Solution method was adopted to grow single crystals of gamma glycine from the aqueous solution of zinc chloride (GGZC). The harvested crystals were observed to be colourless, transparent and non-hygroscopic. The solubility studies were carried out by gravimetrical method at different temperatures and nucleation kinetic studies were done on the sample to understand the nucleation phenomena. The grown crystals were characterized by various studies like XRD studies, optical studies, dielectric studies, microhardness studies, LDT studies, SHG studies and measurement of density etc and the obtained results were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the grown GGZC crystal emits green laser light when the infrared laser light from Nd:YAG laser is passed onto the crystal. The grown GGZC crystal is found to be transparent in the visible region and it has high optical band gap.
{"title":"Studies Of Gamma Glycine Crystlas Grown In The Aqueous Solution Of Zinc Chloride","authors":"S. Gracelin, C. Krishnan, P. Selvarajan","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1117200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1117200","url":null,"abstract":"Solution method was adopted to grow single crystals of gamma glycine from the aqueous solution of zinc chloride (GGZC). The harvested crystals were observed to be colourless, transparent and non-hygroscopic. The solubility studies were carried out by gravimetrical method at different temperatures and nucleation kinetic studies were done on the sample to understand the nucleation phenomena. The grown crystals were characterized by various studies like XRD studies, optical studies, dielectric studies, microhardness studies, LDT studies, SHG studies and measurement of density etc and the obtained results were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the grown GGZC crystal emits green laser light when the infrared laser light from Nd:YAG laser is passed onto the crystal. The grown GGZC crystal is found to be transparent in the visible region and it has high optical band gap.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"115 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of this molecules have been recorded in various solvents. Thermodynamic parameters such as total energy, zero-point energy, rotational constants dipole moment, thermal energy, specific heat and entropy of 5-Fluoro-1, 3-Dimethyl Uracil are calculated. The plots of thermodynamic parameters have been given in following paper.
{"title":"Electronic spectral studies and thermodynamic parameters of 5- Fluoro -1, 3- Dimethyl Uracil","authors":"L. Kumar, J. Chaudhary","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903038284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903038284","url":null,"abstract":"The ultraviolet absorption spectra of this molecules have been recorded in various solvents. Thermodynamic parameters such as total energy, zero-point energy, rotational constants dipole moment, thermal energy, specific heat and entropy of 5-Fluoro-1, 3-Dimethyl Uracil are calculated. The plots of thermodynamic parameters have been given in following paper.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73558472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advances in Silicon technology have driven the MOSFET device fabrication towards submicron regime. Despite all these advances in technology special effects come into play such as velocity overshoot, short channel effects and Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL). For MOSFET with large geometry, they experience a number of effects ranging from low clock frequencies due to high input capacitance, high threshold voltage hence high power consumption and lower trans-conductance. As the dimensions are scaled down, the drain current increases, evidence that sub-micron devices have better performance as compared to un-scaled devices. It can also be noted that there is a strong correlation between device dimensions and device performance. Also from transfer curves the output drain current decreases with increase in the drain voltage but it was further established from the transfer curves that the trans-conductance of the device increases with scaling at a constant voltage. This shows that sub-micron device has better performance as compared to unscaled device.
{"title":"Silicon Heterostructures as High Performance Field Effect Transistor","authors":"G. Yegon","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904015459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904015459","url":null,"abstract":"The advances in Silicon technology have driven the MOSFET device fabrication towards submicron regime. Despite all these advances in technology special effects come into play such as velocity overshoot, short channel effects and Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL). For MOSFET with large geometry, they experience a number of effects ranging from low clock frequencies due to high input capacitance, high threshold voltage hence high power consumption and lower trans-conductance. As the dimensions are scaled down, the drain current increases, evidence that sub-micron devices have better performance as compared to un-scaled devices. It can also be noted that there is a strong correlation between device dimensions and device performance. Also from transfer curves the output drain current decreases with increase in the drain voltage but it was further established from the transfer curves that the trans-conductance of the device increases with scaling at a constant voltage. This shows that sub-micron device has better performance as compared to unscaled device.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"155 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78579546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spectral characterization of 2,5Dichloro aniline (2,5 DCA) were carried out by using FT-IR, FT-Raman, the NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The simulated vibrational spectra of the molecule are compared with the experimental spectra. The structural optimization has been performed on the title molecule using HF and density functional theory (DFT) with basis sets 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p). The optimized bond parameters of 2,5 DCA were compared with the experimental data of related molecule. Using Veda program, the vibrational wave number assignments were made on the basis of total energy distribution (TED) calculations. To study the intra-molecular charge transfers within the molecule, the Lewis (bonding) and Non-Lewis (anti-bonding) calculation was performed. The orbital gap of the molecule was determined from HOMO and LUMO calculations. The Non-linear optical properties of the molecule were studied using first hyperpolarizability calculation. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), chemical descriptors and thermo dynamical properties of the molecule have also been calculated and analysed. In addition, the Mulliken atomic charges and the 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shift values of 2,5 DCA was calculated. Also the local reactivity of the molecule was studied using the Fukui function.
