mohammed, S. H. Ahmed, S. A. Omer, Gusai.H.Abdel Sammad","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007026063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007026063","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study are to find reference values for German shepherd dog reared in Sudan, evaluate the effects of sex on platelet parameters, correlations between platelets indices. Thirty three healthy dogs aged between 2 to 4 years of the breed German shepherd in the Sudan were categorized into two sex groups (14males, 19 females) were used in this study.Five ml Blood samples were taken from cephalic vein and analysis was performed using the Sysmex KX2 hematology analyzer. The following parameters were evaluated: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet crit (PCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW), along with parallel red blood cell parameters. The overall mean values of platelet parameter were: PLT 183.52± 59.97 (×10 9 /L), MPV 9.19±0.96ƒl, PCT 0.13±0.09% and PDW15.61±0.90%. Significant sex differences were observed for platelet count and red cell distribution width (P≤0.05) between male and female. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was found between PLT and PCT in female and the over all, No significant correlations between PLT and MPV, PDW in the two sexes, moreover, significant correlations (P≤0.01) were observed between PDW and RBC, MCV, and RDW in the over all. However, no significant correlations were detected between RBC and PLT, PCT, and PCV in all dogs. Effect of sex should be considered in clinical interpretation of dog platelet variables. Determined reference values may be useful information for an increasing clinical use","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"60-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81186807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moral philosophy is involved in developing a systematic approach to determine the sense of right and wrong and has been the major subject to define ethic in animal production. Traditionally, from a humancentered perspective, fish are simply objects for human consumption. Welfare is a complex conception of human consciousness about animal suffering. Stress is a consequence of low welfare and causes important changes in animal organisms but also in behavior and life quality. The main aspects of fish welfare approached on this study are: social subordination and stocking density; water quality (temperature and ammonia); transport of live fish; external indicators of welfare; pain perception and fear.
{"title":"Welfare and stress in fish","authors":"Letícia N. Fonseca, D. Streit, L. Marques","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007014548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007014548","url":null,"abstract":"Moral philosophy is involved in developing a systematic approach to determine the sense of right and wrong and has been the major subject to define ethic in animal production. Traditionally, from a humancentered perspective, fish are simply objects for human consumption. Welfare is a complex conception of human consciousness about animal suffering. Stress is a consequence of low welfare and causes important changes in animal organisms but also in behavior and life quality. The main aspects of fish welfare approached on this study are: social subordination and stocking density; water quality (temperature and ammonia); transport of live fish; external indicators of welfare; pain perception and fear.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of pesticide on vegetables will protect them from pest injury, but in another hand will hold pesticide residues inside vegetables. These residues have harmful effect against all consumers. Detection about pesticide residues has been carried out for some Iraqi vegetables (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and zucchini) by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). QuEChERS method has been applied for extraction pesticide residues from targeted vegetables. The GC/MS has been carried out for distinguish the vegetables that are suffering from hyper concentration in pesticide residues more than maximum residues limits (MRLs) that is determinant by codex alimentarius. GC/MS analysis that is carried out reviled the existence of only bi-products belong to imidacloprid and oxamyl pesticides. The active ingredients of both pesticides degraded efficiently and there is no ability to trace them back. Some of the bi-products represent additives add to improve the ability of pesticides in killing pest. Some of those bi-products have toxicity when they combine with other kinds of components. The samples collected from two sites, the time of collection are beginning, mid, and end of month. The months that elected for collection samples are August, September, October, and November. The detection revealed that November is the best month regarding pesticide residues.
