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Effect of Soaking Coffee (Coffea arabica) Cherries on Biochemical Composition and Cup Quality of Coffee Brew 泡咖啡(阿拉比卡咖啡)樱桃对咖啡生化成分及杯品质的影响
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106021418
Pauline W. Ikumi, R. Koskei, D. Njoroge, C. Kathurima
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引用次数: 1
Floral Diversity of Common Flora in Kolleru Lake A.P 科勒鲁湖常见植物区系的植物多样性
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106030111
P. Brahmajirao, V. R.G.
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引用次数: 1
Best Practices for Sustaining Agriculture: Integrating Indigenous and Modern Methods of Soil Fertility Management Inbeed District 可持续农业的最佳实践:整合当地和现代土壤肥力管理方法
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105044952
S. Hashmi, Q. Saleem
Steady declining of soil productivity aggravated by diminishing per capita holdings of arable land poses a severe threat to sustainability of agricultural production and livelihoods for the majority ofthe farming population inbeed district. Farming mechanism and strategies in Beedn agriculture is mainly focus on technological transfer which put loose attention to local soil fertility managementpractices. Thus, aggregately, less production is being achieved. Hence, the only use of modern science in diverse agro-ecological zone of farming area and complex socio-economic conditions of the people has failed to ensure sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, across the world however, there is significant recognition of the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in many development dimensions which is not exceptional to soil fertility management. However, in Beed the absence of effective linkage between IK and modern science in land management in general and soil in particular is themost probable problems that hinder the effectiveness of the development of agriculture. Therefore,the attempt of this paper work was to assess the integration of indigenous and modern methods ofsoil fertility management measures and prominent challenges in sustaining agriculture at rural Beed. 142 household farmers were randomly selected using simple random sampling procedure. Questionnaire surveys, key informant interview and observation checklist were data gathering tools used. As the finding, the use of chemical fertilizer was not only lesser but also far below what is normally recommended per hectare. This was due to a number of inconveniences (i.e., wealth difference, high price of farm inputs, in sufficient credit, and untimely supply of the fertilizer), and therefore, retarded the practices for ensuring food security. There is integration of the two bodies of knowledge. Lack of adequate and organized trainings for farmers, limited input, fragmented land holdings, technical failure, and deficiency of the farmer-extension services are the major constraints in linking the two bodies of knowledge.
人均可耕地面积的减少加剧了土壤生产力的持续下降,对农业生产的可持续性和农业人口的生计构成严重威胁。Beedn农业的耕作机制和策略主要侧重于技术转让,而对当地土壤肥力管理实践的重视程度较低。因此,总的来说,产量减少了。因此,仅将现代科学应用于农区多样化的农业生态区和人民复杂的社会经济条件,并不能确保农业的可持续发展。然而,如今,在世界各地,土著知识在许多发展方面的作用得到了极大的认识,这在土壤肥力管理方面并不例外。然而,在Beed,在土地管理,特别是土壤管理方面缺乏知识和现代科学之间的有效联系,这是最有可能阻碍农业有效发展的问题。因此,本文旨在评估毕德市农村土壤肥力管理措施的本土与现代方法的整合,以及维持农业的突出挑战。采用简单随机抽样方法随机选择142名家庭农民。采用问卷调查、关键知情者访谈和观察表进行数据收集。根据调查结果,化肥的使用量不仅较少,而且远远低于每公顷通常建议的用量。这是由于一些不便(即贫富差距,农业投入价格高,信贷不足,化肥供应不及时),因此,阻碍了确保粮食安全的做法。这是两种知识体系的整合。对农民缺乏适当和有组织的培训、投入有限、土地所有权分散、技术失败和农民推广服务不足是连接这两个知识体系的主要制约因素。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution of components of Green Supply Chain Migration strategies in Green Supply Chain Performance measurement-A Pilot Empirical Study of the Indian Automobile Manufacturing Sector 绿色供应链迁移策略组成部分对绿色供应链绩效衡量的贡献——以印度汽车制造业为例的试点实证研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106025055
M. A. Gandhi
This paper is one of the several extensions of the research works done by [5]. Green Supply Chain Practices have been known to have an impact on Green Supply Chain Performance [5].This paper tests empirically through a pilot study of the Indian Automobile Manufacturing Sector, the contribution of the five variables constituting the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies in Green Supply Chain Performance measurement. Also the paper establishes the reliability of the questionnaire instrument developed previously for measuring the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies and also for measuring the five variables that constitute the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies. Further the paper establishes the correlation among these five variables. Finally this paper conducts Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to arrive at a single factor (linear combination of five variables constituting the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies) to aid in measuring the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies. Finally the paper establishes the order of contribution of the five variables constituting the construct Green Supply Chain Migration strategies.
