Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious infectious disease caused by three RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and genus influenza virus. There are three types of influenza viruses (A, B and C.Type A influenza virus is defined as highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) or Lowly pathogenic AI (LPAI) by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its possession of certain genetic features associated with HPAI viruses.All cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza due to virus strains belong to the H5 and H7.A (H5N1) virus isolated from animals and humans since 2003 are divided into two (2) distinct genetic groups, closely related to each other. Since the appearance of HPAI in 2003 in several South-East Asian countries, outbreaks of the disease have been recorded in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This has disastrous consequences for the poultry industry in these regions and raised serious public health concerns. Thistook global dimension, which is translating in mobilization of regional and international communities.Historically there were three pandemics of AI in the last century: The so-called Spanish flu in 1918 making between 40 and 50 million human deaths, the so-called Asian flu in 1957 causing 2 million human deaths and the so-called Hong-Kong flu in 1968 causing 1 million human deaths.The objective of the present article is to synthesize information gathered from literature. The manuscript describes nature of the disease, resistance to physical and chemical action, its epidemiology, geographical distribution episodes of antigenic shift, genetic re-reassortment process, economic and socio-economic impacts.
{"title":"Avian Influenza: Review","authors":"B. Kebkiba, B. Antipas, O. Mahamat","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006013440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006013440","url":null,"abstract":"Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious infectious disease caused by three RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and genus influenza virus. There are three types of influenza viruses (A, B and C.Type A influenza virus is defined as highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) or Lowly pathogenic AI (LPAI) by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its possession of certain genetic features associated with HPAI viruses.All cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza due to virus strains belong to the H5 and H7.A (H5N1) virus isolated from animals and humans since 2003 are divided into two (2) distinct genetic groups, closely related to each other. Since the appearance of HPAI in 2003 in several South-East Asian countries, outbreaks of the disease have been recorded in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This has disastrous consequences for the poultry industry in these regions and raised serious public health concerns. Thistook global dimension, which is translating in mobilization of regional and international communities.Historically there were three pandemics of AI in the last century: The so-called Spanish flu in 1918 making between 40 and 50 million human deaths, the so-called Asian flu in 1957 causing 2 million human deaths and the so-called Hong-Kong flu in 1968 causing 1 million human deaths.The objective of the present article is to synthesize information gathered from literature. The manuscript describes nature of the disease, resistance to physical and chemical action, its epidemiology, geographical distribution episodes of antigenic shift, genetic re-reassortment process, economic and socio-economic impacts.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74488047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Andayani, P. C. Mawarda, E. S. T. Budiwati, S. Pudjiraharti, D. Ratnaningrum
{"title":"Production and Characterization of The Antipathogenic Strawberry Compound from Streptomyces Sp. Strain V2","authors":"D. Andayani, P. C. Mawarda, E. S. T. Budiwati, S. Pudjiraharti, D. Ratnaningrum","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006020712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006020712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"07-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88050107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cysticercosis of farm and wild animals is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of cestodes (tapeworms). Damage to tissues has been described in the cells of host infected with different species of Taenia. This damage is due to the increased amount of reactive oxygen radicals, which cause oxidative stress. Lipids, hepatocytic proteins and DNA are among the structures that are mostly affected by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; resulting in functional and structural abnormalities, particularly in the liver. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of T. Hydatigena on oxidative modifications of hepatocytes in sheep. Liver samples were taken from domestic and imported sheep slaughtered in local abattoirs in Saudi Arabia. The effect of oxidative stress on hepatic tissue was studied by measuring biochemical parameters such as: glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, and glutathione S-Transferase assays. In addition, RAPD-PCR was carried out using three primers (AP1, AP2 and AP3) to investigate the changes in DNA fingerprints due to parasitic infection. Percentage of genetic variations were measured in the different sheep samples, which showed that the DNA profile of infected sheep were different from health sheep between 51-62%. Generally local sheep were more affected than imported ones.
