首页 > 最新文献

Italian Journal of Food Safety最新文献

英文 中文
Microplastics in Sepia officinalis caught on the central Adriatic coast: preliminary results. 亚得里亚海中部海岸捕获的棕鲷体内的微塑料:初步结果。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.9971
Alessia Armellini, Gianluigi Ferri, Carlotta Lauteri, Antonio De Camillis, Luca Pennisi

Microplastics (μPs) represent an emerging problem for the marine environment given their wide bioavailability for all aquatic organisms, from zooplankton to top predators. This work aimed to evaluate a method of extracting microplastics from the gastrointestinal tract of 122 Sepia officinalis caught from the Adriatic Sea (along Abruzzo region coasts) to measure its quantity in a poorly investigated species. The extraction method used for gastrointestinal content was performed using 10% potassium hydroxide. In 98/122 (80.32-95% CI=73.27-87.37%) wild animals microplastics were detected with a mean concentration of 6.82±5.52 μPs/subject. Among the fragments, as supported by various authors, those of black color were the most represented ones; however, also blue fibers and transparent spheres were isolated. This study, in agreement with previous ones, poses further attention to the wide microplastic diffusion in the marine environment (surface, columns, sediments, and animals). The obtained results provide the basis for future investigations on this public health concern.

微塑料(μPs)是海洋环境的一个新问题,因为它们对所有水生生物(从浮游动物到顶级捕食者)都具有广泛的生物利用度。本研究旨在评估从亚得里亚海(沿着阿布鲁佐地区海岸)捕获的122条棕鲷(Sepia officinalis)胃肠道中提取微塑料的方法,以测量其在研究较少的物种中的数量。胃肠内容物的提取方法采用10%氢氧化钾。98/122例(80.32-95% CI=73.27-87.37%)野生动物中检出微塑料,平均浓度为6.82±5.52 μPs/人。在这些片段中,有许多作者支持,黑色的片段是最具代表性的;然而,蓝色纤维和透明球也被分离出来。本研究与之前的研究一致,进一步关注了微塑料在海洋环境(表面,柱状,沉积物和动物)中的广泛扩散。所得结果为今后对这一公共卫生问题的调查提供了基础。
{"title":"Microplastics in <i>Sepia officinalis</i> caught on the central Adriatic coast: preliminary results.","authors":"Alessia Armellini,&nbsp;Gianluigi Ferri,&nbsp;Carlotta Lauteri,&nbsp;Antonio De Camillis,&nbsp;Luca Pennisi","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.9971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.9971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (μPs) represent an emerging problem for the marine environment given their wide bioavailability for all aquatic organisms, from zooplankton to top predators. This work aimed to evaluate a method of extracting microplastics from the gastrointestinal tract of 122 <i>Sepia officinalis</i> caught from the Adriatic Sea (along Abruzzo region coasts) to measure its quantity in a poorly investigated species. The extraction method used for gastrointestinal content was performed using 10% potassium hydroxide. In 98/122 (80.32-95% CI=73.27-87.37%) wild animals microplastics were detected with a mean concentration of 6.82±5.52 μPs/subject. Among the fragments, as supported by various authors, those of black color were the most represented ones; however, also blue fibers and transparent spheres were isolated. This study, in agreement with previous ones, poses further attention to the wide microplastic diffusion in the marine environment (surface, columns, sediments, and animals). The obtained results provide the basis for future investigations on this public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/f9/ijfs-12-2-9971.PMC10316234.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9799631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food risk associated with vegetable consumption, exposure to antimicrobial-resistant strains and pesticide residues. 与蔬菜消费、接触抗微生物菌株和农药残留有关的食品风险。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11134
Annamaria Castello, Giovanni Lo Cascio, Clelia Ferraro, Licia Pantano, Antonella Costa, Gaspare Butera, Giuseppa Oliveri, Maria Laura Rizzuto, Rosa Alduina, Cinzia Cardamone

This preliminary study aimed to detect biological and chemical contaminants in vegetables sold in Sicily for human consumption, assess the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains in these foods, and characterize their antimicrobial-resistance genes. A total of 29 fresh and ready-to-eat samples were analyzed. Microbiological analyses were performed for the detection of Salmonella spp. and the enumeration of Enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Pesticides were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. No samples were contaminated by Salmonella spp., E. coli was detected in 1 sample of fresh lettuce at a low bacterial count (2 log cfu/g). 17.24% of vegetables were contaminated by Enterococci and 65.5% by Enterobacteriaceae (bacterial counts between 1.56 log cfu/g and 5.93 log cfu/g and between 1.6 log cfu/g and 5.48 log cfu/g respectively). From 86.2% of vegetables, 53 AMR strains were isolated, and 10/53 isolates were multidrug resistant. Molecular analysis showed that the blaTEM gene was detected in 12/38 β-lactam-resistant/intermediate-resistant isolates. Genes conferring tetracycline resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetW) were detected in 7/10 isolates. The qnrS gene was detected in 1/5 quinolone-resistant isolates, the sulI gene was detected in 1/4 sulfonamide- resistant/intermediate-resistant isolates and the sulIII gene was never detected. Pesticides were detected in 27.3% of samples, all of which were leafy vegetables. Despite the satisfactory hygienic status of samples, the high percentage of AMR bacteria detected stresses the need for an effective monitoring of these foods as well as adequate strategies to counteract the spread of AMR bacteria along the agricultural chain. Also, the chemical contamination of vegetables should not be underestimated, especially considering that leafy vegetables are commonly consumed raw and that no official guidelines about maximum residue limits of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables are available.

