Ichthyophonus is a unicellular fish parasite with a range of hosts and therefore a lot of economic losses. In this study, Ichthyophonus infection was reported in diseased angelfish, Pterophyllum altum. Samples were provided from three angelfish referred to veterinary hospital and examined by routine methods. The fish were lethargic with mild symptoms of chronic disease. According to a spherical shape and globular morphology of agent (characteristic spores surrounded by a thick fibrous membrane seen in squash preparations made from heart and spleen) and further histopathology and culture results, agent was described as Ichthyophonus hoferi. The result showed two main phases in the life of infecting parasites, 'active' and 'passive', the passive form is prone to convert to active. As another result, white-cream cysts were seen in infected organs. The most obvious macroscopic symptom of ichthyophonosis in angelfish was the spots on the skin and nodules in the heart. Correspondence R Rahnama, Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran (e-mail: royarahnama60@yahoo.com). The cysts were filled with schizonts that were surrounded by fibroblasts, collagen fibers and many eosinophilic inflammatory cells. In the next step, tissue samples were also separated and incubated into Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) to see the germination of Ichthyophonus hoferi. This test was suggested for recognizing Ichthyophonus from Mycobacterial infections.
{"title":"First Report of Ichthyophoniasis in Angelfish, Pterophyllum altum, and Histopathology Study of Infected Fish","authors":"R. Rahnama, R. Peyghan","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ichthyophonus is a unicellular fish parasite with a range of hosts and therefore a lot of economic losses. In this study, Ichthyophonus infection was reported in diseased angelfish, Pterophyllum altum. Samples were provided from three angelfish referred to veterinary hospital and examined by routine methods. The fish were lethargic with mild symptoms of chronic disease. According to a spherical shape and globular morphology of agent (characteristic spores surrounded by a thick fibrous membrane seen in squash preparations made from heart and spleen) and further histopathology and culture results, agent was described as Ichthyophonus hoferi. The result showed two main phases in the life of infecting parasites, 'active' and 'passive', the passive form is prone to convert to active. As another result, white-cream cysts were seen in infected organs. The most obvious macroscopic symptom of ichthyophonosis in angelfish was the spots on the skin and nodules in the heart. Correspondence R Rahnama, Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran (e-mail: royarahnama60@yahoo.com). The cysts were filled with schizonts that were surrounded by fibroblasts, collagen fibers and many eosinophilic inflammatory cells. In the next step, tissue samples were also separated and incubated into Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) to see the germination of Ichthyophonus hoferi. This test was suggested for recognizing Ichthyophonus from Mycobacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72891854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Abidemi-Iromini, A. Bello-Olusoji, I. A. Adebayo
Status of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, an economic important fish of the Gulf of Guinea was investigated over 24 months in Lagos Lagoon to know the state of well-being of the fish; for fisheries management, public health and food security. Ecological tools employed to determine some hydrodynamic status. Water analysis: temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg l), conductivity (μЅcm), depth (m), turbidity (m), and salinity (%0) were determined. Fish with mean standard length 18.90 ± 1.35 (cm) and mean weight range (201.59 ± 38.29) (g) were randomly collected and separated into sexes. Condition factor and regression analysis determined. Some heavy metal concentrations (Lead, Iron, Zinc Copper, and Chromium) levels were determined in fish tissues. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) occurred in water parameters from normal range using ANOVA. Correspondence A. O Abidemi-Iromini, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria (email: attytej@gmail.com). Sex ratio indicated higher male to female (40:32) which is nature specific. Morphometric measurement indicated female samples revealed negative allometric, but better condition factor (K) (2.86); while male revealed positive allometric and lower condition factor (K) (0.44) which is sex, reproduction and food availability specific; as robustness indicate state of well-being of the fish. Heavy metal values revealed slight accumulations. Results connoted fish species is relatively safe and of public health value.