{"title":"Taenia Hydatigena Cysticercus and Its Toxic Effects on Liver and DNA Profile in Sheep","authors":"A. Jumah","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006010614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006010614","url":null,"abstract":"Cysticercosis of farm and wild animals is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of cestodes (tapeworms). Damage to tissues has been described in the cells of host infected with different species of Taenia. This damage is due to the increased amount of reactive oxygen radicals, which cause oxidative stress. Lipids, hepatocytic proteins and DNA are among the structures that are mostly affected by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; resulting in functional and structural abnormalities, particularly in the liver. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of T. Hydatigena on oxidative modifications of hepatocytes in sheep. Liver samples were taken from domestic and imported sheep slaughtered in local abattoirs in Saudi Arabia. The effect of oxidative stress on hepatic tissue was studied by measuring biochemical parameters such as: glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, and glutathione S-Transferase assays. In addition, RAPD-PCR was carried out using three primers (AP1, AP2 and AP3) to investigate the changes in DNA fingerprints due to parasitic infection. Percentage of genetic variations were measured in the different sheep samples, which showed that the DNA profile of infected sheep were different from health sheep between 51-62%. Generally local sheep were more affected than imported ones.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"99 1","pages":"06-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78614284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research primarily addresses the energy problem as experienced by farmers who use the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer for maize grain drying. The study used a 4.7 hp (3.5 kW) single cylinder, fourstroke, multi-fuel engine which was operated on diesel and biodiesel fuels. The objective of the study was to simulate the amount of maize grain that could be dried with recovered energy at various engine speeds and loads. For the purposes of estimating the amount of maize grain that could be dried with the recovered energy, specifications of the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer were used. The dryer had a rated capacity of 1900 kg/h. Determination of mass balances for dry matter and water were done using grain drying models. The main contribution of this study, in addition to the possibility of avoiding contact with dangerous propane, is in the possible minimization of energy costs by using less propane or none through the utilization of the recovered energy from exhaust gases. Through simulation, about 600 grams per hour and 700 grams per hour of maize grain could be dried with the recovered energy when the engine was operated on diesel and biodiesel respectively.
{"title":"Grain Drying Simulation in a GT-380 Dryer using Energy Recovered from ICE Exhaust","authors":"George Onyango Orido, M. Njue, G. Ngunjiri","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006020106","url":null,"abstract":"This research primarily addresses the energy problem as experienced by farmers who use the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer for maize grain drying. The study used a 4.7 hp (3.5 kW) single cylinder, fourstroke, multi-fuel engine which was operated on diesel and biodiesel fuels. The objective of the study was to simulate the amount of maize grain that could be dried with recovered energy at various engine speeds and loads. For the purposes of estimating the amount of maize grain that could be dried with the recovered energy, specifications of the GT 380 recirculating batch dryer were used. The dryer had a rated capacity of 1900 kg/h. Determination of mass balances for dry matter and water were done using grain drying models. The main contribution of this study, in addition to the possibility of avoiding contact with dangerous propane, is in the possible minimization of energy costs by using less propane or none through the utilization of the recovered energy from exhaust gases. Through simulation, about 600 grams per hour and 700 grams per hour of maize grain could be dried with the recovered energy when the engine was operated on diesel and biodiesel respectively.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91511662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil pedons studied of Onwu floodplain in Cross River State, Nigeria for physic-chemical properties of whole-soil and water-stable aggregates 4.75 – 2.00, 2.00 – 1.00, 1.00 – 0.50, 0.50 – 0.25 and < 0.25 mm. Whole-soil and WSA relative distributions of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were evaluated under two tillage systems CT and NT. Nearness to the river affected the SOC distribution within the WSA with high values of SOC obtained from WSA 4.75 – 2.00 mm mostly in pedons nearest to river. SOC concentrations whole-soil and aggregate 4.75 – 2.00 mm of CT were ( p < 0.05 ) in pedon, horizon recorded ( p < 0.01 ) whole-soil and other aggregates sizes except aggregate 0.50 – 0.25 mm, interaction ( p < 0.05 ). Under NT whole-soil, 4.75 – 2.00 and 1.00 – 0.50 mm aggregates were ( p < 0.05 ) among pedons, while wholesoil and 4.75 – 2.00 mm aggregate were ( p < 0.01 ) among horizons, while other aggregates organic carbon were ( p < 0.05 ). Total nitrogen concentration of whole-soil was ( p < 0.05 ) among pedons while horizon whole-soil and other aggregates were ( p < 0.01 ), except < 0.25 mm aggregate with ( p < 0.05 ) of CT. Total nitrogen concentration in aggregates 4.75 – 2.00 and 0.50 – 0.25 mm were ( p < 0.05 ) of NT among pedons, horizons whole-soil and other aggregates were ( p < 0.01 ) except 0.50 – 0.25 mm aggregate, interaction( p < 0.05 ) for 4.75 – 2.00 and < 0.25 mm aggregates. Higher C/N ratio of whole-soils over the WSA classes implied active mineralization of soil organic matter in aggregates. Available Phosphorus content of both whole-soil and five WSA classes is low reflecting the low phosphorus contents of the parent materials, fixation and redistribution of phosphorus by erosion and flood.