本文是b[5]研究工作的几项延伸之一。众所周知,绿色供应链实践对绿色供应链绩效有影响。本文通过对印度汽车制造业的试点研究,实证检验了构成构建绿色供应链迁移策略的五个变量在绿色供应链绩效度量中的贡献。此外,本文还建立了先前开发的用于测量构建绿色供应链迁移策略的问卷调查工具的可靠性,并用于测量构成构建绿色供应链迁移策略的五个变量。进一步建立了这五个变量之间的相关性。最后,本文通过验证性因子分析(CFA)得到一个单一因素(构成绿色供应链迁移战略的五个变量的线性组合),以帮助衡量绿色供应链迁移战略的构建。最后,本文建立了构建绿色供应链迁移战略的五个变量的贡献顺序。
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引用次数: 1
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia Kola and Allium Sativum against Some Respiratory Pathogens: Alternative Antimicrobials? 藤黄和葱乙醇和水提物对呼吸道病原菌的抑菌活性:替代抗菌剂?
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106031619
M. Ohanu, Jerome U. Nduka, C. Otuu, N. ShuElvis, Ikechukwu S. Nkechinyere
The evolution of resistant respiratory pathogens against conventional antibiotics is of public health concern. The development of plant-based antimicrobials will stem the tide of resistant microbial proliferation. This study brought forth the case of microbial activity of Garcinia kola and alium sativa ethanol and aqueous extracts. These plant products are chewed in Africa and beyond, against mainly respiratory infections. The respiratory organisms involved in this study were (Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Methods Punch hole agar diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of ethanol and water extracts of G. kola and A. sativum after obtaining pure cultures of the bacterial pathogens. Results The combination of A.sativum and G.kola ethanol extracts showed statistically significant (p <0.0001) antibacterial activity to all the organisms different from that of G.kola and A.sativum extracts individually (using student t test). There was statistically significant effect (p<0.0001 for each) against S. pneumoniae and S pyogenes in particular with 43mm, and 40mm, mean inhibitory zones respectively, and against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P aeruginosa with 24mm, 20mm, 18mm and 16mm mean inhibitory diameters respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the combined extracts was statistically significant when compared to single extracts for all the organisms except E coli, S pyogenes and K. pneumoniea. Conclusion: The combinations of G. kola and A. sativum have strong antimicrobial effect and were effective against susceptible organisms causing upper respiratory tract infections.
呼吸道病原体对常规抗生素的耐药性演变是一个公共卫生问题。基于植物的抗菌剂的发展将阻止耐药微生物增殖的浪潮。本文研究了藤黄、苜蓿乙醇提取物和水提取物的微生物活性。在非洲和其他地方,人们咀嚼这些植物产品,主要是为了预防呼吸道感染。本研究涉及的呼吸道微生物有(金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌)。方法采用冲孔琼脂扩散法,在获得病原菌纯培养物的基础上,对可乐菌和苜蓿乙醇提取物和水提取物的抑菌活性进行研究。结果芥蓝和芥蓝乙醇提取物联合使用对所有微生物的抑菌活性差异有统计学意义(p <0.0001),且芥蓝和芥蓝提取物单独使用抑菌活性差异有统计学意义(学生t检验)。其中对肺炎链球菌和化脓性链球菌的平均抑制直径分别为43mm和40mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的平均抑制直径分别为24mm、20mm、18mm和16mm,效果均有统计学意义(p<0.0001)。除大肠杆菌、化脓性链球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌外,联合提取物的最低抑菌浓度与单一提取物相比具有统计学意义。结论:可拉菌与芥蓝联合使用具有较强的抗菌作用,对引起上呼吸道感染的敏感菌有较好的抗菌效果。
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引用次数: 0
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water, Sediment and Various Species of Fish from Komadugu River Basin, Yobe State, Nigeria. 尼日利亚约贝州Komadugu河流域水、沉积物和各种鱼类中的有机氯农药残留
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106021930
Z. Mohammed, J. Akan, Shamsu Ahmad, A. Hassan
Water, sediment and fish (Clariasanguillaris, Tilapia zilli, Synodontisbudgetti and Heterotisniloticus) samples from Komadugu river basin of Yobe State, Nigeria were collected on seasonal basis (rainy, dry seasons and harmattan period) for the determination of the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). Extraction and clean-up of water, sediment and fish samples for OCPs was carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of all the OCPs in water, sediment fish samples were determined using GC/MS SHIMADZU (Agilent 7890A).The total concentration of OCPs in water samples from the study area ranged from 6.70E-01 μg/L to 2.55E+00 μg/L. The concentrations of OCPs in the different species of fish samples ranged from2.00E-02 to 1.42E+00 mg/kg. Alderin shows the highest concentration (1.42E+00 mg/kg)during the rainy season. The total OCPs (7.26E+00mg/kg)was obtained during the rainy season, while the lowest concentration of 5.68E+00 mg/kg was recorded during the dry season.The concentrations of OCPs residues in sediment samples studied ranged from 1.03E+00 to 1.20E+01 mg/kg, with dieldrin showing the highest total concentration of 1.20E+01 mg/kg during the rainy season. Dieldrin was the most abundant pesticide residues in the studied water, sediment and fish samples. The highest levels of all the studied pesticides were observed during the rainy season when compared to harmattan period and the dry season. This study revealed that pesticide residues levels in the fish samples studied were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable dietary intake (ADI) and could be an important process of transferring pesticides to humans.