在拉各斯泻湖对几内亚湾一种重要的经济鱼类黑尾蝶鱼(Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus)的状况进行了为期24个月的调查，以了解该鱼的健康状况;渔业管理、公共卫生和粮食安全。用来确定某些水动力状态的生态学工具。水分析:测定温度(°C)、pH、溶解氧(mg l)、电导率(μЅcm)、深度(m)、浊度(m)和盐度(%0)。随机采集平均标准体长18.90±1.35 (cm)、平均体重(201.59±38.29)(g)的鱼，按性别分组。条件因素和回归分析确定。在鱼类组织中测定了一些重金属浓度(铅、铁、锌、铜和铬)水平。经方差分析，水参数与正常范围无显著差异(P≥0.05)。通信:A. O abidei - iromini，尼日利亚翁多州阿库雷联邦科技大学渔业和水产养殖技术系(电子邮件:attytej@gmail.com)。性别比显示出更高的男女比例(40:32)，这是自然界特有的。形态计量学测量结果显示，女性样品呈负异速生长，但条件因子K(2.86)较好;雄性呈阳性异速生长，与性别、繁殖和食物供应有关的条件因子(K)较低(0.44);因为健壮性表明鱼的健康状态。重金属值显示轻微累积。结果该鱼种相对安全，具有一定的公共卫生价值。
{"title":"Health assessment of Silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus): hydrodynamic and growth performance in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Abidemi-Iromini, A. Bello-Olusoji, I. A. Adebayo","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Status of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, an economic important fish of the Gulf of Guinea was investigated over 24 months in Lagos Lagoon to know the state of well-being of the fish; for fisheries management, public health and food security. Ecological tools employed to determine some hydrodynamic status. Water analysis: temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg l), conductivity (μЅcm), depth (m), turbidity (m), and salinity (%0) were determined. Fish with mean standard length 18.90 ± 1.35 (cm) and mean weight range (201.59 ± 38.29) (g) were randomly collected and separated into sexes. Condition factor and regression analysis determined. Some heavy metal concentrations (Lead, Iron, Zinc Copper, and Chromium) levels were determined in fish tissues. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) occurred in water parameters from normal range using ANOVA. Correspondence A. O Abidemi-Iromini, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria (email: attytej@gmail.com). Sex ratio indicated higher male to female (40:32) which is nature specific. Morphometric measurement indicated female samples revealed negative allometric, but better condition factor (K) (2.86); while male revealed positive allometric and lower condition factor (K) (0.44) which is sex, reproduction and food availability specific; as robustness indicate state of well-being of the fish. Heavy metal values revealed slight accumulations. Results connoted fish species is relatively safe and of public health value.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73096041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effects of three herbal dry extracts (Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita and Echinacea purpurea) were investigated on growth, hematological and immunological indices in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 400 juvenile fish with initial weight of 14.30 ± 0.77g were studied in 10 treatment groups (9 treatment groups & a control) with four replicates for 60 days. Three levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) of dry extracts of each herb were prepared according to standard method and added to the commercial common carp feed. At the end of period twelve fish collected out of each group and the parameters were measured. In order to the results, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and complement C4 were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) counts in 0.5 and 1%-diet groups as well as Hemoglobin in three levels of all herbs was increased (P≤0.05). Hematocrit in 0.5%, 1%diet M. piperita and E. purpurea groups was shown significant increases (P≤0.05). Correspondence S Alinezhad, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran (e-mail: soheilalinezhad47@gmail.com). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in all groups except 0.1% M. piperita group and 0.5% E. purpurea were increased compare with control group (P≤0.05). MCHC in 0.5% E. purpurea and 0.1 and 1% M. piperita groups showed the highest values. Levels of 0.5% M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea and A. millefolium make significantly increases in total leukocytes and neutrophils (P≤0.05). Significantly increases of lymphocytes and decrease of monocytes were observed in levels of 0.5% E. purpurea and 1% level of all herbs groups (P≤0.05). Increased levels of immunoglobulin compared to control were significant only in 1% level of all herbs (P≤0.05). Complement C3 was also increased 1% of A. millefolium and M. piperita groups compared to the control (P≤0.05). All levels of A. millefolium and M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea groups caused a significant increase in lysozyme concentration compare with the control (P≤0.05). The results indicated all three herb extracts in diet can improve immune responses and hematological parameters in common carp. Comparing these extracts, the M. piperita extract with a lower concentration is more efficient.