{"title":"Detection of Oxamyl and Imidacloprid Pesticide residues in Some Iraqi Vegetables","authors":"Maad N. Mahdi, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007026780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007026780","url":null,"abstract":"Application of pesticide on vegetables will protect them from pest injury, but in another hand will hold pesticide residues inside vegetables. These residues have harmful effect against all consumers. Detection about pesticide residues has been carried out for some Iraqi vegetables (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and zucchini) by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). QuEChERS method has been applied for extraction pesticide residues from targeted vegetables. The GC/MS has been carried out for distinguish the vegetables that are suffering from hyper concentration in pesticide residues more than maximum residues limits (MRLs) that is determinant by codex alimentarius. GC/MS analysis that is carried out reviled the existence of only bi-products belong to imidacloprid and oxamyl pesticides. The active ingredients of both pesticides degraded efficiently and there is no ability to trace them back. Some of the bi-products represent additives add to improve the ability of pesticides in killing pest. Some of those bi-products have toxicity when they combine with other kinds of components. The samples collected from two sites, the time of collection are beginning, mid, and end of month. The months that elected for collection samples are August, September, October, and November. The detection revealed that November is the best month regarding pesticide residues.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water-related neglected tropical diseasesare endemic among rural and farming households in Nigeria. The burden of these diseases on farm families and the society as a whole has not been fully appreciated as a result of limited empirical evidence of the incidence of the diseases at household level. This paper examined the incidence of four water-related neglected tropical diseases in rural Nigeria using data from the National Demographic and Health survey of 2008. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the incidence of the diseases across household socioeconomic and water/sanitation characteristics with the aim of linking water use and sanitation dynamics with the incidence of the identified water related Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The results showed that NTDs were endemic among rural households in northern Nigeria. The NTDs were also highest among the poorest households, with low levels of formal education. Water-related factors that predisposes rural farm families to the diseases were source of drinking water, water treatment methods andsanitation type. It is recommended that sustainable water supply based on inclusive participation of all stakeholders be put in place to forestall the spread of the disease among rural households in Nigeria.
{"title":"Estimating the Incidence of Water Related Diseases: the case of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Rural Nigeria","authors":"T. Adeyemo, B. Omonona","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007014957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007014957","url":null,"abstract":"Water-related neglected tropical diseasesare endemic among rural and farming households in Nigeria. The burden of these diseases on farm families and the society as a whole has not been fully appreciated as a result of limited empirical evidence of the incidence of the diseases at household level. This paper examined the incidence of four water-related neglected tropical diseases in rural Nigeria using data from the National Demographic and Health survey of 2008. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the incidence of the diseases across household socioeconomic and water/sanitation characteristics with the aim of linking water use and sanitation dynamics with the incidence of the identified water related Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The results showed that NTDs were endemic among rural households in northern Nigeria. The NTDs were also highest among the poorest households, with low levels of formal education. Water-related factors that predisposes rural farm families to the diseases were source of drinking water, water treatment methods andsanitation type. It is recommended that sustainable water supply based on inclusive participation of all stakeholders be put in place to forestall the spread of the disease among rural households in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90689597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. M. Yusuf, S. Hassan, O. Oluwatoyin, N. Hanif
Rice is a staple food for Malaysian and productivity must be focus upon in order to meet the increasing demand as the country growing population increases. Government had to produce a new and good variety of paddy which is MR219 and also to provide the Technology of Rice check as a manual and guideline to the extension agents to meet the needs of the farmers. However, the current yield at IADA Pekan is only 2.6 mt/ha which is not even up to the half of the potential yield of 10 mt/ha. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the involvement level and work performance of extension agents in objective setting, planning, implementing, and monitoring activities in transfer of technology based on Rice Check in IADA Pekan. The study was conducted in Pekan, Pahang and 137 respondents were considered for the 3 schemes which are Pahang Tua, Ganchong and Pulau Jawa. Questionnaire was used to elicit response from the respondents and the data was analyzed using SPSS. Based on the result obtained, the respondents at IADA Pekan has moderate level of practice toward rice check technology and the relationship between management function and work performance is also moderate.