本初步研究旨在检测西西里岛出售供人类食用的蔬菜中的生物和化学污染物,评估这些食品中抗菌素抗性(AMR)菌株的传播情况,并表征其抗菌素抗性基因。共分析了29个新鲜和即食样品。微生物学分析检测沙门氏菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌科和大肠杆菌。根据临床和实验室标准协会的指导方针,采用Kirby-Bauer法评估抗菌素耐药性。采用高效液相色谱、气相色谱联用质谱法对农药进行检测。样品中未检出沙门氏菌,1份新鲜生菜样品中检出大肠杆菌,细菌计数较低(2 log cfu/g)。17.24%的蔬菜被肠球菌污染,65.5%的蔬菜被肠杆菌科污染,细菌数量分别在1.56 ~ 5.93 log cfu/g和1.6 ~ 5.48 log cfu/g之间。从86.2%的蔬菜中分离出53株AMR菌株,其中10/53株为耐多药菌株。分子分析表明,在12/38株β-内酰胺耐药/中耐药菌株中检测到blaTEM基因。在7/10株中检测到四环素耐药基因(tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、tetW)。1/5喹诺酮耐药菌株中检测到qnrS基因,1/4磺胺耐药/中耐药菌株中检测到sulI基因,未检测到sulIII基因。农药检出率为27.3%,全部为叶类蔬菜。尽管样品的卫生状况令人满意,但检测到的AMR细菌的高比例强调需要对这些食品进行有效监测,并采取适当的策略来抵消AMR细菌沿农业链的传播。此外,蔬菜的化学污染不应被低估,特别是考虑到叶菜通常是生吃的,而且没有关于即食蔬菜中农药最大残留限量的官方指导方针。
{"title":"Food risk associated with vegetable consumption, exposure to antimicrobial-resistant strains and pesticide residues.","authors":"Annamaria Castello,&nbsp;Giovanni Lo Cascio,&nbsp;Clelia Ferraro,&nbsp;Licia Pantano,&nbsp;Antonella Costa,&nbsp;Gaspare Butera,&nbsp;Giuseppa Oliveri,&nbsp;Maria Laura Rizzuto,&nbsp;Rosa Alduina,&nbsp;Cinzia Cardamone","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preliminary study aimed to detect biological and chemical contaminants in vegetables sold in Sicily for human consumption, assess the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains in these foods, and characterize their antimicrobial-resistance genes. A total of 29 fresh and ready-to-eat samples were analyzed. Microbiological analyses were performed for the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and the enumeration of <i>Enterococci</i>, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Pesticides were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. No samples were contaminated by <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>E. coli</i> was detected in 1 sample of fresh lettuce at a low bacterial count (2 log cfu/g). 17.24% of vegetables were contaminated by <i>Enterococci</i> and 65.5% by <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (bacterial counts between 1.56 log cfu/g and 5.93 log cfu/g and between 1.6 log cfu/g and 5.48 log cfu/g respectively). From 86.2% of vegetables, 53 AMR strains were isolated, and 10/53 isolates were multidrug resistant. Molecular analysis showed that the <i>blaTEM</i> gene was detected in 12/38 β-lactam-resistant/intermediate-resistant isolates. Genes conferring tetracycline resistance (<i>tetA</i>, <i>tetB</i>, <i>tetC</i>, <i>tetD</i>, <i>tetW</i>) were detected in 7/10 isolates. The <i>qnrS</i> gene was detected in 1/5 quinolone-resistant isolates, the <i>sulI</i> gene was detected in 1/4 sulfonamide- resistant/intermediate-resistant isolates and the <i>sulIII</i> gene was never detected. Pesticides were detected in 27.3% of samples, all of which were leafy vegetables. Despite the satisfactory hygienic status of samples, the high percentage of AMR bacteria detected stresses the need for an effective monitoring of these foods as well as adequate strategies to counteract the spread of AMR bacteria along the agricultural chain. Also, the chemical contamination of vegetables should not be underestimated, especially considering that leafy vegetables are commonly consumed raw and that no official guidelines about maximum residue limits of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/41/ijfs-12-2-11134.PMC10316261.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of vacuum packaging for extending the shelf life of Sardinian fermented sausage. 真空包装延长撒丁岛发酵香肠保质期的评价。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10819
Giuliana Siddi, Francesca Piras, Maria Pina Meloni, Daniele Casti, Carlo Spanu, Carlo Pala, Anna Maria Mocci, Carlo Piga, Riccardo Di Salvo, Enrico De Santis, Christian Scarano

Salsiccia sarda or Sardinian fermented sausage is a traditional dry-fermented sausage included in the list of traditional food products of Sardinia (Italy). At the request of some producing plants, the possibility of extending the shelf life of the vacuum-packed product up to 120 days was evaluated. Manufacturing of 90 samples, representing 3 different batches of Sardinian fermented sausage was carried out in two producing plants (A and B). In the packaged product and subsequently every 30 days for four months (T0, T30, T60, T120), the following analyses were conducted on all samples: physicochemical characteristics, total aerobic mesophilic count, Enterobacteriaceae count, detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, and coagulase-positive Staphylococci. Moreover, surfaces in contact and surfaces not in contact with food were sampled in both producing plants. Sensory profile analysis was also performed for every analysis time. At the end of the extended shelf life, pH values were equal to 5.90±0.11 (producing plant A) and 5.61±0.29 (producing plant B). Water activity mean values at T120 were 0.894±0.02 (producing plant A) and 0.875±0.01 (producing plant B). L. monocytogenes was detected in 73.3% (33/45) of the samples from producing plant A, with mean levels of 1.12±0.76 log10 CFU/g. In producing plant B, L. monocytogenes was never detected. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 91.1% (41/45) of samples in producing plant A with mean values of 3.15±1.21 log10 CFU/g, and in 35.5% (16/45) samples in producing plant B samples with mean values of 0.72±0.86 log10 CFU/g. Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were never detected. Regarding environmental samples, the sites that were most contaminated by L. monocytogenes were the bagging table (contact surface) and processing room floor drains (non-contact surface) with a prevalence of 50% each (8/16 positive samples for both sampling sites). Sensory analysis results showed that at T30 the overall sensory quality was at its highest;moreover, the visual-tactile aspect, the olfactory characteristics, the gustatory aspects, and the texture showed significant differences in samples throughout the shelf life, with a decreased intensity at 120 days of storage. Overall, the quality and sensory acceptance of the vacuumpacked Sardinian fermented sausage was not affected until 120 days of shelf-life. However, the possible contamination by L. monocytogenes calls attention to the hygienic management of the entire technological process. The environmental sampling was confirmed as a useful verification tool during control.