{"title":"Effects of diets containing dry extracts of Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita and Echinacea purpurea on growth, hematological and immunological indices in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"S. Alinezhad","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of three herbal dry extracts (Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita and Echinacea purpurea) were investigated on growth, hematological and immunological indices in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 400 juvenile fish with initial weight of 14.30 ± 0.77g were studied in 10 treatment groups (9 treatment groups & a control) with four replicates for 60 days. Three levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) of dry extracts of each herb were prepared according to standard method and added to the commercial common carp feed. At the end of period twelve fish collected out of each group and the parameters were measured. In order to the results, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and complement C4 were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) counts in 0.5 and 1%-diet groups as well as Hemoglobin in three levels of all herbs was increased (P≤0.05). Hematocrit in 0.5%, 1%diet M. piperita and E. purpurea groups was shown significant increases (P≤0.05). Correspondence S Alinezhad, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran (e-mail: soheilalinezhad47@gmail.com). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in all groups except 0.1% M. piperita group and 0.5% E. purpurea were increased compare with control group (P≤0.05). MCHC in 0.5% E. purpurea and 0.1 and 1% M. piperita groups showed the highest values. Levels of 0.5% M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea and A. millefolium make significantly increases in total leukocytes and neutrophils (P≤0.05). Significantly increases of lymphocytes and decrease of monocytes were observed in levels of 0.5% E. purpurea and 1% level of all herbs groups (P≤0.05). Increased levels of immunoglobulin compared to control were significant only in 1% level of all herbs (P≤0.05). Complement C3 was also increased 1% of A. millefolium and M. piperita groups compared to the control (P≤0.05). All levels of A. millefolium and M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea groups caused a significant increase in lysozyme concentration compare with the control (P≤0.05). The results indicated all three herb extracts in diet can improve immune responses and hematological parameters in common carp. Comparing these extracts, the M. piperita extract with a lower concentration is more efficient.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74902787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology is an innovative approach that its application has inspiring prospective for controlling and preventing diseases, extending shelf-life of food stuff, and other uses in biology, chemistry or industries. Nanoemulsions are products of a branch of nanotechnology comprising submicron emulsion that also refer to nanoemulsion (r < 100 nm) of which high energy as one of the nanoemulsion production method, includes rotary-stator mixers, high pressure homogenizer, microfluidization, ultrasound and membrane emulsion. Another one, low energy method is classified into isothermal and thermal. Isothermal method is, spontaneous emulsification, solvent displacement, and emulsion phase inversion. Also, from among the thermal methods it can be referred to the most important one of them which is the phase inversion temperature. In the following, the technics for recognition and diagnosis of nanoemulsion structures are discussed and these technics are generally divided into separation, physical properties determination, and imaging technics.
