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Occurrence of potential plastic microfibers in mussels and anchovies sold for human consumption: Preliminary results. 在供人食用的贻贝和凤尾鱼中发现潜在的塑料微纤维:初步结果。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-22 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9962
Serena Santonicola, Michela Volgare, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, Raffaelina Mercogliano, Giampaolo Colavita

There is a global concern over the impact of microplastics on marine species and trophic webs. Microfibers commonly represent the greater portion of microplastics in the aquatic environment, but little is known about fiber uptake and accumulation by marine biota. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential plastic microfiber contamination in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from the Tyrrhenian Sea sold for human consumption. Anthropogenic debris was extracted from the digestive tracts of fish and the whole shellfish using a 10% KOH solution and quantified under a light microscope. The preliminary results showed the occurrence of potential plastic and natural microfibers in 73% of the samples. On average mussels contained 1.33 microfibers/g w.w. and 7.66 items/individual, while anchovies contained 9.06 microfibers/individual. Considering that mussels are consumed as a whole, and small pelagic fish, as anchovy, may be eaten without removing the gastrointestinal tract, microfiber contamination may lead to human exposure. More research is required to adequately assess the risk that microplastics, including microfibers, may pose for food safety and human health.

微塑料对海洋物种和营养网的影响引起了全球的关注。在水生环境中,微纤维通常占微塑料的大部分,但人们对海洋生物群对纤维的吸收和积累知之甚少。该研究的目的是调查第勒尼安海出售供人类食用的贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)和凤尾鱼(Engraulis encrasicolus)中潜在的塑料微纤维污染。用10% KOH溶液从鱼类和整个贝类的消化道中提取人为碎屑,并在光学显微镜下定量。初步结果表明,73%的样品中存在潜在的塑料和天然微纤维。贻贝的平均微纤维含量为1.33条/g w.w.,平均微纤维含量为7.66条/条,而凤尾鱼的平均微纤维含量为9.06条/条。考虑到贻贝是作为一个整体食用的,而小的远洋鱼类,如凤尾鱼,可能在不去除胃肠道的情况下食用,超纤维污染可能导致人类接触。需要进行更多的研究,以充分评估包括微纤维在内的微塑料可能对食品安全和人类健康构成的风险。
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引用次数: 6
Nigella sativa oil: A promising prospective antifungal agent in the manufacture of low-salt soft cheese. 黑皮油:在低盐软奶酪生产中具有良好前景的抗真菌剂。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9862
Eman F Abdel-Latif, Khaled A Abbas, Hani S Abdelmontaleb, Shaimaa M Hamdy

The current work studied the in-vivo antifungal activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in ultrafiltered low-salt soft cheese as a proposed replacement for the synthetic preservatives which become unacceptable by consumers. Four different concentrations of NSO were examined during the manufacture of the cheese (0.3, 0.5, 1, and 3 % w/w). The effect of NSO supplementation was examined in 3 parallel lines; a ninepoint hedonic scale was used in the sensorial evaluation of soft cheese free of the fungal inoculum, the physicochemical properties of soft cheese were determined during storage as well as anti-fungal effects of different concentrations of NSO on inoculated cheese with different species of fungi: Candida albicans (104 cfu/ml) and Aspergillus parasiticus (102 cfu/ml) before coagulation. The Nigella sativa oil expressed an antifungal activity by using different levels of NSO which significantly reduced and inhibited the growth of the fungal counts (1.4 log cfu/g for Candida albicans and 2.30 log cfu/g for Aspergillus parasiticus) started from 0.5% concentration of NSO on the 14th day of the storage. In addition, it exhibited different physicochemical properties of soft cheese depending on the level of used NSO. However, the Sensory evaluation of cheese samples revealed the acceptance of soft cheese samples with 0.3% and 0.5% of NSO.