{"title":"The Involvement Level of Extension Agent in Activities Based on Rice Check Technology at IADA PEKAN Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"M. A. M. Yusuf, S. Hassan, O. Oluwatoyin, N. Hanif","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007028185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007028185","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a staple food for Malaysian and productivity must be focus upon in order to meet the increasing demand as the country growing population increases. Government had to produce a new and good variety of paddy which is MR219 and also to provide the Technology of Rice check as a manual and guideline to the extension agents to meet the needs of the farmers. However, the current yield at IADA Pekan is only 2.6 mt/ha which is not even up to the half of the potential yield of 10 mt/ha. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the involvement level and work performance of extension agents in objective setting, planning, implementing, and monitoring activities in transfer of technology based on Rice Check in IADA Pekan. The study was conducted in Pekan, Pahang and 137 respondents were considered for the 3 schemes which are Pahang Tua, Ganchong and Pulau Jawa. Questionnaire was used to elicit response from the respondents and the data was analyzed using SPSS. Based on the result obtained, the respondents at IADA Pekan has moderate level of practice toward rice check technology and the relationship between management function and work performance is also moderate.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83041719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamal Saad, Haziem T. Thweni, Diheya A. Abdali, A. Tarik
Contagious ecthyma in sheep of Basrah, Iraq were detected clinically and diagnosed. The study was carried out on one hundred thirty two sheep, aged 3-8 months and of both sexes reared in Basrah Governorate, Basrah Iraq. One hundred and twenty two animals show the pathognomic clinical manifestations of contagious ecthyma and, Ten clinically normal sheep were considered as controls. Disease animals show signs of anorexia, depression and dullness, Moreover, contagious ecthyma lesions are severe and restricted to the skin in the form of excretive , inclusive , diffusive painful papular and or pustuler lesions appear at mouth commeasure ,upper and lower part of lips and on the muzzle , Moreover ,Some infective lesions were appear also on nose , Furthermore , lesion of upper eye lid were indicated in one animal, On the other hand some animals show more advanced lesions in the form of thicker, brownish , rapidly accretive scabs with granulation, which when removed, leave an area of raw bleeding . Orf lesions had offensive odor and in severe infection fissures were observed on the lower lip . Diagnosis of contagious ecthyma virus confirmed by PCR test, thereby samples were found positive show the predicted PCR amplicon size of 408 bp , Moreover, a significant increase was encountered in body temperature ,respiratory and heart rate of diseased sheep than in controls , In addition results of hematological examinations indicated leukocytosis and lymphocytosis whereas the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes were significantly increased , Moreover , a significant increaser in haptoglobin and Fibrinigen time were indicated in diseased sheep compared with controls.
{"title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Studies of Contagious Ecthyma (ORF) In Sheep","authors":"Kamal Saad, Haziem T. Thweni, Diheya A. Abdali, A. Tarik","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007016469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007016469","url":null,"abstract":"Contagious ecthyma in sheep of Basrah, Iraq were detected clinically and diagnosed. The study was carried out on one hundred thirty two sheep, aged 3-8 months and of both sexes reared in Basrah Governorate, Basrah Iraq. One hundred and twenty two animals show the pathognomic clinical manifestations of contagious ecthyma and, Ten clinically normal sheep were considered as controls. Disease animals show signs of anorexia, depression and dullness, Moreover, contagious ecthyma lesions are severe and restricted to the skin in the form of excretive , inclusive , diffusive painful papular and or pustuler lesions appear at mouth commeasure ,upper and lower part of lips and on the muzzle , Moreover ,Some infective lesions were appear also on nose , Furthermore , lesion of upper eye lid were indicated in one animal, On the other hand some animals show more advanced lesions in the form of thicker, brownish , rapidly accretive scabs with granulation, which when removed, leave an area of raw bleeding . Orf lesions had offensive odor and in severe infection fissures were observed on the lower lip . Diagnosis of contagious ecthyma virus confirmed by PCR test, thereby samples were found positive show the predicted PCR amplicon size of 408 bp , Moreover, a significant increase was encountered in body temperature ,respiratory and heart rate of diseased sheep than in controls , In addition results of hematological examinations indicated leukocytosis and lymphocytosis whereas the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes were significantly increased , Moreover , a significant increaser in haptoglobin and Fibrinigen time were indicated in diseased sheep compared with controls.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"150 1","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78596359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was performed out in Tumaratas Village, Minahasa Regency Indonesia.The aim of this research was to know the income obtained in smallholder cattle farmer’s household , examine earning share of cattle farming to the total household income and factors affecting household income from cattle farming business as well. Data collection were conducted through 100 farm households which were selected as respondents using stratified purposive sampling method. Respondents were grouped into three strata based on the number of cattle ownership. Stratum 1 raised 1≤ 5 AUs consisted of 93 respondents, stratum 2 owned 5-10 AUs consisted of 5 respondents and stratum 3 managed > 10 AUs consisted of 2 respondents. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and quantitative analysis. The study indicated that more than 50% of household’s income derived from cattle farming. Earnings from cattle business in stratum 2 and 3 showed a higher (>60%) contribution to household’s income compare to stratum 1 (50%). The returns from cattle farming tend to increase with an increase on herd size. Besides, Households in stratum 1 get more income from crops (i.e. onion, maize, tomato, red bean , peanut) due to a few cattle they had raised. Partially, the variables that could significantly effected farmers’ income from cattle business were number of cattle, family labor, inseminator cost, cost of natural mating, value added of cattle and land size whereas education of head had significantly not influenced farmers income.
