H. Kaushik, Mamta Sharma, Anuradha Sharma, A. Tiwari
Acrylics are sometimes referred to as "plastic glass" which have not only captured the novelty trade for costume jewelry, pocketbooks, hairbrushes, umbrella handles, trays and ornaments, but also have found more practical purposes in many industrial and commercial products for everyday use.
{"title":"Dielectric and relaxation processes in PEG based polymeric networks","authors":"H. Kaushik, Mamta Sharma, Anuradha Sharma, A. Tiwari","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903032731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903032731","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylics are sometimes referred to as \"plastic glass\" which have not only captured the novelty trade for costume jewelry, pocketbooks, hairbrushes, umbrella handles, trays and ornaments, but also have found more practical purposes in many industrial and commercial products for everyday use.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90877886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biya Motto Frederic, T. Roger, N. Benoît, Asonganyi Defang Nkafu Austin
This paper lists the restitution capacity of the spillway at different times and then shows by calculation that it is functioning properly. The Numerical modelling of the spillway was carried out using the HEC-RAS software of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and is limited to a single passage of 8.75m wide. The aim of the calculation is to obtain the flow conditions at the entrance of the restitution bucket where the water flow is at supercritical depth.
{"title":"Hydraulic Operation of the Spillway for the Lom Pangar Dam in Cameroon","authors":"Biya Motto Frederic, T. Roger, N. Benoît, Asonganyi Defang Nkafu Austin","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903031320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903031320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper lists the restitution capacity of the spillway at different times and then shows by calculation that it is functioning properly. The Numerical modelling of the spillway was carried out using the HEC-RAS software of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and is limited to a single passage of 8.75m wide. The aim of the calculation is to obtain the flow conditions at the entrance of the restitution bucket where the water flow is at supercritical depth.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89817133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na2O doped cadmium borate glasses were prepared by standard melt quench method with the composition 70B2O3-(30-x)CdO-xNa2O (where x=0, 5,10,15 and 20 mol %).The prepared glass samples are subjected to characterization such as XRD, SEM, FTIR and DTA techniques. XRD and SEM reveal the amorphous nature of the glass samples. Various band positions are confirmed by FTIR and the fraction of BO4 units increases at the expense of BO3 structural units with the increasing concentration of Na2O. The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature(Tm) are determined using DTA analysis. Thermal stability factor against devitrification is calculated using Tg, Tc and Tm values.
{"title":"Effect of Na2O on Structural and Thermal Properties of Cadmium Borate Glasses","authors":"R. E. Pavai, P. P. Dharsini","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903026770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903026770","url":null,"abstract":"Na2O doped cadmium borate glasses were prepared by standard melt quench method with the composition 70B2O3-(30-x)CdO-xNa2O (where x=0, 5,10,15 and 20 mol %).The prepared glass samples are subjected to characterization such as XRD, SEM, FTIR and DTA techniques. XRD and SEM reveal the amorphous nature of the glass samples. Various band positions are confirmed by FTIR and the fraction of BO4 units increases at the expense of BO3 structural units with the increasing concentration of Na2O. The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature(Tm) are determined using DTA analysis. Thermal stability factor against devitrification is calculated using Tg, Tc and Tm values.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77553135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A set of exact solutions of the relativistic Schroedinger equation for central potential ) , where a and b are parameters of the given potential are to be obtained by using a suitable ansatz. For each solution, a separate relation interrelating the parameters of the potential and the orbital angular momentum quantum no. . The eigenfunctions obtained here are normalizable. The fractional power potential is relevant in connection with quark model of hadrons and some other branches of physics like particle and nuclear physics.
{"title":"Exact Solution of the relativistic Schroedinger equation for the central potential","authors":"V. Srivastava, S. Bose","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903012527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903012527","url":null,"abstract":"A set of exact solutions of the relativistic Schroedinger equation for central potential ) , where a and b are parameters of the given potential are to be obtained by using a suitable ansatz. For each solution, a separate relation interrelating the parameters of the potential and the orbital angular momentum quantum no. . The eigenfunctions obtained here are normalizable. The fractional power potential is relevant in connection with quark model of hadrons and some other branches of physics like particle and nuclear physics.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79255510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research work aims to analyze the cosmogenic radionuclide like Be, C, Cl, Ca etc obtained in various previous research formed by cosmic ray spallations in quartz samples theoretically. It has been tried to come to the conclusion that the nature of the quartz samples for the study of cosmogenic radionuclides almost looks alike and their graphs for the ratio of radio isotopes to the stable isotope and the average age of the sample by the dating through various isotopes are similar.