本研究研究了黑草油(NSO)在超滤低盐软奶酪中的体内抗真菌活性,作为消费者无法接受的合成防腐剂的替代品。在奶酪生产过程中,检测了四种不同浓度的NSO(0.3、0.5、1和3% w/w)。在3条平行线上检测NSO补充的效果;采用九分快感评分法对未接种真菌的软质奶酪进行感官评价,测定了软质奶酪在贮藏过程中的理化性质,并测定了不同浓度的NSO对接种白色念珠菌(104 cfu/ml)和寄生曲霉(102 cfu/ml)的软质奶酪凝固前的抑菌效果。不同浓度的NSO对黑油的抑菌活性均有显著降低和抑制作用,在贮藏第14天,NSO浓度为0.5%时,黑油的真菌数量(白色念珠菌为1.4 log cfu/g,寄生曲霉为2.30 log cfu/g)显著降低和抑制了黑油的真菌生长。此外,NSO的使用水平不同,软质奶酪的理化性质也不同。然而,奶酪样品的感官评价显示,含0.3%和0.5% NSO的软奶酪样品可以接受。
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引用次数: 3
Microplastics in vacuum packages of frozen and glazed icefish (Neosalanx spp.): A freshwater fish intended for human consumption. 冷冻和上釉冰鱼真空包装中的微塑料:一种供人类食用的淡水鱼。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9974
Graziella Ziino, Luca Nalbone, Filippo Giarratana, Beatrice Romano, Fabrizio Cincotta, Antonio Panebianco

It is widely accepted that human is exposed to microplastics through food consumption, however data occurrence in foodstuffs are still little and basically limited to seafood. In this study, the presence of microplastics was investigated in icefish (Neosalanx spp.) samples sourced from various mass-market retailers in Italy, supplied as frozen, glazed and vacuum-packed product. Icefish is a small freshwater fish widely imported in Europe from China as surrogate of other fish species subjected to commercial restriction, consumed whole after cooking in several culinary preparation. The samples (~10 g of icefish from each of the 40 packs tested) were digested using a solution of 10% potassium hydroxide and filtered through a 5 μm pore-size filter. Filters of the samples were observed under a stereomicroscope and the chemical composition of the items detected were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. A total of 163 items were counted in 37 (92.5%) samples with a mean value of 0.42±0.28 items/g w.w. Fibers were the most detected morphotype and several plastic polymers, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene, were identified by FT-IR analysis. As store-bought samples, the sources of microplastics could be substantially related to contamination during food processing. However, an intravital exposure to microplastics present in the surroundings waters cannot be ruled out. More foodstuffs need to be investigated for microplastic presence. In this study, microplastic occurrence was reported in freshwater biota intended for human consumption sampled directly from supermarket contributing to the risk assessment of human exposure to microplastics via food consumption.

人们普遍认为,人类是通过食物接触到微塑料的,但在食品中的数据仍然很少,基本上仅限于海产品。在这项研究中,研究人员调查了来自意大利各种大众市场零售商的冰鱼(Neosalanx spp.)样品中微塑料的存在,这些样品以冷冻、上釉和真空包装的形式供应。冰鱼是欧洲从中国广泛进口的一种小型淡水鱼,作为受商业限制的其他鱼类的替代品,经几种烹饪方法烹调后整条食用。用10%氢氧化钾溶液消化样品(每包约10克),并通过孔径为5 μm的过滤器过滤。在体视显微镜下观察了样品的过滤,并用红外光谱分析了被检物的化学成分。37份样品共检测163个项目(92.5%),平均值为0.42±0.28个项目/g w.w w。纤维是检测最多的形态,聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚苯乙烯等几种塑料聚合物通过FT-IR分析被鉴定出来。作为商店购买的样品,微塑料的来源可能与食品加工过程中的污染有很大关系。然而,不能排除生命接触周围水域中存在的微塑料的可能性。需要对更多的食品进行微塑料调查。在本研究中,报告了从超市直接取样供人类食用的淡水生物群中出现微塑料的情况,有助于对人类通过食物摄入接触微塑料的风险进行评估。
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引用次数: 6
Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method to assess bisphenol F levels in milk. 开发评估牛奶中双酚 F 含量的高效液相色谱法。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-13 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9975
Serena Santonicola, Maria Carmela Ferrante, Giampaolo Colavita, Raffaelina Mercogliano

Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A (BPA) analogue. As an endocrine disruptor, BPF shows a similar BPA hormonal activity and greater endocrine effects. To assess BPF levels in milk a selective method based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile, solid-phase extraction (SPE), high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system, was developed. The method showed high recovery values (from 97.60 to 107.16%), and good detection and quantification limits (LOD=0.03 μg/L; LOQ=0.1 μg/L). To validate the analytical method, quantitative analyses of n.20 milk samples of whole milk were preliminarily carried out applying a monitoring system based on the control of different stages of pasteurized whole milk processing at a dairy company. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and might be suitable to detect BPF residues in milk processing. At the dairy company, the occurrence of BPF levels ranging from