{"title":"Spectroscopic Investigation (FT-IR, FT-RAMAN, UV and NMR), NBO, NLO Analysis and Fukui Function of 2, 5-Dichloroaniline by DFT Calculations","authors":"G. Shakila, Dr.H. Saleem","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904024258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904024258","url":null,"abstract":"The spectral characterization of 2,5Dichloro aniline (2,5 DCA) were carried out by using FT-IR, FT-Raman, the NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The simulated vibrational spectra of the molecule are compared with the experimental spectra. The structural optimization has been performed on the title molecule using HF and density functional theory (DFT) with basis sets 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p). The optimized bond parameters of 2,5 DCA were compared with the experimental data of related molecule. Using Veda program, the vibrational wave number assignments were made on the basis of total energy distribution (TED) calculations. To study the intra-molecular charge transfers within the molecule, the Lewis (bonding) and Non-Lewis (anti-bonding) calculation was performed. The orbital gap of the molecule was determined from HOMO and LUMO calculations. The Non-linear optical properties of the molecule were studied using first hyperpolarizability calculation. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), chemical descriptors and thermo dynamical properties of the molecule have also been calculated and analysed. In addition, the Mulliken atomic charges and the 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shift values of 2,5 DCA was calculated. Also the local reactivity of the molecule was studied using the Fukui function.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":"42-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89929317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical, Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc SelenideSemiconductor Nano Films Deposited by Electrodeposition Technique.","authors":"Igwebuike, H. N, O. D. N.","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903034044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903034044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89679816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. N. Vaidyanath, K. G. Ashamanjari, M. Mylarappa, M. Ramu, K. Mahesh, S. Prashantha, H. P. Nagaswarupa, N. Raghavendra
The main objective of the present study was to synthesis the different immobilization of Sr+2 in LiSr2(PO4)3crystals using soft hydrothermal method at moderate pressure and temperature conditions.The powder X-ray diffraction confirms that, the synthesized LiSr2(PO4)3material has very good phase purity and crystalline with rhombohedralstructure.The energy-disperse X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic analysis shows their elemental composition correlating well with that of the strontium.Observation through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that microstructures of good quality and exhibited smooth surface, sub transparent and sub vitreous lustre. The FTIR studies was used to determine whether the bond structures were affected from the doping or not and revealed that the presence of O-H molecules and minute structural variations of synthesized materials.The TGA graph, temperature vs. weight % loss decreases with increasing the temperature showsLithium strontium phosphateas thermally stable so it is used as some optoelectronic device applications.The electrical conductivity of LiSr2(PO4)3was investigated as a function of the nature of the transition-metal cation. Impedancemeasurementshow that the materials have relatively good ionic conductance.
{"title":"Comparative study of different immobilization of strontium inLiSr2(PO4)3 crystal through hydrothermal process","authors":"Y. N. Vaidyanath, K. G. Ashamanjari, M. Mylarappa, M. Ramu, K. Mahesh, S. Prashantha, H. P. Nagaswarupa, N. Raghavendra","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904011319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904011319","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study was to synthesis the different immobilization of Sr+2 in LiSr2(PO4)3crystals using soft hydrothermal method at moderate pressure and temperature conditions.The powder X-ray diffraction confirms that, the synthesized LiSr2(PO4)3material has very good phase purity and crystalline with rhombohedralstructure.The energy-disperse X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic analysis shows their elemental composition correlating well with that of the strontium.Observation through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that microstructures of good quality and exhibited smooth surface, sub transparent and sub vitreous lustre. The FTIR studies was used to determine whether the bond structures were affected from the doping or not and revealed that the presence of O-H molecules and minute structural variations of synthesized materials.The TGA graph, temperature vs. weight % loss decreases with increasing the temperature showsLithium strontium phosphateas thermally stable so it is used as some optoelectronic device applications.The electrical conductivity of LiSr2(PO4)3was investigated as a function of the nature of the transition-metal cation. Impedancemeasurementshow that the materials have relatively good ionic conductance.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"170 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73320366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. K. Sondhiya, S. K. Kasde, Dishansh Raj Upwar, A. Gwal
The automatic identification of VLF whistler transients is an important practical goal for ionospheric and magnetospheric science because they give useful information regarding propagating medium particularly of the plasmasphere. We have developed a neural network based system to identify four types of whistlers (i.e diffuse, dispersive, multipath and spicky) recorded by DEMETER (Detection of electromagnetic emission form earthquake region) satellite. Wavelet transform is applied to extract the characteristics features of whistlers which are used to train the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The data required to train the network were collected from two year (2008-2010) observations of DEMETER satellite. The results show that the proposed FFNN can accurately identify the whistler transients.
