In this unique experiment, where dust is produced in a sub-atmospheric pressure plasma formed between two parallel plate electrodes using a bipolar pulsed dc power supply as the source of power for plasma production, dust disappearance for few seconds is experimented. The plasma forming gas is a mixture of argon and acetylene. The plasma phase chemical reactions help in the formation of sub-micron dust particles that grow in size between two parallel electrodes. Using another single negative pulse, placed in between two electrodes, applied to another electrode, the dust particles can be disappeared for significant duration from the dusty plasma zone. The applied single pulse voltage is varied between 50-250 V. On the application of the pulse, in its initial phase, the dusty plasma gets disturbed and for some duration (~ few seconds) there is no light scattering observed, indicating that the dust is disappeared from the region between the electrodes. Later the plasma formation again reappears and similar structured dusty cloud is formed. The results are important as it gives an idea how to displace some unwanted dusts from our required region to another region.
{"title":"Disappearance and Reappearance of Dust Particles in Cogenerated Dusty Plasma","authors":"Malay Mondal, S. Sarkar, S. Mukherjee, M. Bose","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903030104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903030104","url":null,"abstract":"In this unique experiment, where dust is produced in a sub-atmospheric pressure plasma formed between two parallel plate electrodes using a bipolar pulsed dc power supply as the source of power for plasma production, dust disappearance for few seconds is experimented. The plasma forming gas is a mixture of argon and acetylene. The plasma phase chemical reactions help in the formation of sub-micron dust particles that grow in size between two parallel electrodes. Using another single negative pulse, placed in between two electrodes, applied to another electrode, the dust particles can be disappeared for significant duration from the dusty plasma zone. The applied single pulse voltage is varied between 50-250 V. On the application of the pulse, in its initial phase, the dusty plasma gets disturbed and for some duration (~ few seconds) there is no light scattering observed, indicating that the dust is disappeared from the region between the electrodes. Later the plasma formation again reappears and similar structured dusty cloud is formed. The results are important as it gives an idea how to displace some unwanted dusts from our required region to another region.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":"01-04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90366257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.9790/4861-090301125133
M. Aly, H. Negm, S. A. Fouad
Background: The quality assurance of 3D treatment planning system (TPS)will be investigated by different things such as beam configuration, dose calculation and plane evaluation which uses dose volume histogram analyzes. Material and method: the study was performed by XIO TPS (version 4.3.3) available at South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI). This TPS employs two different 3D algorithms (Clarkson (CLK) and Fast Fourier Transform Convolution (CON)). Relative dose calculation (RDC) in terms of percentage depth dose (PDD) and off axis beam profiles (OAR) and absolute dosecalculation (ADC) in terms of dose and output factor were used and compared with the measured one using ionization chambers with water or solid phantoms in medical linear accelerator linac (Siemens Mevatron MD2).Two photon energies 6MV and 15MV were studied using field sizes of 10×10cm2 and 25×25cm2 for open field. Results: The OAR and PDD are divided into regions each of these having a tolerance limit of the accuracy acceptable. The large point of deviation appeared in field size 25×25cm2 at energy 15MV in outer regionδ4 of OAR. This region recorded the largest deviation than the others regions. In PDD curves haven’t any deviation.Larger deviations were observed with CLK algorithm compared to CON algorithm. 20 points out of criteria were observed in the RDC of a large field size 25×25cm2, while 16 points were out of criteria in the field size 10×10cm2. Conclusion: This work presents a feasibility and performance of quality assurance tasks the TPS for external
{"title":"Quality Assurance of Three Dimensional Treatment Planning System For External Photon Beam Radiotherapy","authors":"M. Aly, H. Negm, S. A. Fouad","doi":"10.9790/4861-090301125133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-090301125133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality assurance of 3D treatment planning system (TPS)will be investigated by different things such as beam configuration, dose calculation and plane evaluation which uses dose volume histogram analyzes. Material and method: the study was performed by XIO TPS (version 4.3.3) available at South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI). This TPS employs two different 3D algorithms (Clarkson (CLK) and Fast Fourier Transform Convolution (CON)). Relative dose calculation (RDC) in terms of percentage depth dose (PDD) and off axis beam profiles (OAR) and absolute dosecalculation (ADC) in terms of dose and output factor were used and compared with the measured one using ionization chambers with water or solid phantoms in medical linear accelerator linac (Siemens Mevatron MD2).Two photon energies 6MV and 15MV were studied using field sizes of 10×10cm2 and 25×25cm2 for open field. Results: The OAR and PDD are divided into regions each of these having a tolerance limit of the accuracy acceptable. The large point of deviation appeared in field size 25×25cm2 at energy 15MV in outer regionδ4 of OAR. This region recorded the largest deviation than the others regions. In PDD curves haven’t any deviation.Larger deviations were observed with CLK algorithm compared to CON algorithm. 20 points out of criteria were observed in the RDC of a large field size 25×25cm2, while 16 points were out of criteria in the field size 10×10cm2. Conclusion: This work presents a feasibility and performance of quality assurance tasks the TPS for external","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88471587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manoj Verma, Boazbou Newmai, Abhitosh kedia, P. Kumar
Modulating optical resonances in plasmonic resonators were easily achieved by virtue of their constituent composition, size as well as shape. Such confinement of electric field in the nano-regime enhances extra-ordinarily the light-matter interaction, further enabling wide range of applications in nanophotonics, SERS etc. Herein, we compare and contrast the surface plasmon modes of Au nanospheres and nanostellates, the visibly distinct morphologies of which not only correlates exceptionally well with their structure-property functional relationships, but also articulate their respective growth mechanisms in a rather meticulous manner. Higher amplification of analyte Raman signals visibly demonstrates the increased number of hot-spots with reference to their surface morphology and roughness.