双酚 F(BPF)是双酚 A(BPA)的类似物。作为一种内分泌干扰物,BPF 表现出与双酚 A 相似的激素活性和更大的内分泌影响。为了评估牛奶中的 BPF 含量,我们开发了一种基于乙腈溶剂萃取、固相萃取 (SPE)、高效液相色谱-荧光检测 (HPLC-FD) 系统的选择性方法。该方法回收率高(97.60%-107.16%),检出限和定量限良好(LOD=0.03 μg/L;LOQ=0.1 μg/L)。为了验证该分析方法的有效性,在一家乳品公司对巴氏杀菌全脂牛奶加工的不同阶段进行控制的基础上,应用监测系统对n.20个全脂牛奶样品进行了初步定量分析。所建议的方法简单、灵敏,可能适用于检测牛奶加工过程中的 BPF 残留。在该乳品公司,BPF 含量范围为
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in seafood. 海产品中出现副溶血性弧菌及金黄色葡萄球菌。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-03 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.10027
Deyan Stratev, Todor Stoyanchev, Desislava Bangieva

The objective of this study was to establish the occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in several species of sea fish and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The study included a total of 33 samples of frozen sea fish and 64 samples of fresh wild and farmed mussels purchased from the stores. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated and confirmed via PCR in 2 (6%) fish samples (Atlantic cod and Alaska pollock) and 20 (31%) mussel samples. S. aureus was also isolated and confirmed via PCR in 2 (6%) fish samples (Argentine hake and Atlantic cod). Significant differences were found in the total bacterial contamination between wild mussels (6.54 log cfu/g) and farmed mussels (6.69 log cfu/g). Total V. parahaemolyticus count did not show significant differences either between wild (4.45 log cfu/g) and farmed mussels (4.99 log cfu/g). In wild mussels the S. aureus count was found to be 4.50 log cfu/g, while in farmed mussels it was 3.14 log cfu/g. The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus in fish and mussels presents a risk to the consumer's health.

本研究的目的是确定几种海鱼和贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)中副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的发生。该研究共包括33个冷冻海鱼样本和64个从商店购买的新鲜野生和养殖贻贝样本。从2份鱼类样本(大西洋鳕鱼和阿拉斯加鳕鱼)和20份贻贝样本(31%)中分离得到副溶血性弧菌。在2份(6%)鱼类样本(阿根廷鳕鱼和大西洋鳕鱼)中也分离到金黄色葡萄球菌并经PCR证实。野生贻贝和养殖贻贝的细菌污染总量(6.54 log cfu/g)差异显著(6.69 log cfu/g)。野生贻贝(4.45 log cfu/g)和养殖贻贝(4.99 log cfu/g)的副溶血性弧菌总数差异不显著。野生贻贝的金黄色葡萄球菌计数为4.50 log cfu/g,而养殖贻贝的金黄色葡萄球菌计数为3.14 log cfu/g。鱼类和贻贝中出现的副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对消费者的健康构成威胁。
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引用次数: 6
Food chain information systems in medium- and smallsized slaughterhouses of central Italy and organ and carcass condemnations: A five-year survey. 意大利中部中小型屠宰场的食物链信息系统与器官和胴体谴责:一项为期五年的调查。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 eCollection Date: 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9833
David Ranucci, Loredana Di Giacomo, Raggi Martina, Raffella Branciari, Dino Miraglia, Stefano Rea, Roberta Stocchi, Alessandro Di Cerbo, Rossana Roila, Luca Budelli, Luca Fortugno, Antonio D Innocenzo, Fausto Cambiotti, Manlio Del Zoppo, Elvio Capecci, Antonio Angellotti, Ezio Ferretti, Anna Rita Loschi

The flow of information between farms and slaughterhouses about animal health, is a fundamental process for modern meat inspection. The information provided by Food Chain Information (FCI) systems in medium-small sized slaughterhouses in central Italy, focusing on the data provided on the animal's health status, was performed through a five-year survey together with the number of organ and carcass condemnation for bovine, swine and ovine. The annual prevalence of condemnation was higher in bovine (from 10.49% in 2015 to 17.16% in 2019) than swine (from 6.39% in 2015 to 12.64% in 2019) and ovine (from 8.05% in 2019 to 8.98% in 2017), and an overall prevalence increase was observed in bovine and swine, throughout the years. The frequent lack of Food Chain Information (FCI) from farms to slaughterhouses should be emphasised, taking into consideration that a poor implementation of the system by farmers, could lead to a persistent risk of disease at farm level for these two species.