{"title":"Enhancement of food safety using nanoemulsion with emphasize on fish food: A Review","authors":"L. K. Lahijani, H. Ahari, A. Sharifan","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is an innovative approach that its application has inspiring prospective for controlling and preventing diseases, extending shelf-life of food stuff, and other uses in biology, chemistry or industries. Nanoemulsions are products of a branch of nanotechnology comprising submicron emulsion that also refer to nanoemulsion (r < 100 nm) of which high energy as one of the nanoemulsion production method, includes rotary-stator mixers, high pressure homogenizer, microfluidization, ultrasound and membrane emulsion. Another one, low energy method is classified into isothermal and thermal. Isothermal method is, spontaneous emulsification, solvent displacement, and emulsion phase inversion. Also, from among the thermal methods it can be referred to the most important one of them which is the phase inversion temperature. In the following, the technics for recognition and diagnosis of nanoemulsion structures are discussed and these technics are generally divided into separation, physical properties determination, and imaging technics.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"876 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zorriehzahra, S. Kakoolaki, M. Mehrabi, A. Sepahdari, M. Ghasemi, M. Yarmohammadi, M. Ghiasi
In the year 2017, Iran had fisheries production amounted to 1 million tons, of which the total aquaculture was about 300 thousand tons that 160 thousand tons of aquaculture was regarding Oncorhynchus mykiss. Increase of fish stocking density in the pond results in escalation of the number of nutrients, the stresses and incidence of diseases. Among these diseases viral diseases could be identified in the field of rearing ponds, such as Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN). Unlike other projects that sample is taken from fish tissues known as a sample, in this study each farm was selected as a research unit. Correspondence S Kakoolaki, Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: bsh443@gmail.com). According to the layout of the work based on different fields; the positive or negative result of the presence of the pathogens was recorded. However, aquatic samples were collected from Mazandaran province and Yasuj sites, located in north and southwest of Iran, respectively. Based on the results of Mazandaran area, it was revealed that the increase of bio-safety in the prebroodstock farms did not have a significant difference (p> 0.05) compared with the increase of immunity level or serum antibodies. This index was relatively equal in fish of other areas. Contrarily, in the pre-broodstock farms, the lysozyme value as a non-specific immunity index had a significant increase, which indicates that the upgrading of the bio-safety level can reduce stress and shift the energy directly to the production.
{"title":"Identification of some health indicators related to OIE notifiable viral diseases in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the strategic plan for producing Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock in Iran","authors":"M. Zorriehzahra, S. Kakoolaki, M. Mehrabi, A. Sepahdari, M. Ghasemi, M. Yarmohammadi, M. Ghiasi","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"In the year 2017, Iran had fisheries production amounted to 1 million tons, of which the total aquaculture was about 300 thousand tons that 160 thousand tons of aquaculture was regarding Oncorhynchus mykiss. Increase of fish stocking density in the pond results in escalation of the number of nutrients, the stresses and incidence of diseases. Among these diseases viral diseases could be identified in the field of rearing ponds, such as Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN). Unlike other projects that sample is taken from fish tissues known as a sample, in this study each farm was selected as a research unit. Correspondence S Kakoolaki, Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: bsh443@gmail.com). According to the layout of the work based on different fields; the positive or negative result of the presence of the pathogens was recorded. However, aquatic samples were collected from Mazandaran province and Yasuj sites, located in north and southwest of Iran, respectively. Based on the results of Mazandaran area, it was revealed that the increase of bio-safety in the prebroodstock farms did not have a significant difference (p> 0.05) compared with the increase of immunity level or serum antibodies. This index was relatively equal in fish of other areas. Contrarily, in the pre-broodstock farms, the lysozyme value as a non-specific immunity index had a significant increase, which indicates that the upgrading of the bio-safety level can reduce stress and shift the energy directly to the production.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89702330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of fish in the family food basket is one of the important goals in completing the food regime, but as fish are highly perishable, use of coverage or active packaging could be benefit. In this research, in order to determine the shelf life of the fish, the effect of nettle extract loaded nanoemulsion and storage temperature (4 and 8 ° C) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of temperature and presence of nanoamulsion, various factors such as chemical, microbial and sensory factors were investigated. The samples were divided into 5 groups, which included control treatment, loaded samples with nanoemulsion containing 1, 2, 3 and 4% nettle extract and each of these samples kept the fresh fish separately at temperatures of 4 and 8 C. Correspondence S.A.A Anvar, Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: saaa4824@gmail.com). The study of the effect of treatments on chemical properties, peroxide value, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and microbial characteristics (counting total and microscopic microorganisms) showed that using 4% nanoemulsion of nettle could produce proper properties within 14 days, as well as in the sensory evaluation, which the results also confirmed it. Therefore, the use of nettle nanoemulsion at a level of 4% allowed for 14 days keeping the fish at 4 ° C in optimal quality.