{"title":"Pertinent Shape Effects of Gold Nanospheres and Nanostellates","authors":"Manoj Verma, Boazbou Newmai, Abhitosh kedia, P. Kumar","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903032126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903032126","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating optical resonances in plasmonic resonators were easily achieved by virtue of their constituent composition, size as well as shape. Such confinement of electric field in the nano-regime enhances extra-ordinarily the light-matter interaction, further enabling wide range of applications in nanophotonics, SERS etc. Herein, we compare and contrast the surface plasmon modes of Au nanospheres and nanostellates, the visibly distinct morphologies of which not only correlates exceptionally well with their structure-property functional relationships, but also articulate their respective growth mechanisms in a rather meticulous manner. Higher amplification of analyte Raman signals visibly demonstrates the increased number of hot-spots with reference to their surface morphology and roughness.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76872214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.9790/4861-09030297102
J. P. Pandey, U. K. Pandey
Photonic crystal heterostructures form a natural extension to the analogy between semiconductors and photonic crystals-an analogy which substantially motivated research in photonic band-gap materials. Semiconductor heterostructures are made by combining at least two materials that have distinct band structures. In this paper, a heterostructure is proposed which is a combination of a Fibonacci quasi-periodic structure and a periodic structure. The combined structure has a large omnidirectional reflection range. The condition is that the omnidirectional reflection range of the two sub structures should be adjacent to each other.
{"title":"Enlargement of bandgap in 1-D photonic crystal heterostructures","authors":"J. P. Pandey, U. K. Pandey","doi":"10.9790/4861-09030297102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-09030297102","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystal heterostructures form a natural extension to the analogy between semiconductors and photonic crystals-an analogy which substantially motivated research in photonic band-gap materials. Semiconductor heterostructures are made by combining at least two materials that have distinct band structures. In this paper, a heterostructure is proposed which is a combination of a Fibonacci quasi-periodic structure and a periodic structure. The combined structure has a large omnidirectional reflection range. The condition is that the omnidirectional reflection range of the two sub structures should be adjacent to each other.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78574498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) is a very well known material for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and gold nanoparticle are versatile material for a broad range of applications with well characterized electronic and physical properties. In this work, we developed gold nanoparticle doped PVDF nanofiber based nanogenerators which are concurrently harvest light and mechanical energy into electrical energy. Here nanofiber has been made by electrospinning process. Characterization of fiber has been done by FE – SEM instrument , UV – VIS spectroscopy instrument and FTIR instrument. Beside this, characterization of film (Casted at 120 0 c) has also been done . For nanogenerator preparation ITO coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silver fabric were used as electrodes. Finally polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used for coating these nanogenerators. Electrical output data have taken in different combination of light and mechanical energy and calculated the damping ratio of these nanogenerators (before PDMS coating) in cantilever geometry. In future GO, RGO or Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into this nanofiber based nanogenerator for improvement of better optical ,electrical and/or electronic properties.
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticle Doped PVDF Nanofiber Preparation of Concurrently Harvesting Light and Mechanical Energy","authors":"Binoy Bera, M. Sarkar","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903030512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903030512","url":null,"abstract":"PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) is a very well known material for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and gold nanoparticle are versatile material for a broad range of applications with well characterized electronic and physical properties. In this work, we developed gold nanoparticle doped PVDF nanofiber based nanogenerators which are concurrently harvest light and mechanical energy into electrical energy. Here nanofiber has been made by electrospinning process. Characterization of fiber has been done by FE – SEM instrument , UV – VIS spectroscopy instrument and FTIR instrument. Beside this, characterization of film (Casted at 120 0 c) has also been done . For nanogenerator preparation ITO coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silver fabric were used as electrodes. Finally polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used for coating these nanogenerators. Electrical output data have taken in different combination of light and mechanical energy and calculated the damping ratio of these nanogenerators (before PDMS coating) in cantilever geometry. In future GO, RGO or Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into this nanofiber based nanogenerator for improvement of better optical ,electrical and/or electronic properties.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"72 1","pages":"05-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80018923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flood is natural phenomenon which brings damage to properties, infrastructures, animals, plants and human lives. Issue of flood involves the emergency response of services related to evacuation relief center and health center facility.GIS and Remote sensing helps to identify suitable relief centers, road network availability and evacuation planning. (The Role of GIS in Emergency Planning, 2011).Evacuation planning is useful at time of disaster for movement of people to a safer location and their return. For evacuation planning shelters are identify from existing schools, colleges. Shelters are not located in normal flood area .Road network is available between relief center and flood area All this information and decision making is done with help of GIS (National Disaster Management Guidelines Management of Floods, January 2008).In this research paper as a case study evacuation planning for villages of Olpad Taluka of Surat are studied. These villages are highly vulnerable for flooding due to flood in Tapi river.Evacution of people from flooded area to high elevation safe location is necessary. In this research based on resources available, elevation of village area, population density of area are studied. Suitable available shelter is identified which contains necessary facility for hospital, food, rail and road network. These locations are identified and digitized in QGIS software complete evacuation plan is discuss in this paper.