撒丁岛发酵香肠(Salsiccia sarda)是一种被列入撒丁岛(意大利)传统食品名录的传统干发酵香肠。应一些生产厂的要求,对将真空包装产品的保质期延长至120天的可能性进行了评估。在两个生产工厂(A和B)生产了90个样品,代表3个不同批次的撒丁岛发酵香肠。在包装产品中以及随后的4个月(T0, T30, T60, T120)每30天对所有样品进行以下分析:理化特性、好氧嗜中温菌总数、肠杆菌科细菌总数、单核增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、嗜中温乳酸菌、凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌检测。此外,对两个生产工厂与食物接触的表面和不接触的表面进行了采样。每次分析时也进行感觉剖面分析。延长货架期结束时,pH值分别为5.90±0.11(生产植物A)和5.61±0.29(生产植物B), T120时水分活度平均值分别为0.894±0.02(生产植物A)和0.875±0.01(生产植物B), 73.3%(33/45)的生产植物A样品中检出单增李斯特菌,平均含量为1.12±0.76 log10 CFU/g。在生产植物B中,未检测到单核增生乳杆菌。产植物A中91.1%(41/45)的样品检出肠杆菌科细菌,平均值为3.15±1.21 log10 CFU/g;产植物B中35.5%(16/45)的样品检出肠杆菌科细菌,平均值为0.72±0.86 log10 CFU/g。未检出沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。就环境样本而言,单核细胞增生乳杆菌污染最严重的地点是装袋工作台(接触面)和加工车间地板排水管(非接触面),患病率均为50%(两个采样地点均有8/16个阳性样本)。感官分析结果表明,在T30时,样品的整体感官质量达到最高,并且在整个保质期内,样品的视觉触觉、嗅觉特征、味觉特征和质地都有显著差异,在120天的储存时强度有所下降。总的来说,真空包装的撒丁岛发酵香肠的质量和感官接受度直到120天的保质期才受到影响。然而,单核细胞增生乳杆菌可能造成的污染要求对整个工艺过程的卫生管理予以重视。在控制过程中,环境采样被确认为一种有用的验证工具。
{"title":"Evaluation of vacuum packaging for extending the shelf life of Sardinian fermented sausage.","authors":"Giuliana Siddi,&nbsp;Francesca Piras,&nbsp;Maria Pina Meloni,&nbsp;Daniele Casti,&nbsp;Carlo Spanu,&nbsp;Carlo Pala,&nbsp;Anna Maria Mocci,&nbsp;Carlo Piga,&nbsp;Riccardo Di Salvo,&nbsp;Enrico De Santis,&nbsp;Christian Scarano","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salsiccia sarda</i> or Sardinian fermented sausage is a traditional dry-fermented sausage included in the list of traditional food products of Sardinia (Italy). At the request of some producing plants, the possibility of extending the shelf life of the vacuum-packed product up to 120 days was evaluated. Manufacturing of 90 samples, representing 3 different batches of Sardinian fermented sausage was carried out in two producing plants (A and B). In the packaged product and subsequently every 30 days for four months (T<sub>0</sub>, T<sub>30</sub>, T<sub>60</sub>, T<sub>120</sub>), the following analyses were conducted on all samples: physicochemical characteristics, total aerobic mesophilic count, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> count, detection of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella spp</i>., mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, and coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococci</i>. Moreover, surfaces in contact and surfaces not in contact with food were sampled in both producing plants. Sensory profile analysis was also performed for every analysis time. At the end of the extended shelf life, pH values were equal to 5.90±0.11 (producing plant A) and 5.61±0.29 (producing plant B). Water activity mean values at T<sub>120</sub> were 0.894±0.02 (producing plant A) and 0.875±0.01 (producing plant B). <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was detected in 73.3% (33/45) of the samples from producing plant A, with mean levels of 1.12±0.76 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g. In producing plant B, <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was never detected. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were detected in 91.1% (41/45) of samples in producing plant A with mean values of 3.15±1.21 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g, and in 35.5% (16/45) samples in producing plant B samples with mean values of 0.72±0.86 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g. <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were never detected. Regarding environmental samples, the sites that were most contaminated by <i>L. monocytogenes</i> were the bagging table (contact surface) and processing room floor drains (non-contact surface) with a prevalence of 50% each (8/16 positive samples for both sampling sites). Sensory analysis results showed that at T<sub>30</sub> the overall sensory quality was at its highest;moreover, the visual-tactile aspect, the olfactory characteristics, the gustatory aspects, and the texture showed significant differences in samples throughout the shelf life, with a decreased intensity at 120 days of storage. Overall, the quality and sensory acceptance of the vacuumpacked Sardinian fermented sausage was not affected until 120 days of shelf-life. However, the possible contamination by <i>L. monocytogenes</i> calls attention to the hygienic management of the entire technological process. The environmental sampling was confirmed as a useful verification tool during control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/f6/ijfs-12-2-10819.PMC10316266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating Escherichia coli contamination in bivalve mollusks using the impedance method: a comparison with most probable number analyses and correlation with environmental parameters. 用阻抗法评价双壳类软体动物的大肠杆菌污染:与最可能数分析的比较及其与环境参数的相关性。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11103
Sarah Currò, Luca Fasolato, Stefania Balzan, Giacomo Biziato, Francesco Paesanti, Luca Bargelloni, Barbara Cardazzo, Enrico Novelli