{"title":"Urtica diocia extract-mediated biosynthesis of nanoemulsion as antimicrobial products effected on Sander lucioperca at Refrigerator temperature","authors":"N. Isfahani, S. Anvar, H. Ahari","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of fish in the family food basket is one of the important goals in completing the food regime, but as fish are highly perishable, use of coverage or active packaging could be benefit. In this research, in order to determine the shelf life of the fish, the effect of nettle extract loaded nanoemulsion and storage temperature (4 and 8 ° C) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of temperature and presence of nanoamulsion, various factors such as chemical, microbial and sensory factors were investigated. The samples were divided into 5 groups, which included control treatment, loaded samples with nanoemulsion containing 1, 2, 3 and 4% nettle extract and each of these samples kept the fresh fish separately at temperatures of 4 and 8 C. Correspondence S.A.A Anvar, Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: saaa4824@gmail.com). The study of the effect of treatments on chemical properties, peroxide value, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and microbial characteristics (counting total and microscopic microorganisms) showed that using 4% nanoemulsion of nettle could produce proper properties within 14 days, as well as in the sensory evaluation, which the results also confirmed it. Therefore, the use of nettle nanoemulsion at a level of 4% allowed for 14 days keeping the fish at 4 ° C in optimal quality.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82303578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary aim of the current study has been to examine the impacts of dietary supplementary of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck) powder (CP) different levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, growth, and immune responses of the juvenile Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). Experimental Fish (15 ± 0.1g) was fed diets enriched with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g CP per kg feed for eight weeks period. After the feeding trial period, the fish were challenged against pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium damselae (subsp. piscicida)) for evaluating the resistance of infected fish to diseases. According to the results, fish growth performance was significantly improved with increasing CP levels at CP10 and CP15. Correspondence P Akbary, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran (e-mail: paria.akbary@gmail.com). Antioxidant-stimulated activity was observed with dietary CP where total antioxidant capacities (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) augmented, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in fish fed CP. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity of fish fed three levels of CP has been considerably enhanced in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). Moreover, CP supplementation at 10 and 15 g dose induced kidney phagocyte and respiratory burst activity which was maximized at 15 g CP. Meanwhile, feeding 10 and 15 g of CP diets decreased mortality in M. cephalus after challenge with P. damselae. The present study indicated the role of optimal doses Chlorella vulgaris extract (10 and 15 g kg -1 feed) on growth and antioxidant defense and immune status of grey mullet.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的寻常小球藻粉(CP)对头Mugil cephalus幼鱼抗氧化酶活性、生长和免疫反应的影响。试验鱼(15±0.1g)分别饲喂每kg饲料添加0(对照)、5、10和15 g CP的饲料，为期8周。饲喂试验期结束后，对致病菌(光杆菌damselae)进行攻毒。用于评价受感染鱼类对疾病的抵抗力。结果表明，CP10和CP15 CP水平的提高显著提高了鱼的生长性能。伊朗恰巴哈尔海事大学海洋科学学院渔业系P·阿克巴里通信(e-mail: paria.akbary@gmail.com)。饲粮中添加粗CP可显著提高鱼的抗氧化活性，提高总抗氧化能力(TAC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，显著降低丙二醛(MDA)，且3种水平粗CP均显著提高了鱼的血清溶菌酶活性(p <0.05)。此外，添加10和15 g CP可诱导肾吞噬细胞和呼吸爆发活性，且在15 g CP时达到最大。同时，添加10和15 g CP可降低豆selae攻毒后头鼠的死亡率。本研究揭示了最佳剂量小球藻提取物(10和15 g kg -1饲料)对灰鲻鱼生长、抗氧化防御和免疫状态的影响。
{"title":"Impact of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck, 1890) on the growth, antioxidant defense and immune status of the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"P. Akbary, Z. Aminikhoei","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of the current study has been to examine the impacts of dietary supplementary of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck) powder (CP) different levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, growth, and immune responses of the juvenile Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). Experimental Fish (15 ± 0.1g) was fed diets enriched with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g CP per kg feed for eight weeks period. After the feeding trial period, the fish were challenged against pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium damselae (subsp. piscicida)) for evaluating the resistance of infected fish to diseases. According to the results, fish growth performance was significantly improved with increasing CP levels at CP10 and CP15. Correspondence P Akbary, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran (e-mail: paria.akbary@gmail.com). Antioxidant-stimulated activity was observed with dietary CP where total antioxidant capacities (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) augmented, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in fish fed CP. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity of fish fed three levels of CP has been considerably enhanced in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). Moreover, CP supplementation at 10 and 15 g dose induced kidney phagocyte and respiratory burst activity which was maximized at 15 g CP. Meanwhile, feeding 10 and 15 g of CP diets decreased mortality in M. cephalus after challenge with P. damselae. The present study indicated the role of optimal doses Chlorella vulgaris extract (10 and 15 g kg -1 feed) on growth and antioxidant defense and immune status of grey mullet.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81074973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mohammadi, N. Choobkar, Z. Moradi, Young Researchers