{"title":"Study of Cosmogenic Radionuclides Formed By Cosmic Ray Spallations in Quartz Samples","authors":"Ashok Kumar, R. Sinha, S. Bera","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903020103","url":null,"abstract":"The present research work aims to analyze the cosmogenic radionuclide like Be, C, Cl, Ca etc obtained in various previous research formed by cosmic ray spallations in quartz samples theoretically. It has been tried to come to the conclusion that the nature of the quartz samples for the study of cosmogenic radionuclides almost looks alike and their graphs for the ratio of radio isotopes to the stable isotope and the average age of the sample by the dating through various isotopes are similar.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the electronic and optical properties of corrugated and non-corrugated (311) (GaAs)/(AlAs) superlattices using the tight-binding method. These systems grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (311) GaAs oriented substrates. We present the valence and conduction band dispersion relations (band structures) for the corrugated (311) (GaAs)16/(AlAs)16 superlattice. We have studied the probability densities of the lowest conduction band and highest valence band interband transition probabilities of the non-corrugated (311) (GaAs)8/(AlAs)8 superlattice and the corrugated (311) (GaAs)16/(AlAs)16 superlattice. We have also computed the interband transition probabilities for these systems. We found that the anisotropy rate of the interband transitions for the corrugated superlattice is larger than for the non-corrugated superlattice one. We concluded that whatever the type of superlattice studied here, the optical anisotropy is reduced when the light polarization pass from the [-2,3,3] direction to [0,-1,1] direction for the transitions from the heavy-hole-like states. The opposite situation occurs for the transition from the light-hole and split-off-like states.
{"title":"Comparaison of the Optical Anisotropy of Corrugated and NonCorrugated (311) Superlattices","authors":"A. Hallaoui, H. Essaoudi, A. Essahlaoui","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903018291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903018291","url":null,"abstract":"We report the electronic and optical properties of corrugated and non-corrugated (311) (GaAs)/(AlAs) superlattices using the tight-binding method. These systems grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (311) GaAs oriented substrates. We present the valence and conduction band dispersion relations (band structures) for the corrugated (311) (GaAs)16/(AlAs)16 superlattice. We have studied the probability densities of the lowest conduction band and highest valence band interband transition probabilities of the non-corrugated (311) (GaAs)8/(AlAs)8 superlattice and the corrugated (311) (GaAs)16/(AlAs)16 superlattice. We have also computed the interband transition probabilities for these systems. We found that the anisotropy rate of the interband transitions for the corrugated superlattice is larger than for the non-corrugated superlattice one. We concluded that whatever the type of superlattice studied here, the optical anisotropy is reduced when the light polarization pass from the [-2,3,3] direction to [0,-1,1] direction for the transitions from the heavy-hole-like states. The opposite situation occurs for the transition from the light-hole and split-off-like states.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study attempts to expand the Theory of the Electromagnetic Field to a more general Theory of the Field that also includes the gravitational field. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom which states that the even movement of a vector E leads to movement in a closed loop (div rot E = 0). The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the uneven movement of a vector E leads to an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open uneven vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0). The derived 2 axioms and 10 laws lead to the following results: even movement is replaced with uneven movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop; movement in 2D leads to movement in 3D; during their movement decelerating vortices emit elementary vortices, while accelerating vortices suck in elementary vortices; a cross vortex generates a longitudinal vortex through special transformation and vice versaa longitudinal vortex through another special transformation generates a cross vortex .
{"title":"Extended Field Theory. New axioms, Laws and consequences.","authors":"V. Markova","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903015966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903015966","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to expand the Theory of the Electromagnetic Field to a more general Theory of the Field that also includes the gravitational field. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom which states that the even movement of a vector E leads to movement in a closed loop (div rot E = 0). The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the uneven movement of a vector E leads to an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open uneven vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0). The derived 2 axioms and 10 laws lead to the following results: even movement is replaced with uneven movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop; movement in 2D leads to movement in 3D; during their movement decelerating vortices emit elementary vortices, while accelerating vortices suck in elementary vortices; a cross vortex generates a longitudinal vortex through special transformation and vice versaa longitudinal vortex through another special transformation generates a cross vortex .","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"155 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78595042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Y. .. A. Alrhman, Abdulaziz B. M. Hamed, M. Tagabo
In this study, we concluded the Lagrangian Dynamics on standard 10Kahler, being a model. Finally introduce, some geometrical and physical results on the related mechanic systems have been discussed. Key word: configuration manifold, Lagrangian function, 10-Kahler ManifoldsLagrangian mechanics.