The application of an electrochemical (impedance) tool for monitoring Escherichia coli contamination in shellfish was evaluated after 13 months of observation. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the standard most probable number (MPN) and μ-trac 4200 (log imped/100 g) for the assessment of E. coli contamination (log MPN/100 g) in non-depurated bivalve mollusks (BM) from five sampling areas of the Veneto-Emilian coast (Italy) (118 samples). The secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between E. coli concentrations in BM and environmental factors on a large data set (690). The methods showed a moderate, positive correlation (0.60 and 0.69 Pearson and Spearman coefficients, respectively; P<0.01) in Ruditapes philippinarum. The McNemar test indicated analogous sample classification between methods, and the impedance method overestimated the most contaminated class (P=0.03; >4,600 MPN/100 g). The results highlighted the suitability of the impedance method for a faster evaluation and routine use especially in clams, while in Mytilus it seemed less effective. Different models built by multivariate permutational variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression selected the suitable environmental features able to predict the E. coli load. Overall, salinity and season affected the E. coli contamination, whereas locally it was mainly influenced by hydrometry and salinity. The application of the impedance method coupled with environmental data analysis could help purification phase management to adhere to legal limits and could represent an advantage for local control authorities to define actions, considering extreme meteorological events' effects as a proactive reaction to climate change.

经过13个月的观察,对电化学(阻抗)工具监测贝类中大肠杆菌污染的应用进行了评价。本研究的主要目的是比较来自意大利威尼托-埃米利亚海岸(Veneto-Emilian)五个采样区(118个样本)的未净化双壳类软体动物(BM)中大肠杆菌污染(log MPN/100 g)的标准最可能数(MPN)和μ-trac 4200 (log MPN/100 g)。第二个目的是在大数据集上评估BM中大肠杆菌浓度与环境因素之间的相关性(690)。两种方法的Pearson和Spearman系数分别为0.60和0.69;P0.01)。McNemar试验表明两种方法之间的样本分类相似,阻抗法高估了污染最严重的类别(P=0.03;> 4600 MPN/100 g)。结果强调了阻抗法的适用性,特别是在蛤蜊中进行快速评估和常规使用,而在贻贝中似乎不太有效。通过多元置换方差分析和多项逻辑回归建立不同的模型,选择适合预测大肠杆菌载量的环境特征。总体而言,盐度和季节影响大肠杆菌污染,而局部主要受水文和盐度影响。阻抗法与环境数据分析相结合的应用可以帮助净化阶段管理遵守法律限制,并且可以代表地方控制当局确定行动的优势,考虑到极端气象事件的影响是对气候变化的积极反应。
{"title":"Evaluating <i>Escherichia coli</i> contamination in bivalve mollusks using the impedance method: a comparison with most probable number analyses and correlation with environmental parameters.","authors":"Sarah Currò,&nbsp;Luca Fasolato,&nbsp;Stefania Balzan,&nbsp;Giacomo Biziato,&nbsp;Francesco Paesanti,&nbsp;Luca Bargelloni,&nbsp;Barbara Cardazzo,&nbsp;Enrico Novelli","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of an electrochemical (impedance) tool for monitoring <i>Escherichia coli</i> contamination in shellfish was evaluated after 13 months of observation. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the standard most probable number (MPN) and μ-trac 4200 (log imped/100 g) for the assessment of <i>E. coli</i> contamination (log MPN/100 g) in non-depurated bivalve mollusks (BM) from five sampling areas of the Veneto-Emilian coast (Italy) (118 samples). The secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between <i>E. coli</i> concentrations in BM and environmental factors on a large data set (690). The methods showed a moderate, positive correlation (0.60 and 0.69 Pearson and Spearman coefficients, respectively; P<i><</i>0.01) in <i>Ruditapes philippinarum.</i> The McNemar test indicated analogous sample classification between methods, and the impedance method overestimated the most contaminated class (P=0.03; >4,600 MPN/100 g). The results highlighted the suitability of the impedance method for a faster evaluation and routine use especially in clams, while in <i>Mytilus</i> it seemed less effective. Different models built by multivariate permutational variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression selected the suitable environmental features able to predict the <i>E. coli</i> load. Overall, salinity and season affected the <i>E. coli</i> contamination, whereas locally it was mainly influenced by hydrometry and salinity. The application of the impedance method coupled with environmental data analysis could help purification phase management to adhere to legal limits and could represent an advantage for local control authorities to define actions, considering extreme meteorological events' effects as a proactive reaction to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/63/ijfs-12-2-11103.PMC10316231.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment. 北亚得里亚海(地中海中部)两种商业鱿鱼中的镉、铅和汞:污染水平和健康风险评估。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11037
Maria Olga Varrà, Lenka Husáková, Jan Patočka, Adriana Ianieri, Sergio Ghidini, Emanuela Zanardi

In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentrations through the consumption of these products was also assessed. Compared to European squids, flying squids showed three times higher total Hg concentrations and one hundred times higher Cd concentrations to the point that more than 6 and 25% of the samples exceeded the maximum Hg and Cd limits established by the current legislation. From the evaluation of dietary exposure levels, it emerged that the consumption of flying squids was associated with the highest Pb intake by children and, consequently, with the lower margin of exposure values in relation to the risk of neurotoxicity (margin of exposure=33). Consumption of flying squids, especially by children, was also associated with higher intakes of Cd, inorganic, and methyl-Hg, which, respectively, accounted for 156, 113, and 23% of the tolerable weekly intakes established for these contaminants at European level. The obtained results raise concern and it may be necessary to provide specific dietary advice on the moderate dietary consumption of some cephalopod species, especially to the youngest and most vulnerable segment of the population. However, besides the highly conservative deterministic method adopted in this study, a refined consumer exposure assessment should be performed through the probabilistic methodology, which is more suitable to represent the real exposure scenario.