{"title":"Distribution of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water-Stable Aggregates of Onwu Floodplain Soils, Nigeria.","authors":"P. Ogbaji, L. Jianmin, A. Eneji","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006012733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006012733","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pedons studied of Onwu floodplain in Cross River State, Nigeria for physic-chemical properties of whole-soil and water-stable aggregates 4.75 – 2.00, 2.00 – 1.00, 1.00 – 0.50, 0.50 – 0.25 and < 0.25 mm. Whole-soil and WSA relative distributions of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were evaluated under two tillage systems CT and NT. Nearness to the river affected the SOC distribution within the WSA with high values of SOC obtained from WSA 4.75 – 2.00 mm mostly in pedons nearest to river. SOC concentrations whole-soil and aggregate 4.75 – 2.00 mm of CT were ( p < 0.05 ) in pedon, horizon recorded ( p < 0.01 ) whole-soil and other aggregates sizes except aggregate 0.50 – 0.25 mm, interaction ( p < 0.05 ). Under NT whole-soil, 4.75 – 2.00 and 1.00 – 0.50 mm aggregates were ( p < 0.05 ) among pedons, while wholesoil and 4.75 – 2.00 mm aggregate were ( p < 0.01 ) among horizons, while other aggregates organic carbon were ( p < 0.05 ). Total nitrogen concentration of whole-soil was ( p < 0.05 ) among pedons while horizon whole-soil and other aggregates were ( p < 0.01 ), except < 0.25 mm aggregate with ( p < 0.05 ) of CT. Total nitrogen concentration in aggregates 4.75 – 2.00 and 0.50 – 0.25 mm were ( p < 0.05 ) of NT among pedons, horizons whole-soil and other aggregates were ( p < 0.01 ) except 0.50 – 0.25 mm aggregate, interaction( p < 0.05 ) for 4.75 – 2.00 and < 0.25 mm aggregates. Higher C/N ratio of whole-soils over the WSA classes implied active mineralization of soil organic matter in aggregates. Available Phosphorus content of both whole-soil and five WSA classes is low reflecting the low phosphorus contents of the parent materials, fixation and redistribution of phosphorus by erosion and flood.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77632515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to know the quality and safety of some canned food products which sold out of its suitable place, by using microbiological detection of (10) of these samples collected randomly from hawkers who sell these products in the sidewalk of different places in the market of Baghdad city. Microbiological analysis results demonstrated that all of these samples are safe and valid for human consumption compared with Iraqi standard of microbial limitation in food.
{"title":"Quality And Safety Of Some Food Products Offered In Sidewalk In Local Market","authors":"M. A. J. Alkhafaji","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006014144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006014144","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to know the quality and safety of some canned food products which sold out of its suitable place, by using microbiological detection of (10) of these samples collected randomly from hawkers who sell these products in the sidewalk of different places in the market of Baghdad city. Microbiological analysis results demonstrated that all of these samples are safe and valid for human consumption compared with Iraqi standard of microbial limitation in food.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"132 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75135422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major purpose of the present study is to know the development of irrigation in respect of net irrigated area, Gross Irrigated area and sources of irrigation and the effects of irrigation on agriculture in respect of land use pattern, Intensity of cropping, cropping pattern and environmental degradation. For this purpose, the study is divided into two parts; first part deals with the development of irrigation and it is found that extent of irrigation has increased very significantly. It has increased from 59.72 per cent in 1965-66 to 97.9 per cent in 2010-11. The second part highlights the effects of irrigation on agriculture. These effects are noted on Net sown area, Intensity of cropping, changes in cropping pattern, yield of crops and environmental degradation. Some positive impacts are noted on net sown area, intensity of cropping and cropping pattern. On the other hand some negative impacts are noted on sub-soil water, soils and air which are badly effected. On the whole, it is observed that impacts of irrigation on Punjab agriculture are highly appreciable during the period under study.