{"title":"New form Lagrangian Dynamics on the standard 10- Kahler Manifolds","authors":"I. Y. .. A. Alrhman, Abdulaziz B. M. Hamed, M. Tagabo","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903021731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903021731","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we concluded the Lagrangian Dynamics on standard 10Kahler, being a model. Finally introduce, some geometrical and physical results on the related mechanic systems have been discussed. Key word: configuration manifold, Lagrangian function, 10-Kahler ManifoldsLagrangian mechanics.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":"17-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74933053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a system at absolute zero temperature, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a quantum phase transition (QPT) in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. This paper presents a detailed and quantitative study of the magnetic properties of Ising two-spin system at zero temperature in the presence of longitudinal, transverse and mixed fields, and also at finite temperatures. At the critical longitudinal magnetic field, the system is found to undergo a QPT to a ferromagnetic state. For this system, an infinitesimal departure from zero transverse field is found to trigger off QPT and also remove the degeneracies that persisted even in the presence of longitudinal field. These quantum fluctuations, leading to QPT are more evident in the mixed field than the separate effect of longitudinal and transverse fields. The observed quantum effects at zero temperature for this system are found to be completely wiped out at finite temperatures due to thermal fluctuations. A temperature increase favours antiferromagnetic alignment of spins, while a decrease in temperature favours ferromagnetic alignment.
{"title":"Quantum and Thermal Fluctuations in the Ising Chains: A Case Study of Spin-Two System","authors":"S. Ehika, O. Ataman, S. Iyayi","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903023242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903023242","url":null,"abstract":"For a system at absolute zero temperature, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a quantum phase transition (QPT) in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. This paper presents a detailed and quantitative study of the magnetic properties of Ising two-spin system at zero temperature in the presence of longitudinal, transverse and mixed fields, and also at finite temperatures. At the critical longitudinal magnetic field, the system is found to undergo a QPT to a ferromagnetic state. For this system, an infinitesimal departure from zero transverse field is found to trigger off QPT and also remove the degeneracies that persisted even in the presence of longitudinal field. These quantum fluctuations, leading to QPT are more evident in the mixed field than the separate effect of longitudinal and transverse fields. The observed quantum effects at zero temperature for this system are found to be completely wiped out at finite temperatures due to thermal fluctuations. A temperature increase favours antiferromagnetic alignment of spins, while a decrease in temperature favours ferromagnetic alignment.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"160 1","pages":"32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrophobic silica aerogel have been prepared through two step acid-base catalysis recipe, via ambient pressure drying method. tetraethylorthosilicate was used as precursor, and trimethylchlorosilan as surface modifier. Three adopted molar concentrations of Chromium chloride are used; 0.019, 0.032, 0.051 [M]. In this paper, the molar ratio of chemicals; precursor, alcohol and catalyst, was kept constant at (1:8.6:0.23) respectively. The hydrophobic property was obtained by socking the final gel in trimethylchlorosilan -hexane solution at 6 wt. % of modifiers in hexane. The physical properties of the prepared aerogel samples; optical, structural and morphological were examined through UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR spectra, X ray diffraction, contact angle measurement and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that, the doping process offers an enhancement of the aerogel hydrophobic property. As well as, the doped aerogel being of lower density, relatively have smaller particle size and of more homogenous surface.
{"title":"Study the Effect of Doping with Chromium Chloride on Silica Aerogel Properties Prepared with Ambient Pressure","authors":"Israa F. Al-Sharueez, W. A. Twej","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903012832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903012832","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrophobic silica aerogel have been prepared through two step acid-base catalysis recipe, via ambient pressure drying method. tetraethylorthosilicate was used as precursor, and trimethylchlorosilan as surface modifier. Three adopted molar concentrations of Chromium chloride are used; 0.019, 0.032, 0.051 [M]. In this paper, the molar ratio of chemicals; precursor, alcohol and catalyst, was kept constant at (1:8.6:0.23) respectively. The hydrophobic property was obtained by socking the final gel in trimethylchlorosilan -hexane solution at 6 wt. % of modifiers in hexane. The physical properties of the prepared aerogel samples; optical, structural and morphological were examined through UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR spectra, X ray diffraction, contact angle measurement and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that, the doping process offers an enhancement of the aerogel hydrophobic property. As well as, the doped aerogel being of lower density, relatively have smaller particle size and of more homogenous surface.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88905218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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