{"title":"Application of GIS and RS for Flood Evacuation Planning: Olpad Taluka (Surat) Case Study","authors":"D. K. Mathur","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903025761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903025761","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is natural phenomenon which brings damage to properties, infrastructures, animals, plants and human lives. Issue of flood involves the emergency response of services related to evacuation relief center and health center facility.GIS and Remote sensing helps to identify suitable relief centers, road network availability and evacuation planning. (The Role of GIS in Emergency Planning, 2011).Evacuation planning is useful at time of disaster for movement of people to a safer location and their return. For evacuation planning shelters are identify from existing schools, colleges. Shelters are not located in normal flood area .Road network is available between relief center and flood area All this information and decision making is done with help of GIS (National Disaster Management Guidelines Management of Floods, January 2008).In this research paper as a case study evacuation planning for villages of Olpad Taluka of Surat are studied. These villages are highly vulnerable for flooding due to flood in Tapi river.Evacution of people from flooded area to high elevation safe location is necessary. In this research based on resources available, elevation of village area, population density of area are studied. Suitable available shelter is identified which contains necessary facility for hospital, food, rail and road network. These locations are identified and digitized in QGIS software complete evacuation plan is discuss in this paper.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"85 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80192111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of compositional variations on the thermal properties viz: glasses transition temperature, mean bond energy and thermal relaxation with the variation in Ge content, has been studied theoretically for Ge-Se-In glassy chalcogenides. In the present work we have analyzed the thermal properties relatives to the given composition with theoretical predictions.
本文从理论上研究了Ge- se - in玻璃硫系化合物的组分变化对其玻璃化转变温度、平均键能和热弛豫等热性能的影响。在本工作中，我们用理论预测分析了与给定组分有关的热性能。
{"title":"Compositional effects on the thermo dynamical properties of Ge40-xSe60Inx Chalcogenide Glasses","authors":"A. Prasad, A. Saxena, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903028184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903028184","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of compositional variations on the thermal properties viz: glasses transition temperature, mean bond energy and thermal relaxation with the variation in Ge content, has been studied theoretically for Ge-Se-In glassy chalcogenides. In the present work we have analyzed the thermal properties relatives to the given composition with theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82945558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper reviews the concepts of source and quantum action principle used to produce the phonon Green’s function appropriate for an initial phonon vacuum state.
本文综述了声子初始真空态所需的声子格林函数的源概念和量子作用原理。
{"title":"Phonon Green’s Function; a Quanta Approaches","authors":"Saurabh Kumar, K. Kumar","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903024751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903024751","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reviews the concepts of source and quantum action principle used to produce the phonon Green’s function appropriate for an initial phonon vacuum state.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"181 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77499043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An nonlinear optical unidirectionnel <101> single Crystal of Praseodymium doped potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) was grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method. The <101> oriented seed Crystal were mounted at the bottom of the glass ampoules and the Crystal of 16 mm diameter, 150 mm length were grown by SR method. The unit cell parameters were confirmed by single Crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and it belongs to Tetragonal system with a space group of I42d. The laser damage threshold (LDT) was measured using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064nm) and was found to be 5.546 Gwcm -2 respectively. Its thermal stability has been studied using Vickers Microhardness tester and it exhibit higher hardness value. Chemical etching represent the distribution of structural defects in grown crystal. The presence of functional groups was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The surface morphology and dislocations along <101> plane was observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM).
{"title":"Investigation of SR method grown directed Praseodymium doped KDP crystal and its Single crystal Xrd, LDT, thermal, mechanical, Etching, FTIR, SEM & TEM analysis","authors":"V. Roopa, R. Kumari","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903033239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903033239","url":null,"abstract":"An nonlinear optical unidirectionnel <101> single Crystal of Praseodymium doped potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) was grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method. The <101> oriented seed Crystal were mounted at the bottom of the glass ampoules and the Crystal of 16 mm diameter, 150 mm length were grown by SR method. The unit cell parameters were confirmed by single Crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and it belongs to Tetragonal system with a space group of I42d. The laser damage threshold (LDT) was measured using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064nm) and was found to be 5.546 Gwcm -2 respectively. Its thermal stability has been studied using Vickers Microhardness tester and it exhibit higher hardness value. Chemical etching represent the distribution of structural defects in grown crystal. The presence of functional groups was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The surface morphology and dislocations along <101> plane was observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM).","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"09 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81571300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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