农场和屠宰场之间有关动物健康的信息流是现代肉类检验的基本流程。意大利中部中小型屠宰场的食品链信息(FCI)系统提供的信息,重点是有关动物健康状况的数据,是通过一项为期五年的调查以及牛、猪和绵羊的器官和胴体报废数量来实现的。牛(从 2015 年的 10.49% 增加到 2019 年的 17.16%)的年屠宰率高于猪(从 2015 年的 6.39% 增加到 2019 年的 12.64%)和绵羊(从 2019 年的 8.05% 增加到 2017 年的 8.98%),牛和猪的年屠宰率总体呈上升趋势。应当强调的是,从农场到屠宰场之间经常缺乏食品链信息(FCI),考虑到农民对该系统的执行不力,可能会导致这两个物种在农场一级的疾病风险持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers at kitchen premises in the Port 'X' area, North Jakarta, Indonesia 2018. 2018年印度尼西亚北雅加达 "X "港地区厨房场所食品处理人员的食品安全知识、态度和做法。
IF 1.8 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9215
Muharnis Supriyani Putri, Dewi Susanna

Improper food handling can be a major cause of food contamination. To prevent food contamination, the food handler should have good knowledge, display a positive attitude, and practice proper food handling practices. This study aimed to evaluate the food safety and personal hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers at kitchen premises in the Port 'X' area in North Jakarta, Indonesia. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in April 2018 and May 2018. Data were collected from 72 food handlers from kitchens located in the Port 'X' area in North Jakarta. Data collection was performed through interviews and observations, using questionnaires and checklists as research instruments. The results show a significant correlation between the level of knowledge about food safety and the attitude of food handlers (p=0.01), and attitude scores were significantly higher among food handlers who reported attending a previous food safety training course (p=0.002) with (r=0.302) it means a weak uphill (positive) linear relationship attitude scores and training that food handlers attended. This study found a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude of food handlers, but there was no significant relationship between knowledge or attitude and food handling practices. Thus, it is recommended that training activities for food handlers be held regularly, as the food safety knowledge obtained from training or courses can translate into the improvement of attitudes and food handling practices.