{"title":"Development of Irrigation and Its Impact on Agriculture in Punjab: 1965-66 to 2010-11","authors":"P. Rana","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006025763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006025763","url":null,"abstract":"The major purpose of the present study is to know the development of irrigation in respect of net irrigated area, Gross Irrigated area and sources of irrigation and the effects of irrigation on agriculture in respect of land use pattern, Intensity of cropping, cropping pattern and environmental degradation. For this purpose, the study is divided into two parts; first part deals with the development of irrigation and it is found that extent of irrigation has increased very significantly. It has increased from 59.72 per cent in 1965-66 to 97.9 per cent in 2010-11. The second part highlights the effects of irrigation on agriculture. These effects are noted on Net sown area, Intensity of cropping, changes in cropping pattern, yield of crops and environmental degradation. Some positive impacts are noted on net sown area, intensity of cropping and cropping pattern. On the other hand some negative impacts are noted on sub-soil water, soils and air which are badly effected. On the whole, it is observed that impacts of irrigation on Punjab agriculture are highly appreciable during the period under study.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The angelwing clams or known locally as ‘siput mentarang’; Pholas orientalis, can be one of the potential species for aquaculture industries in Malaysia and hopefully in near future it can be an option for farmers to culture the clams. As most bivalves culture system, the seeds are obtained naturally and collected by farmers on certain time of the year. Thus, knowledge of the clam’s life-cycle will be advantageous in aquaculture especially in farm’s planning and scheduling. Three locations in Kedah, Perak and Selangor have been selected for this study. The samples were collected periodically using a systematic sampling method starting from March 2015 to April 2016 at each sampling sites. Plankton net was used to collect the eggs, larvae and umbo stage of P. orientalis, while soil samples were collected at depth of about 0.5m using a scoop for juvenile and adult stage analysis, and soil quality. The study showed that the three locations had different seasonal timing of the life-cycle developmental stages of the clams. A combination of abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient may contribute to the differences of the developmental stages of P. orientalis within the study areas. It was found that the abundance of food (planktons) contributed greatly to the life cycle timing of the clams.
{"title":"The Study of Pholas Orientalis’s Life Cycle and Its Relationship with the Ecological Parameters in States of Kedah, Perak and Selangor, Malaysia","authors":"Hartina bt Mohd Yusop, Mohd Ramli","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006011520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006011520","url":null,"abstract":"The angelwing clams or known locally as ‘siput mentarang’; Pholas orientalis, can be one of the potential species for aquaculture industries in Malaysia and hopefully in near future it can be an option for farmers to culture the clams. As most bivalves culture system, the seeds are obtained naturally and collected by farmers on certain time of the year. Thus, knowledge of the clam’s life-cycle will be advantageous in aquaculture especially in farm’s planning and scheduling. Three locations in Kedah, Perak and Selangor have been selected for this study. The samples were collected periodically using a systematic sampling method starting from March 2015 to April 2016 at each sampling sites. Plankton net was used to collect the eggs, larvae and umbo stage of P. orientalis, while soil samples were collected at depth of about 0.5m using a scoop for juvenile and adult stage analysis, and soil quality. The study showed that the three locations had different seasonal timing of the life-cycle developmental stages of the clams. A combination of abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient may contribute to the differences of the developmental stages of P. orientalis within the study areas. It was found that the abundance of food (planktons) contributed greatly to the life cycle timing of the clams.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88303946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to predict the influence of body measurements on first lactation milk yield of Jersey crosses and Holstein Friesian crosses. Body weight, body height, heart girth, body length and posterior girth measurements were taken from 50 Jersey crosses and 70 HF crosses. Experimental animals were fed and managed under tail to tail system of housing at dairy farm. From the calculation of data on different parameters it is concluded that body measurements has non-significant effect on body weight, heart girth, body length, body height and posterior girth on first lactation milk yield in Jersey crosses. In Holstein Friesian crosses had significant effect on body weight and posterior girth and non significant effect on heart girth, body length and body height on first lactation milk yield in HF crosses.