Nowadays, Researchers are looking for approaches to eliminate or minimize the application the antibiotics in aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to determine accessibility the fry of Mugil cephalus to Camellia sinensis concerning the growth performance and haematology parameters. One hundred and fifty fry of M. cephalus with an average weight of 2.15 ± 0.08 were collected from Chabahar coastal waters and transferred to the experimental site, under the optimal conditions. This research was based on 3 treatments, one control in triplicates, 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm of C. sinensis. The main index should be measures in this study were included the growth factors containing mean weight, daily growth, and haematological factors, ultimately. Correspondence F Mohammadi, Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran (e-mail: forogh_mo58@yahoo.com). Overall, the results of this study showed that adding 200 mg kg of GTE (Green Tea Extract) of diet resulted in a significant increase in final weight and daily growth indices (DGI), especially during the first 4 weeks of fry M. cephalus rearing, compared with the control group. Increasing the green tea extract to diet caused no significant increase in the number of RBC compared to the control. The number of white RBC increased in the treatment containing 200 mg kg of green tea extract. The highest amount of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the group of 200 mg kg GTE. The lowest amount of hematocrit (Hct) was observed in the treatment containing 100 mg kg GTE and its highest was measured in treatment containing 200 mg kg GTE.
{"title":"Accessibility the fry of Mugil cephalus to the extract of Camellia sinensis concerning growth performance and haematology indices","authors":"F. Mohammadi, N. Choobkar, Z. Moradi, Young Researchers","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, Researchers are looking for approaches to eliminate or minimize the application the antibiotics in aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to determine accessibility the fry of Mugil cephalus to Camellia sinensis concerning the growth performance and haematology parameters. One hundred and fifty fry of M. cephalus with an average weight of 2.15 ± 0.08 were collected from Chabahar coastal waters and transferred to the experimental site, under the optimal conditions. This research was based on 3 treatments, one control in triplicates, 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm of C. sinensis. The main index should be measures in this study were included the growth factors containing mean weight, daily growth, and haematological factors, ultimately. Correspondence F Mohammadi, Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran (e-mail: forogh_mo58@yahoo.com). Overall, the results of this study showed that adding 200 mg kg of GTE (Green Tea Extract) of diet resulted in a significant increase in final weight and daily growth indices (DGI), especially during the first 4 weeks of fry M. cephalus rearing, compared with the control group. Increasing the green tea extract to diet caused no significant increase in the number of RBC compared to the control. The number of white RBC increased in the treatment containing 200 mg kg of green tea extract. The highest amount of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the group of 200 mg kg GTE. The lowest amount of hematocrit (Hct) was observed in the treatment containing 100 mg kg GTE and its highest was measured in treatment containing 200 mg kg GTE.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81141209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are documented as the most considerable viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of these pathogens in 65 farms with suspected clinical signs in northern Iran from March 2016 to February 2018. Logistic regression analysis used to assess the effect of several determinant factors on the occurrence of these pathogens. In total, 19 (29.23%) farms were positive by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). The frequency of VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV was reported 18.5%, 6.2%, and 4.61%, respectively. The most affected farms (78.95%) used river water. Furthermore, our results revealed that using river water raised the chances of viral disease by 5 times (OR = 5.02; P = 0.01). Correspondence M Khosravi, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran (e-mail: mojtaba.kh.dvm@gmail.com). Thus, using river water was a risk factor for the occurrence of viral pathogens. From four weight groups (A to D); fishes in groups A (fish < 1 gr) and B (1 to 20 gr) were more affected but not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study has provided insight into the frequency of these targeted viruses. Collectively, establishing routine rapid diagnostic programs and setting up basic educational practices can be valuable to design the prevention and control strategies.