食物处理不当是造成食物污染的主要原因。为防止食品污染,食品处理人员应具备良好的知识、积极的态度和正确的食品处理方法。本研究旨在评估印尼雅加达北部 "X "港地区厨房场所食品处理人员的食品安全和个人卫生知识、态度和做法。本研究采用横截面设计。研究于 2018 年 4 月和 2018 年 5 月进行。研究人员从位于北雅加达'X'港地区厨房的 72 名食品处理人员处收集了数据。数据收集通过访谈和观察进行,使用问卷和检查表作为研究工具。结果表明,食品从业人员的食品安全知识水平与态度之间存在明显的相关性(p=0.01),报告参加过食品安全培训课程的食品从业人员的态度得分明显更高(p=0.002),(r=0.302)这意味着态度得分与食品从业人员参加过的培训之间存在微弱的上坡(正)线性关系。本研究发现,食品处理人员的知识和态度之间存在显著关系,但知识或态度与食品处理实践之间没有显著关系。因此,建议定期为食物处理人员举办培训活动,因为从培训或课程中获得的食品安全知识可转化为态度和食物处理方法的改善。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria (2015-2020): A systematic review. 尼日利亚与食品和饮料相关的多重耐药细菌流行情况(2015-2020年):一项系统综述
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9417
Iyanuoluwa Mola, Adeola Onibokun, Solomon Oranusi
<p><p>Foods are essential vehicles in human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria which serve as reservoirs for resistance genes and a rising food safety concern. Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally and poses a serious concern to human health. This study was designed to synthesize data regarding the prevalence of MDR bacteria associated with foods and drinks sold within Nigeria in order to contribute to the existing findings in this area. A comprehensive literature search on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020 was conducted using three databases; PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. After screening and selection, 26 out of 82 articles were used for the qualitative data synthesis. Of the total of one thousand three hundred and twenty-six MDR bacteria reportedly isolated in all twenty-six articles, the highest prevalence (660) was observed in drinks, including water, while the lowest (20) was observed in the article which combined results for both protein and vegetable-based foods. <i>Escherichia sp.</i> had the most frequency of occurrence, appearing as MDR bacteria in ten out of the twenty-six articles. <i>Salmonella sp.</i> appeared as MDR in seven out of the twenty-six articles included in this study, in all seven articles where it was reported, it had the highest percentage (85.4%) prevalence as MDR bacteria. Public health personnel need to ensure critical control during the production and handling of foods and drinks, as well as create more awareness on proper hygienic practices to combat the spread of MDR bacteria becoming a growing food safety issue (Zurfluh <i>et al</i>., 2019; Mesbah <i>et al</i>., 2017; Campos <i>et al</i>., 2019). Foods can be contaminated by different means, including exposure to irrigation water, manure, feces or soil with pathogenic bacteria. Foods can also become contaminated as they are harvested, handled after harvest or during processing if food safety standards are not correctly applied (Meshbah <i>et al</i>., 2017). Food-borne diseases caused by resistant organisms are one of the most important public health problems as they contribute to the risk of development of antibiotic resistance in the food production chain (Hehempour-Baltork <i>et al</i>., 2019). Apart from pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne diseases, foods that are raw or not processed following standard procedures can introduce several antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to consumers (Gekemidis <i>et al</i>., 2018). Antibiotic resistance, though harbored in non-pathogenic bacteria, can potentially be spread through horizontal gene transfer to other species including opportunistic pathogens that are present in the environment or after consumption of ARB-contaminated foods. When ARB-contaminated foods are consumed, the spread of antibiotic resistant genes may affect the gut microbiome thereby contributing to the p
食物是人类接触耐抗生素细菌的重要载体,耐抗生素细菌是耐药基因的储存库,也是日益引起人们关注的食品安全问题。抗菌素耐药性,包括多药耐药(MDR),是一个日益严重的全球性问题,对人类健康构成严重关切。本研究旨在综合与尼日利亚境内销售的食品和饮料相关的耐多药细菌流行率的数据,以便对该领域的现有发现作出贡献。利用三个数据库对2015年至2020年尼日利亚与食品和饮料相关的多重耐药细菌流行情况进行了全面的文献检索;PubMed, Science Direct和Scopus。经过筛选和选择,从82篇文章中选取26篇进行定性数据综合。据报道,在所有26篇文章中分离出的总共1326种耐多药细菌中,包括水在内的饮料中观察到的患病率最高(660),而在蛋白质和蔬菜类食品中观察到的患病率最低(20)。埃希氏杆菌的出现频率最高,在26篇文章中有10篇以耐多药细菌的形式出现。在纳入本研究的26篇文章中,沙门氏菌以耐多药形式出现在7篇文章中,在所有报道的7篇文章中,沙门氏菌以耐多药细菌的形式出现的比例最高(85.4%)。公共卫生人员需要确保在食品和饮料的生产和处理过程中进行关键控制,并提高对适当卫生习惯的认识,以防止耐多药细菌的传播成为日益严重的食品安全问题(Zurfluh等人,2019;Mesbah et al., 2017;Campos et al., 2019)。食品可以通过不同的方式受到污染,包括接触灌溉水、粪便、粪便或带有致病菌的土壤。如果没有正确执行食品安全标准,食品也可能在收获、收获后处理或加工过程中受到污染(Meshbah等人,2017)。由耐药生物引起的食源性疾病是最重要的公共卫生问题之一,因为它们会增加食品生产链中产生抗生素耐药性的风险(Hehempour-Baltork等人,2019)。除了引起食源性疾病的致病菌外,未经加工或未按照标准程序加工的食品还可能向消费者引入几种耐抗生素细菌(Gekemidis等人,2018)。抗生素耐药性虽然存在于非致病性细菌中,但可能通过水平基因转移传播给其他物种,包括存在于环境中或食用受arb污染的食品后的机会性病原体。当食用受arb污染的食物时,抗生素耐药基因的传播可能会影响肠道微生物群,从而导致人类肠道中抗生素耐药基因(ARG)的增加(Gekemidis等人,2018)。耐多药细菌被定义为对三种或三种以上抗菌素类别中至少一种抗菌素具有耐药性的细菌(Sweeny等人,2018)。从人类食用的食物中分离出的病原体的耐药性有所增加,大肠杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌被认为是最重要的病原体,因为它们能够影响耐药基因的人畜共患转移(Canton等人,2018;Maneilla-Becerra et al., 2019)。然而,其他病原体,如弧菌、某些种类的气单胞菌、F型肉毒梭菌孢子和弯曲杆菌,与食用海鲜或其他动物性食品的人类的食源性疾病有关(Maneilla-Becerra等人,2019)。与食品相关的其他一些耐药细菌包括金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌和志贺氏菌(Maneilla-Becerra等人,2019)。因此,本研究旨在综合尼日利亚境内销售的食品和饮料相关耐多药细菌流行情况的数据(2015-2020年),以便为该领域的现有发现做出贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in veal tartare. 单核增生李斯特菌在小牛肉中的生长潜力。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-05 eCollection Date: 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9419
Simone Stella, Cristian Bernardi, Erica Tirloni