{"title":"Effect of Body Measurements on First Lactation Milk Yield in Jersey Crosses And Holstein Friesian Crosses","authors":"Rajeev Mishra, R. Singh, S. Herbert","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006014550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006014550","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to predict the influence of body measurements on first lactation milk yield of Jersey crosses and Holstein Friesian crosses. Body weight, body height, heart girth, body length and posterior girth measurements were taken from 50 Jersey crosses and 70 HF crosses. Experimental animals were fed and managed under tail to tail system of housing at dairy farm. From the calculation of data on different parameters it is concluded that body measurements has non-significant effect on body weight, heart girth, body length, body height and posterior girth on first lactation milk yield in Jersey crosses. In Holstein Friesian crosses had significant effect on body weight and posterior girth and non significant effect on heart girth, body length and body height on first lactation milk yield in HF crosses.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89317250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cutting angles and knife type on some operations characteristics for a locally palm pruning motorizedvibration cutter. An equipment was fabricated to use a vibration motion to operate the cutting knife to cut the base of date palm fronds around the date palm tree trunk .Three cutting angles included 45°,60°and 90° with three locally manufactured knives included A,B and C types were used in this study. Time of cutting one frond, time of cutting three rows of fronds, level of cutting difference, productivity and efficiency was measured in this experiment. Randomized Complete block design with three replication was used in this experiment. Least significant differences (L.S.D.) under 0.05 level was used to compare the mean of treatment. The results can be summarized as follow: 45° cutting angle gave a lower one frond cutting time ,three rows cutting time and differences of surface cutting level amounted to 2.65 sec. 1.74 min. ,5.28 mm .45° and 60° cutting angle got higher productivity stood 8.01 palm /h for both angles . Type (B) knife got lowest cutting time stood 3.22 sec. and higher productivity stood 8.80 palm /h ,while type A knife got a lowest ofthree rows of fronds and differences of surface cutting level stood 1.68 min.,5.28 mm. also type A knife got higher efficiency amounted to 87.67%. The interaction between cutting angle and knife type has significant effect on all properties .Using vibration motorizedcutter forcutting date palm fronds successfully done.
{"title":"Effect of Cutting Angle and Knives Type on Some Operational Characteristics for a Locally Manufactured Palm Pruning Motorized Vibration Cutter","authors":"A. Jasim, M. R. Abbood, S. Abbood","doi":"10.9790/2380-1006017275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006017275","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cutting angles and knife type on some operations characteristics for a locally palm pruning motorizedvibration cutter. An equipment was fabricated to use a vibration motion to operate the cutting knife to cut the base of date palm fronds around the date palm tree trunk .Three cutting angles included 45°,60°and 90° with three locally manufactured knives included A,B and C types were used in this study. Time of cutting one frond, time of cutting three rows of fronds, level of cutting difference, productivity and efficiency was measured in this experiment. Randomized Complete block design with three replication was used in this experiment. Least significant differences (L.S.D.) under 0.05 level was used to compare the mean of treatment. The results can be summarized as follow: 45° cutting angle gave a lower one frond cutting time ,three rows cutting time and differences of surface cutting level amounted to 2.65 sec. 1.74 min. ,5.28 mm .45° and 60° cutting angle got higher productivity stood 8.01 palm /h for both angles . Type (B) knife got lowest cutting time stood 3.22 sec. and higher productivity stood 8.80 palm /h ,while type A knife got a lowest ofthree rows of fronds and differences of surface cutting level stood 1.68 min.,5.28 mm. also type A knife got higher efficiency amounted to 87.67%. The interaction between cutting angle and knife type has significant effect on all properties .Using vibration motorizedcutter forcutting date palm fronds successfully done.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89556831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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