{"title":"Household Income Investigation in Smallholder Cattle Farming At Minahasa Regency North Sulawesi Province-Indonesia","authors":"E. Wantasen, U. Paputungan","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007020612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007020612","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed out in Tumaratas Village, Minahasa Regency Indonesia.The aim of this research was to know the income obtained in smallholder cattle farmer’s household , examine earning share of cattle farming to the total household income and factors affecting household income from cattle farming business as well. Data collection were conducted through 100 farm households which were selected as respondents using stratified purposive sampling method. Respondents were grouped into three strata based on the number of cattle ownership. Stratum 1 raised 1≤ 5 AUs consisted of 93 respondents, stratum 2 owned 5-10 AUs consisted of 5 respondents and stratum 3 managed > 10 AUs consisted of 2 respondents. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and quantitative analysis. The study indicated that more than 50% of household’s income derived from cattle farming. Earnings from cattle business in stratum 2 and 3 showed a higher (>60%) contribution to household’s income compare to stratum 1 (50%). The returns from cattle farming tend to increase with an increase on herd size. Besides, Households in stratum 1 get more income from crops (i.e. onion, maize, tomato, red bean , peanut) due to a few cattle they had raised. Partially, the variables that could significantly effected farmers’ income from cattle business were number of cattle, family labor, inseminator cost, cost of natural mating, value added of cattle and land size whereas education of head had significantly not influenced farmers income.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"06-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89694376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Tona, F. O. Ogunleke, A. Asaolu, A. O. Yusuf, E. J. Olasusi
Four grass species (Panicum maximum, Imperata cylindrica, Axonopus fissifolius and Brachiaria decumbens) and three legume/browse species (Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, and Gliricidia sepium) were evaluated for proximate composition and in vitro gas production characteristics. The completely randomized design with four grass species and three legume/browse species, each in triplicates was employed. The dry matter of the grass species ranged between 79.38 and 89.95%, while that of legume/browse species ranged from 85.00 to 93.38%. The crude protein contents of the grasses ranged from 5.68 to 8.72% and the legumes from 16.02 to 28.86%. Other ranges of values were for crude fibre, 18.34 to 24.32% in the grasses and 12.16 to 61.41% in the legume/browse species. Gas production (23.00 – 54.00 ml/200 mg DM) at 24 h incubation, potential gas production (a + b) also (23.00 – 54.00 ml/200 mg DM), metabolizable energy (ME) (6.01 – 7.07 MJ/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (44.53 – 78.91%) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (0.49 – 1.23 μmol) were observed. These values were higher in the legume/browse than in the grass species. In conclusion, the observed nutritive values of the forages understudied have shown that they could be beneficial for improved goat production in Nigeria.
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Grass and Legume/Browse Species Grazed by West African Dwarf Goats in South-Western Nigeria","authors":"G. Tona, F. O. Ogunleke, A. Asaolu, A. O. Yusuf, E. J. Olasusi","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007017075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007017075","url":null,"abstract":"Four grass species (Panicum maximum, Imperata cylindrica, Axonopus fissifolius and Brachiaria decumbens) and three legume/browse species (Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, and Gliricidia sepium) were evaluated for proximate composition and in vitro gas production characteristics. The completely randomized design with four grass species and three legume/browse species, each in triplicates was employed. The dry matter of the grass species ranged between 79.38 and 89.95%, while that of legume/browse species ranged from 85.00 to 93.38%. The crude protein contents of the grasses ranged from 5.68 to 8.72% and the legumes from 16.02 to 28.86%. Other ranges of values were for crude fibre, 18.34 to 24.32% in the grasses and 12.16 to 61.41% in the legume/browse species. Gas production (23.00 – 54.00 ml/200 mg DM) at 24 h incubation, potential gas production (a + b) also (23.00 – 54.00 ml/200 mg DM), metabolizable energy (ME) (6.01 – 7.07 MJ/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (44.53 – 78.91%) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (0.49 – 1.23 μmol) were observed. These values were higher in the legume/browse than in the grass species. In conclusion, the observed nutritive values of the forages understudied have shown that they could be beneficial for improved goat production in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79903649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Bacillus thuringiensis as an effective tool for insect pest control","authors":"Sajidmohammad A Saiyad","doi":"10.9790/2380-1007012729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007012729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"28 5 1","pages":"27-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78007008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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