本研究分析了意大利北部亚得里亚海欧洲鱿鱼(Loligo vulgaris)和箭尾飞乌贼(Todarodes sagittatus)体内铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)和总汞(Hg)的含量。还评估了意大利人口通过消费这些产品而暴露于潜在有害金属浓度的风险。与欧洲鱿鱼相比,飞鱿鱼的总汞浓度高出3倍,Cd浓度高出100倍,以至于超过6%和25%的样本超过了现行立法规定的最高汞和Cd限值。从饮食暴露水平的评估中发现,食用飞鱿鱼与儿童最高的铅摄入量有关,因此,与神经毒性风险相关的暴露值的下限也较低(暴露限值=33)。食用飞鱿鱼,尤其是儿童,还与较高的镉、无机汞和甲基汞摄入量有关,这三种污染物分别占欧洲标准规定的每周可耐受摄入量的15.6%、13%和23%。获得的结果引起关注,可能有必要就某些头足类物种的适度饮食提供具体的饮食建议,特别是对种群中最年轻和最脆弱的部分。然而,除了本研究采用的高度保守的确定性方法外,还需要通过概率方法进行精细化的消费者暴露评估,这种方法更适合代表真实的暴露情景。
{"title":"Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment.","authors":"Maria Olga Varrà,&nbsp;Lenka Husáková,&nbsp;Jan Patočka,&nbsp;Adriana Ianieri,&nbsp;Sergio Ghidini,&nbsp;Emanuela Zanardi","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (<i>Loligo vulgaris</i>) and flying squids (<i>Todarodes sagittatus</i>) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentrations through the consumption of these products was also assessed. Compared to European squids, flying squids showed three times higher total Hg concentrations and one hundred times higher Cd concentrations to the point that more than 6 and 25% of the samples exceeded the maximum Hg and Cd limits established by the current legislation. From the evaluation of dietary exposure levels, it emerged that the consumption of flying squids was associated with the highest Pb intake by children and, consequently, with the lower margin of exposure values in relation to the risk of neurotoxicity (margin of exposure=33). Consumption of flying squids, especially by children, was also associated with higher intakes of Cd, inorganic, and methyl-Hg, which, respectively, accounted for 156, 113, and 23% of the tolerable weekly intakes established for these contaminants at European level. The obtained results raise concern and it may be necessary to provide specific dietary advice on the moderate dietary consumption of some cephalopod species, especially to the youngest and most vulnerable segment of the population. However, besides the highly conservative deterministic method adopted in this study, a refined consumer exposure assessment should be performed through the probabilistic methodology, which is more suitable to represent the real exposure scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/fb/ijfs-12-2-11037.PMC10316270.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9803140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Assessment of aflatoxin M1 enrichment factor in cheese produced with naturally contaminated milk. 用天然污染的牛奶生产的奶酪中黄曲霉毒素M1富集因子的评价。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11123
Sonia Sabatelli, Lorenzo Gambi, Cristina Baiguera, Franco Paterlini, Filippo Lelli Mami, Laura Uboldi, Paolo Daminelli, Alberto Biancardi

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a well-known carcinogenic compound that may contaminate milk and dairy products. Thus, with the regulation 1881/2006, the European Union established a concentration limit for AFM1 in milk and insisted on the importance of defining enrichment factors (EFs) for cheese. In 2019, the Italian Ministry of Health proposed four different EFs based on cheese's moisture content on a fat-free basis (MMFB) for bovine dairy products. This study aimed to define the EFs of cheese with different MFFB. The milk used for cheesemaking was naturally contaminated with different AFM1 concentrations. Results showed that all the EF average values from this study were lower than those of the Italian Ministry of Health. Hence, the current EFs might need to be reconsidered for a better categorization of AFM1 risk in cheese.