In the present study the growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in veal tartare was evaluated. A challenge test was performed on three tartare batches at 8°C, aiming to evaluate the growth potential of the pathogen. The data indicated the absence of a significant growth (δ<0.5 log cfu/g) during the entire period. When considering intermediate sampling times, an increase of 0.56 log cfu/g was detected after five days of storage in one of the batches. Microflora of veal tartare was dominated by lactic acid bacteria, that increased gradually during the trial, reaching counts up to 7 Log CFU/g in two of the three batches considered. Spoilage bacteria were present (especially Pseudomonas spp., yeasts and Enterobacteriaceae) but in very low counts and with a limited increase during the period considered. Finally, daily maximum tolerable L. monocytogenes counts were calculated to highlight the maximum acceptable load to avoid the overcoming of the legal limit of 100 CFU/g: a total increase of 0.95 log cfu/g in 12 days of shelf-life was estimated, obtaining a "safety initial concentration" at t0 of 10 CFU/g of the pathogen.

本研究对单核细胞增生李斯特菌在小牛肉中的生长潜力进行了评价。在8℃条件下对3批酒石进行攻毒试验,以评价病原菌的生长潜力。数据表明,没有显著的增长(δ假单胞菌、酵母和肠杆菌科),但数量非常低,在考虑的期间内增长有限。最后,计算每日最大耐受单核细胞增生乳杆菌数量,以突出最大可接受负荷,以避免超过100 CFU/g的法定限制:估计在12天的保质期内总增加0.95 log CFU/g,获得10 CFU/g的“安全初始浓度”。
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引用次数: 0
Screening of antibiotic residues in raw milk of cows and buffalos by diffusion assays. 用扩散法筛选奶牛和水牛原料奶中抗生素残留。
IF 1.3 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-05 eCollection Date: 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9034
Dhary Alewy Almashhadany

Although antibiotics are valuable drugs for treatment of certain infections, their presence in foodstuff derived from animals is a potential public health hazard. They pose a serious threat as they are implicated in direct toxicity; allergic reactions; disturbance of the normal gut microbiota, carcinogenesis, and emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria. This study investigated the occurrence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples derived from cows and buffaloes. Samples were collected randomly from different retail outlets in Erbil city (Iraq) from January 1st to June 30th, 2019. The residues were detected by two diffusion assays against Bacillus subtilis bacteria on agar plates. The total occurrence of residues ranged from 11.9% to 13.4% of screened milk samples. No significant differences were found between milk type or location of animal rearing (urban or suburban). Regarding the seasonal variations, spring was found to be associated with gradual decrease in antibiotic residues levels in milk. Such occurrence rate of residues is alarming and require authorities to observe the quality of raw milk introduced to markets for consumption. Further evaluation of antibiotic stability period in raw milk is also necessary.

虽然抗生素是治疗某些感染的宝贵药物,但它们存在于动物性食品中是一种潜在的公共卫生危害。它们构成严重威胁,因为它们与直接毒性有关;过敏反应;正常肠道菌群紊乱、癌变和耐药菌的出现。本研究调查了奶牛和水牛原料奶样品中抗生素残留的情况。样本于2019年1月1日至6月30日在伊拉克埃尔比勒市的不同零售网点随机采集。在琼脂平板上对枯草芽孢杆菌进行两次扩散检测。在筛选的牛奶样本中,残留物的总发生率从11.9%到13.4%不等。乳汁种类和饲养地点(城市和郊区)之间无显著差异。关于季节变化,发现春季与牛奶中抗生素残留水平逐渐下降有关。这样的残留发生率令人震惊,需要当局对进入市场消费的原料奶的质量进行监督。对原料奶中抗生素稳定期的进一步评价也是必要的。
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引用次数: 2
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Italian Journal of Food Safety
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