{"title":"Identification of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Whistlers transients using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN)","authors":"D. K. Sondhiya, S. K. Kasde, Dishansh Raj Upwar, A. Gwal","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904012329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904012329","url":null,"abstract":"The automatic identification of VLF whistler transients is an important practical goal for ionospheric and magnetospheric science because they give useful information regarding propagating medium particularly of the plasmasphere. We have developed a neural network based system to identify four types of whistlers (i.e diffuse, dispersive, multipath and spicky) recorded by DEMETER (Detection of electromagnetic emission form earthquake region) satellite. Wavelet transform is applied to extract the characteristics features of whistlers which are used to train the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The data required to train the network were collected from two year (2008-2010) observations of DEMETER satellite. The results show that the proposed FFNN can accurately identify the whistler transients.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84699407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solubility of silver iodide (AgI) in water, dimethyl formamide (DMF), KI + Water, and KI + DMF were measured using an analytical gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from (298.15 to 315.15) K. The densities of the saturated solutions are also reported. The results are interpreted in the form of enthalpy change ∆H.
{"title":"Solubility and Density of Silver Iodide in Water and DMF at Various Temperatures as Function of Potassium Iodide.","authors":"U. Shinde, H. Aher, T. B. Pawar","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904016467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904016467","url":null,"abstract":"The solubility of silver iodide (AgI) in water, dimethyl formamide (DMF), KI + Water, and KI + DMF were measured using an analytical gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from (298.15 to 315.15) K. The densities of the saturated solutions are also reported. The results are interpreted in the form of enthalpy change ∆H.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"255 1","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73388562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication reports the direct measurement of Solar-induced canopy reflectance, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence, Chlorophyll luminescence, canopy Moisture and Canopy Temperature of Manihot esculenta using a multispectral radiometer. The stakes chosen from old Manihot esculenta (8-12 months old) was planted, using standard procedures, on well-drained fertile sandy soil, vertically by pushing lower part of the stakes of about 5cm depth into the ridges. The physiological parameters were measured from germination stage to foliage stage. The result showed that there was low absorption of radiation by chlorophyll pigment, low photosynthesis activity, and carbon dioxide uptake at the germination stage as indicated by relatively high canopy spectral responses of the parameters. Photosynthesis activity was more intense at the foliage stage.
{"title":"Infrared Remote Sensing of Solar-induced Physiological Parameters of Manihot esculenta Canopy","authors":"Taiwo Adekolawole","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904010112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904010112","url":null,"abstract":"This communication reports the direct measurement of Solar-induced canopy reflectance, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence, Chlorophyll luminescence, canopy Moisture and Canopy Temperature of Manihot esculenta using a multispectral radiometer. The stakes chosen from old Manihot esculenta (8-12 months old) was planted, using standard procedures, on well-drained fertile sandy soil, vertically by pushing lower part of the stakes of about 5cm depth into the ridges. The physiological parameters were measured from germination stage to foliage stage. The result showed that there was low absorption of radiation by chlorophyll pigment, low photosynthesis activity, and carbon dioxide uptake at the germination stage as indicated by relatively high canopy spectral responses of the parameters. Photosynthesis activity was more intense at the foliage stage.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":"01-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81379839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Ravichandran, G. Lakshiminarayanan, D. Gopinath, S. Arumugam
Gallstone formation is the primary underlying disease that results in gall bladder illness. Gallstone formation in the gall bladder is a common disease and constitutes a major health problem in the world wide. Cholesterol gallstones, pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones are formed in gallbladder. The aim of the study is to determine the constituents and their compositions of gallstones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study reveals that cholesterol stones and mixed stones type of gallstones were predominant whereas pigment stones were less frequent in the selected region.
{"title":"Characterisation of Gallstones Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"G. Ravichandran, G. Lakshiminarayanan, D. Gopinath, S. Arumugam","doi":"10.9790/4861-0904021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0904021018","url":null,"abstract":"Gallstone formation is the primary underlying disease that results in gall bladder illness. Gallstone formation in the gall bladder is a common disease and constitutes a major health problem in the world wide. Cholesterol gallstones, pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones are formed in gallbladder. The aim of the study is to determine the constituents and their compositions of gallstones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study reveals that cholesterol stones and mixed stones type of gallstones were predominant whereas pigment stones were less frequent in the selected region.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91074116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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