黄曲霉毒素M1 (AFM1)是一种众所周知的致癌化合物,可能会污染牛奶和乳制品。因此,根据1881/2006号法规,欧盟建立了牛奶中AFM1的浓度限制,并坚持定义奶酪的富集因子(EFs)的重要性。2019年,意大利卫生部根据奶酪的无脂基础上的水分含量(MMFB)为牛乳制品提出了四种不同的EFs。本研究旨在确定不同MFFB奶酪的EFs。用于制作奶酪的牛奶自然受到不同AFM1浓度的污染。结果表明,本研究所得的所有EF平均值均低于意大利卫生部的平均值。因此,目前的EFs可能需要重新考虑,以便更好地对奶酪中的AFM1风险进行分类。
{"title":"Assessment of aflatoxin M1 enrichment factor in cheese produced with naturally contaminated milk.","authors":"Sonia Sabatelli,&nbsp;Lorenzo Gambi,&nbsp;Cristina Baiguera,&nbsp;Franco Paterlini,&nbsp;Filippo Lelli Mami,&nbsp;Laura Uboldi,&nbsp;Paolo Daminelli,&nbsp;Alberto Biancardi","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a well-known carcinogenic compound that may contaminate milk and dairy products. Thus, with the regulation 1881/2006, the European Union established a concentration limit for AFM1 in milk and insisted on the importance of defining enrichment factors (EFs) for cheese. In 2019, the Italian Ministry of Health proposed four different EFs based on cheese's moisture content on a fat-free basis (MMFB) for bovine dairy products. This study aimed to define the EFs of cheese with different MFFB. The milk used for cheesemaking was naturally contaminated with different AFM1 concentrations. Results showed that all the EF average values from this study were lower than those of the Italian Ministry of Health. Hence, the current EFs might need to be reconsidered for a better categorization of AFM1 risk in cheese.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/7b/ijfs-12-2-11123.PMC10316239.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary data on the microbial profile of dry and wet aged bovine meat obtained from different breeds in Sardinia. 撒丁岛不同品种的干、湿陈年牛肉的微生物特征的初步数据。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11060
Maria Pina Meloni, Francesca Piras, Giuliana Siddi, Rita Sanna, Roberta Lai, Fabrizio Simbula, Daniela Cabras, Maria Maurichi, Giovanna Asara, Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis, Christian Scarano

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dry and wet aging on microbial profile and physicochemical characteristics of bovine loins obtained from four animals of two different breeds, namely two Friesian cull cows and two Sardo-Bruna bovines. During dry and wet aging aerobic colony count, Enterobacteriaceae, mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas, molds and yeasts, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica, pH and water activity (aw) were determined in meat samples collected from the internal part of the loins. Moreover, the microbial profile was determined with sponge samples taken from the surface of the meat cuts. Samples obtained from Friesian cows were analyzed starting from the first day of the aging period and after 7, 14, and 21 days. Samples obtained from the Sardo Bruna bovines were also analyzed after 28 and 35 days. Wet aging allowed better control of Pseudomonas spp. during storage that showed statistically lower levels (P>0.05) in wet-aged meats with respect to dry-aged meats during aging and particularly at the end of the period (P>0.01) in both cattle breeds. At the end of the experiment (21 days), aerobic colony count and Pseudomonas in Fresian cows' dry-aged meats showed mean levels >8 log, while lactic acid bacteria mean counts >7 log were detected in wet-aged meats of both cattle breeds. In meats submitted to dry aging, pH was significantly higher (P<0.01) with respect to wet-aged meats at all analysis times and in both cattle breeds. Aw showed a stable trend during both dry and wet aging without significant differences. These preliminary results highlight the critical importance of the strict application of good hygiene practices during all stages of production of these particular cuts of meat intended for aging.

本研究旨在评价干湿老化对2头不同品种的4头牛(即2头弗里西亚淘汰牛和2头萨尔多布鲁纳牛)牛腰肉微生物特征和理化特性的影响。在干湿老化过程中,测定了各肉样品的好氧菌落计数、肠杆菌科、中温乳酸菌、假单胞菌、霉菌和酵母、肠沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的pH值和水活度(aw)。此外,用从肉片表面取下的海绵样品测定了微生物谱。从老化期第一天开始,从第7、14和21天开始,对Friesian奶牛的样品进行分析。从萨尔多布鲁纳牛获得的样本也在28天和35天后进行了分析。湿法陈化对贮藏过程中假单胞菌的控制效果较好,两种牛种的湿法陈化中假单胞菌含量均显著低于干法陈化(P>0.05),尤其是后期(P>0.01)。试验结束(21 d)时,两种牛品种干熟肉中需氧菌落计数和假单胞菌的平均值均大于8 log,湿熟肉中乳酸菌的平均值均大于7 log。在所有分析时间和两个牛品种中,干老化肉的pH值均显著高于湿老化肉(P0.01)。在干湿老化过程中,Aw呈稳定趋势,无显著差异。这些初步结果强调了在生产这些用于老化的特定肉块的所有阶段严格应用良好卫生习惯的重要性。
{"title":"Preliminary data on the microbial profile of dry and wet aged bovine meat obtained from different breeds in Sardinia.","authors":"Maria Pina Meloni,&nbsp;Francesca Piras,&nbsp;Giuliana Siddi,&nbsp;Rita Sanna,&nbsp;Roberta Lai,&nbsp;Fabrizio Simbula,&nbsp;Daniela Cabras,&nbsp;Maria Maurichi,&nbsp;Giovanna Asara,&nbsp;Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis,&nbsp;Christian Scarano","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dry and wet aging on microbial profile and physicochemical characteristics of bovine loins obtained from four animals of two different breeds, namely two Friesian cull cows and two Sardo-Bruna bovines. During dry and wet aging aerobic colony count, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, molds and yeasts, <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>, pH and water activity (a<sub>w</sub>) were determined in meat samples collected from the internal part of the loins. Moreover, the microbial profile was determined with sponge samples taken from the surface of the meat cuts. Samples obtained from Friesian cows were analyzed starting from the first day of the aging period and after 7, 14, and 21 days. Samples obtained from the Sardo Bruna bovines were also analyzed after 28 and 35 days. Wet aging allowed better control of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. during storage that showed statistically lower levels (P>0.05) in wet-aged meats with respect to dry-aged meats during aging and particularly at the end of the period (P>0.01) in both cattle breeds. At the end of the experiment (21 days), aerobic colony count and <i>Pseudomonas</i> in Fresian cows' dry-aged meats showed mean levels >8 log, while lactic acid bacteria mean counts >7 log were detected in wet-aged meats of both cattle breeds. In meats submitted to dry aging, pH was significantly higher (P<i><</i>0.01) with respect to wet-aged meats at all analysis times and in both cattle breeds. A<sub>w</sub> showed a stable trend during both dry and wet aging without significant differences. These preliminary results highlight the critical importance of the strict application of good hygiene practices during all stages of production of these particular cuts of meat intended for aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/e4/ijfs-12-2-11060.PMC10316274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Re-determination of the primary shelf-life of food products: what are the guarantees for the consumer? 食品初级保质期的重新确定:对消费者的保证是什么?
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11325
Massimo Renato Micheli, Leonardo Carosielli, Chiara Guarnieri, Alfonso Rosamilia

Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food business operator. The extension of this period, which for years has been the subject of debate among the various actors in the food chain, has become a topic of fundamental importance also following the recent economic/financial, environmental, and health crises, which have had an inevitable impact on consumption and food waste. While there is no requirement to indicate durability for some categories of food products, for example, those not directly intended for consumers, this debate has raised questions and perplexities about the potential re-evaluation of the origin conditions established by the manufacturer, particularly when it comes to maintaining the guarantees for the consumer in terms of health and hygiene. In addition, the increasing consumer demand for accurate information has prompted the European authorities to request a public consultation on the actual understanding and perception of the mandatory terms on labels such as use by or date of minimum durability of a food, provided for by Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011, often not correctly understood, which can assume great significance in the application of rules to reduce food waste. In this regard, it is useful to remember that the recent measures adopted by the European Union legislator, together with the case law of recent years, have led the judges of merit to comply with the principles and requirements of food safety laid down since 2002 in Regulation (EC) No. 178, thus paying greater attention to the analysis, assessment, and management of the risk of the entire production chain. The purpose of this work is to provide technical-legal elements to encourage a possible extension of the shelf-life of food products while ensuring the safety of consumers.

除极少数情况外,食品的保质期由食品经营者决定。这一期限的延长多年来一直是食物链各行动者之间辩论的主题,在最近的经济/金融、环境和健康危机对消费和粮食浪费产生了不可避免的影响之后,这一期限的延长也已成为一个至关重要的主题。虽然没有要求某些类别的食品,例如那些不直接供消费者使用的食品,必须标明持久性,但这场辩论提出了一些问题和困惑,即对制造商确定的原产地条件进行重新评估的可能性,特别是在涉及维护消费者健康和卫生方面的保证时。此外,消费者对准确信息的需求日益增加,促使欧洲当局要求就标签上的强制性条款的实际理解和感知进行公众咨询,例如法规(EU) No. 1169/2011第9条规定的食品的使用期限或最低耐用性日期,这些条款往往不能正确理解,这在应用规则以减少食物浪费方面具有重要意义。在这方面,有必要记住,欧盟立法者最近采取的措施,以及近年来的判例法,已经使法官们遵守了2002年以来(EC)第178号法规中规定的食品安全原则和要求,从而更加关注整个生产链的风险分析、评估和管理。这项工作的目的是提供技术法律因素,以鼓励延长食品的保质期,同时确保消费者的安全。
{"title":"Re-determination of the primary shelf-life of food products: what are the guarantees for the consumer?","authors":"Massimo Renato Micheli,&nbsp;Leonardo Carosielli,&nbsp;Chiara Guarnieri,&nbsp;Alfonso Rosamilia","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food business operator. The extension of this period, which for years has been the subject of debate among the various actors in the food chain, has become a topic of fundamental importance also following the recent economic/financial, environmental, and health crises, which have had an inevitable impact on consumption and food waste. While there is no requirement to indicate durability for some categories of food products, for example, those not directly intended for consumers, this debate has raised questions and perplexities about the potential re-evaluation of the origin conditions established by the manufacturer, particularly when it comes to maintaining the guarantees for the consumer in terms of health and hygiene. In addition, the increasing consumer demand for accurate information has prompted the European authorities to request a public consultation on the actual understanding and perception of the mandatory terms on labels such as <i>use by</i> or <i>date of minimum durability</i> of a food, provided for by Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011, often not correctly understood, which can assume great significance in the application of rules to reduce food waste. In this regard, it is useful to remember that the recent measures adopted by the European Union legislator, together with the case law of recent years, have led the judges of merit to comply with the principles and requirements of food safety laid down since 2002 in Regulation (EC) No. 178, thus paying greater attention to the analysis, assessment, and management of the risk of the entire production chain. The purpose of this work is to provide technical-legal elements to encourage a possible extension of the shelf-life of food products while ensuring the safety of consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/d3/ijfs-12-2-11325.PMC10316245.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9803137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary survey on the occurrence of microplastics in bivalve mollusks marketed in Apulian fish markets. 在阿普利亚鱼市场销售的双壳类软体动物中微塑料的初步调查。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10906
Nicoletta Cristiana Quaglia, Flavia Capuozzo, Edmondo Ceci, Stefania Cometa, Angela Di Pinto, Anna Mottola, Roberta Piredda, Angela Dambrosio

Microplastics (MPs) are a relevant threat to food safety because they are ingested by humans through various foods. Bivalves are at high risk of microplastic contamination due to their filter-feeding mechanism and pose a risk to consumers as they are ingested whole. In this work, microplastics were detected, quantified, identified, and classified in samples of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) marketed in the Apulia region. The total number of plastic debris was 789 particles in the mussel samples and 270 particles in the oyster samples, with size ranging from 10 to 7350 μm. Fragments with size within the category of 5-500 μm were the predominant findings in both species, with blue as the predominant color in mussels and transparent in oysters; most of the debris was polyamide and nylon polymers in the mussels and chlorinated polypropylene in the oysters. These results show that mussel and oyster samples purchased at fish markets are contaminated with microplastics. The sources may be diverse and further studies are needed to assess the impact of the marketing stage on microplastic contamination in bivalves to better define the human risk assessment associated with microplastic exposure from bivalves consumption.