在尼日利亚约贝州的Komadugu河流域,按季节(雨季、旱季和旱季)收集了水、沉积物和鱼类(Clariasanguillaris、罗非鱼zilli、synodontisbudobtti和Heterotisniloticus)样本,以测定有机氯农药残留(OCPs)水平。使用标准程序提取和清理ocp的水、沉积物和鱼类样本。采用GC/MS SHIMADZU (Agilent 7890A)测定水体、沉积物鱼类样品中所有OCPs的浓度。研究区水样中OCPs总浓度在6.70E-01 ~ 2.55E+00 μg/L之间。不同鱼类样品中OCPs的浓度范围为2.00 e -02 ~ 1.42E+00 mg/kg。Alderin在雨季浓度最高(1.42E+00 mg/kg)。雨季总OCPs为7.26E+00mg/kg,旱季最低,为5.68E+00 mg/kg。研究的沉积物样品中OCPs残留浓度范围为1.03E+00 ~ 1.20E+01 mg/kg,其中狄氏剂在雨季的总浓度最高,为1.20E+01 mg/kg。在研究的水、沉积物和鱼样品中,狄氏剂是残留量最多的农药。与旱季和哈马丹期相比,雨季的农药残留量最高。本研究表明,所研究的鱼类样本中的农药残留水平高于最大残留限量(MRLs)和可接受膳食摄入量(ADI),可能是农药转移到人类的重要过程。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Different Fermentation Methods on Physicochemical Composition and Sensory Quality of Coffee (Coffea arabica) 不同发酵方式对阿拉比卡咖啡理化成分及感官品质的影响
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106023136
B. Mugendi, Ann W. Kinyua, R. Kipkorir, C. Kathurima
Fermentation of coffee beans is primarily done to remove mucilage and can be done using two methods; dry and wet fermentation methods. This research aimed at determining the effect of different fermentation methods on physicochemical composition and the sensory quality of coffee. Coffee cherries were pulped and subjected to natural fermentation methods in different fermentation containers; plastic bucket, sack and cement tank. After fermentation, the parchment were washed and dried. The green coffee beans were evaluated for physicochemical composition and sensory attributes. The results showed that different fermentation methods did not have significant variations in most of the physico-chemical parameters analysed. However, significant variations were observed in the levels of pH with the wet fermented coffee samples showing lower levels as compared to dry fermented samples. Sensory evaluation results showed that wet fermented coffee samples had better colour of green beans, least silver skin discoloration and overall quality compared to dry fermented coffee samples. There were no significant differences in the body, acidity, colour, flavour and overall class among the coffee samples fermented using different containers. Hence different containers used during fermentation do not affect coffee quality and processors can adopt materials that are cheaper to reduce expenses during coffee processing.
咖啡豆的发酵主要是为了去除粘液,可以用两种方法来完成;干法和湿法发酵。本研究旨在确定不同发酵方式对咖啡理化成分及感官品质的影响。将咖啡樱桃打浆,在不同的发酵容器中进行自然发酵;塑料桶、麻袋、水泥罐。发酵后,将羊皮纸洗净晾干。对生咖啡豆的理化成分和感官属性进行了评价。结果表明,不同的发酵方式对所分析的大部分理化参数没有显著的影响。然而,在pH值水平上观察到显著的变化,与干发酵样品相比,湿发酵咖啡样品的pH值较低。感官评价结果表明,湿法发酵咖啡样品的青豆色泽较好,银皮变色最小,整体品质较干法发酵咖啡样品好。使用不同容器发酵的咖啡样品在口感、酸度、颜色、味道和整体类别上没有显著差异。因此,在发酵过程中使用不同的容器不会影响咖啡的质量,加工商可以采用更便宜的材料来减少咖啡加工过程中的费用。
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引用次数: 8
Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) Reduction Program by Reuse GT Battery in PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar 再利用GT电池减少有害和有毒废物(B3)计划
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106029497
Endrik Purbo Yunastyo, A. Apriyanto, A. Asmoro, K. Gunawan, T. R. Biyanto
Battery is one of the toxic and hazardous materials. Used batteries are one of hazardous and toxic waste because it contain mercury, manganese, lead, cadmium, nickel and lithium which are harmful to the environment and human health. Battery waste shouldnt be disposed of in public landfills because it will pollute the soil, and groundwater. PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar have various innovative efforts to reduce hazardous and toxic waste generation, one of them with the reuse of ex GT batteries. This is done as commitment PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar maintain nature conservation through reuse battery ex GT. PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar implement some programs such as Marsela, Eco Utility and Fasum Mandiri Energi to reduce hazardous and toxic waste especially the battery produced. The hazardous and toxic waste reduction program by applying the ex-battery reuse shows significant results on waste reduction. This can be seen from the percentage of reuse of ex GT battery which reaches 61.8% and the cost savings of 5,959 thousand rupiahs during 2013-June 2016.