{"title":"Numerical findings on crucial viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) farms of northern Iran","authors":"M. Khosravi, P. Shohreh, R. Khoshbakht","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are documented as the most considerable viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of these pathogens in 65 farms with suspected clinical signs in northern Iran from March 2016 to February 2018. Logistic regression analysis used to assess the effect of several determinant factors on the occurrence of these pathogens. In total, 19 (29.23%) farms were positive by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). The frequency of VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV was reported 18.5%, 6.2%, and 4.61%, respectively. The most affected farms (78.95%) used river water. Furthermore, our results revealed that using river water raised the chances of viral disease by 5 times (OR = 5.02; P = 0.01). Correspondence M Khosravi, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran (e-mail: mojtaba.kh.dvm@gmail.com). Thus, using river water was a risk factor for the occurrence of viral pathogens. From four weight groups (A to D); fishes in groups A (fish < 1 gr) and B (1 to 20 gr) were more affected but not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study has provided insight into the frequency of these targeted viruses. Collectively, establishing routine rapid diagnostic programs and setting up basic educational practices can be valuable to design the prevention and control strategies.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81162315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alishahi, A. Heidari, A. Gholamhosseini, H. Najafzadeh
Administration of human anesthesia drugs in fish is mainly because of their high efficacy and availability as well as low price. In this study anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine (0, 15 and 30 mg L) was evaluated in Shirbot (Tor grypus). Acepromazine concentrations prepared in 10 L containers in triplicates, then serial descending concentration of ketamine (for effective dose 20-400 mg L and for lethal dose 320-900 mg L) were added to tank. Twelve fish were added to each container. Results analyzed with probit software and EC10, EC50 and EC90 as well as LC10, LC50 and LC90 of drugs in five minutes were measured. Results showed that no significant difference was seen in anesthesia efficacy, time of anesthesia induction and recovery time among groups (P>0.05), but lethal effects of Ketamine decreased significantly in Ketamin along with 15 mg L Acepromazine (P<0.05). Correspondence M Alishahi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran (e-mail: alishahim@scu.ac.ir). Then it can be concluded that Acepromazine increased the safety of Ketamine in Tor grypus at low doses.
{"title":"Study on anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine in Tor grypus","authors":"M. Alishahi, A. Heidari, A. Gholamhosseini, H. Najafzadeh","doi":"10.29252/ijaah.5.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijaah.5.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Administration of human anesthesia drugs in fish is mainly because of their high efficacy and availability as well as low price. In this study anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine (0, 15 and 30 mg L) was evaluated in Shirbot (Tor grypus). Acepromazine concentrations prepared in 10 L containers in triplicates, then serial descending concentration of ketamine (for effective dose 20-400 mg L and for lethal dose 320-900 mg L) were added to tank. Twelve fish were added to each container. Results analyzed with probit software and EC10, EC50 and EC90 as well as LC10, LC50 and LC90 of drugs in five minutes were measured. Results showed that no significant difference was seen in anesthesia efficacy, time of anesthesia induction and recovery time among groups (P>0.05), but lethal effects of Ketamine decreased significantly in Ketamin along with 15 mg L Acepromazine (P<0.05). Correspondence M Alishahi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran (e-mail: alishahim@scu.ac.ir). Then it can be concluded that Acepromazine increased the safety of Ketamine in Tor grypus at low doses.","PeriodicalId":14506,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73302410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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