微塑料(MPs)是对食品安全的相关威胁,因为它们通过各种食物被人类摄入。由于双壳类动物的滤食机制,它们受到微塑料污染的风险很高,并且当它们被整体摄入时对消费者构成风险。在这项工作中,对阿普利亚地区销售的贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)和牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)样品中的微塑料进行了检测、量化、鉴定和分类。贻贝样品中塑料碎片总数为789个,牡蛎样品中塑料碎片总数为270个,颗粒大小为10 ~ 7350 μm。大小在5-500 μm范围内的碎片在两个物种中都是主要的发现,贻贝以蓝色为主,牡蛎以透明为主;贻贝中的大部分碎片是聚酰胺和尼龙聚合物,牡蛎中的大部分碎片是氯化聚丙烯。这些结果表明,在鱼市购买的贻贝和牡蛎样本受到微塑料污染。来源可能是多种多样的,需要进一步的研究来评估销售阶段对双壳贝中微塑料污染的影响,以便更好地确定与食用双壳贝接触微塑料相关的人类风险评估。
{"title":"Preliminary survey on the occurrence of microplastics in bivalve mollusks marketed in Apulian fish markets.","authors":"Nicoletta Cristiana Quaglia,&nbsp;Flavia Capuozzo,&nbsp;Edmondo Ceci,&nbsp;Stefania Cometa,&nbsp;Angela Di Pinto,&nbsp;Anna Mottola,&nbsp;Roberta Piredda,&nbsp;Angela Dambrosio","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are a relevant threat to food safety because they are ingested by humans through various foods. Bivalves are at high risk of microplastic contamination due to their filter-feeding mechanism and pose a risk to consumers as they are ingested whole. In this work, microplastics were detected, quantified, identified, and classified in samples of mussels (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>) and oysters (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) marketed in the Apulia region. The total number of plastic debris was 789 particles in the mussel samples and 270 particles in the oyster samples, with size ranging from 10 to 7350 μm. Fragments with size within the category of 5-500 μm were the predominant findings in both species, with blue as the predominant color in mussels and transparent in oysters; most of the debris was polyamide and nylon polymers in the mussels and chlorinated polypropylene in the oysters. These results show that mussel and oyster samples purchased at fish markets are contaminated with microplastics. The sources may be diverse and further studies are needed to assess the impact of the marketing stage on microplastic contamination in bivalves to better define the human risk assessment associated with microplastic exposure from bivalves consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/b3/ijfs-12-2-10906.PMC10316275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Quality Index Method-based evaluation of sensory quality of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and its shelf-life determination. 基于质量指数法的红鲻鱼感官品质评价及保质期测定。
IF 1.3 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10927
Carlotta Lauteri, Gianluigi Ferri, Luca Pennisi

Every day the consumer must choose a food product rather than others based on its quality; for fishery products the main quality parameter is freshness. Implementation of the Quality Index Method (QIM) in the fish industry provides information on fish quality; therefore, it is important for effective quality and process management in the production of high-quality fish products. The present study aims to validate the shelflife study of fresh red mullet (Mullus barbatus) stored in ice previously presented by Özyurt in 2009 through Torry scheme in cooked filet and microbiological evaluation. Next, this revised scheme was applied to determine the shelf-life. It included seven descriptors and varies from 0 to 15 points. The use of a modified QIM scheme showed a good correlation between the quality index and days of storage time, with a R2 value of 0.9698. In fact, all the subjects examined reached the end of their commercial life, or the day of sensory rejection, in 9-10 days with a Quality Index of 13.83.

每天,消费者必须根据食品的质量来选择一种食品,而不是其他食品;对于水产品来说,主要的质量参数是新鲜度。在养鱼业实施质量指数法(QIM),提供有关鱼类品质的资料;因此,在高品质鱼产品的生产中,有效的质量和过程管理是非常重要的。本研究旨在通过Torry方案验证Özyurt于2009年提出的冰储鲜红鲻鱼(Mullus barbatus)熟鱼片的货架期研究和微生物学评价。然后,将修改后的方案应用于确定保质期。它包括7个描述符,从0到15分不等。采用改进的qm方案,品质指标与贮藏天数具有较好的相关性,R2值为0.9698。事实上,所有接受调查的受试者都在9-10天内达到了商业生命的终点,即感官拒绝的那一天,质量指数为13.83。
{"title":"A Quality Index Method-based evaluation of sensory quality of red mullet (<i>Mullus barbatus</i>) and its shelf-life determination.","authors":"Carlotta Lauteri,&nbsp;Gianluigi Ferri,&nbsp;Luca Pennisi","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every day the consumer must choose a food product rather than others based on its quality; for fishery products the main quality parameter is freshness. Implementation of the Quality Index Method (QIM) in the fish industry provides information on fish quality; therefore, it is important for effective quality and process management in the production of high-quality fish products. The present study aims to validate the shelflife study of fresh red mullet (<i>Mullus barbatus</i>) stored in ice previously presented by Özyurt in 2009 through Torry scheme in cooked filet and microbiological evaluation. Next, this revised scheme was applied to determine the shelf-life. It included seven descriptors and varies from 0 to 15 points. The use of a modified QIM scheme showed a good correlation between the quality index and days of storage time, with a R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9698. In fact, all the subjects examined reached the end of their commercial life, or the day of sensory rejection, in 9-10 days with a Quality Index of 13.83.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/51/ijfs-12-1-10927.PMC10102959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Italian Journal of Food Safety
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1