电池是有毒有害物质之一。废旧电池是一种危险和有毒的废物,因为它含有汞、锰、铅、镉、镍和锂,对环境和人体健康有害。电池废料不应弃置在公共堆填区,因为它会污染土壤和地下水。Muara Tawar在减少有害和有毒废物产生方面做出了各种创新努力,其中之一是再利用前GT电池。PJB UP Muara Tawar通过重复使用GT电池来维护自然保护。PJB UP Muara Tawar实施了一些项目,如Marsela, Eco Utility和Fasum Mandiri Energi,以减少危险和有毒废物,特别是产生的电池。利用电池前回收利用的有害和有毒废物减量项目在减少废物方面取得了显著的效果。这可以从2013年至2016年6月期间ex GT电池的再利用率达到61.8%,节省成本5,95.9万卢比看出。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Lactobacilli Isolated From Four Different Sources 四种不同来源乳酸菌的分离鉴定
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1106012428
L. James
Lactobacilli, the Gram positive, non spore forming, catalase negative rod shaped lactic acid bacteria are used widely as starter cultures for food fermentations and also as probiotic cultures due to their functional attributes. In this study, four lactobacilli each isolated from different sources namely: carrot, idli batter, dahi and duck feces were assessed for various attributes like antimicrobial, bile salt hydrolysis, proteolytic and lecithinase activities and their ability to grow at different salt concentrations. All the isolates were able to grow in salt concentrations as high as five percent and possessed bile salt hydrolase, an enzyme that imparts bile salt tolerance. All of them were also found to be antagonistic against S. aureus with the isolate from carrot giving the largest zone of inhibition of 16mm diameter. Two of the isolates were found to be moderately proteolytic and none of the isolates showed lecithinase activity.
乳酸菌是革兰氏阳性、不产孢子、过氧化氢酶阴性的杆状乳酸菌,由于其功能特性,被广泛用作食品发酵的发酵剂和益生菌培养物。本研究对从胡萝卜、豆浆、大麻油和鸭粪中分离的4种乳酸菌进行了抗菌、胆盐水解、蛋白水解和卵磷脂酶活性等特性的研究,并对其在不同盐浓度下的生长能力进行了评价。所有分离株都能在高达5%的盐浓度下生长,并具有胆盐水解酶,一种赋予胆盐耐受性的酶。所有菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌均有拮抗作用,其中胡萝卜分离物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制区最大,抑制区直径为16mm。其中两株具有中度蛋白水解性,没有一株具有卵磷脂酶活性。
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引用次数: 0
Analyses of Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Tap Water Samples in Cagayan de Oro (District I), Philippines 菲律宾卡加延德奥罗(第一区)部分自来水样品理化参数分析
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105045358
Lyka Anne Salvane, Kareen Felicilda, Chieny Rabadon, Mary Mae Vasay, Lenie Equipelag, Danica Marie Duco, V. R. K. Galarpe
This study was conducted to initially determined drinking water quality in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. The objectives were to quantify selected physicochemical parameters among selected tap water samples on December, 2016-Feburary, 2017 in District 1 communities of the city. Analyses further included quantifying risk quotient and comparing findings to drinking water quality standard. Studied parameters were pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, conductivity, and turbidity using portable probe pre calibrated meters. Overall, determined concentrations passed reference standards for drinking water with sampling station and sampling period variation. Although no risk was determined on the studied parameters, it is however recommended to conduct further monitoring incorporating other water quality parameters.
本研究是为了初步确定菲律宾卡加延德奥罗的饮用水质量而进行的。目的是量化2016年12月至2017年2月在该市1区社区抽取的自来水样品的选定理化参数。进一步分析包括量化风险商,并将结果与饮用水质量标准进行比较。研究参数为pH、温度、溶解氧(DO)、总溶解固体(TDS)、盐度、电导率和浊度,使用便携式探针预校准仪表。总体而言,测定的浓度通过了饮用水参考标准,只是采样站和采样周期有所不同。虽然所研究的参数没有确定风险,但建议结合其他水质参数进行进一步监测。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology
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