Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00335.X
T. Sawai, H. Hashimoto, S. Mitsuhashi, S. Yamagishi
According to genetic studies of the inducible resistance to macrolide antibiotics; erythromycin (EM), oleandomycin (OM), leucomycin (LM), spiramycin (SP), in Staphylococcus aureus, it was found that there are two types of cross-resistance; resistance to EM and to both EM and OM. In EM-resistant strains, EM is an active inducer, while both EM and OM are the inducers in those strains resistant to both EM and OM. However, the induced populations of both strains acquired high resistance (800 μg/ml or more) to all macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin. The resistance of induced cells was lost when grown in the absence of inducers. From a strain MS537, in which EM is an inducer, a mutant MS537-1 was obtained on the plate containing OM. In strain MS537-1, OM, in addition to EM, has become an active inducer for macrolide resistance. When MS537 and MS537-1 were cultured on the plate containing LM, mutants MS537-2 and MS537-3 were obtained, respectively. They were found to be highly resistant to all macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin, and their resistance was not inducible but constitutive. According to transductional analysis, it was found that the loci concerned with induction for macrolide resistance and those governing cross-resistance to macrolide antibiotics were co-transducible, both loci not being separated by transduction. The constitutive resistance to macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin in strains MS537-2 and MS537-3, was also co-transducible, suggesting that the resistance to macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin are determined by a gene or by a cluster of genes in the cocci.
{"title":"Drug Resistance of Staphylococci","authors":"T. Sawai, H. Hashimoto, S. Mitsuhashi, S. Yamagishi","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00335.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00335.X","url":null,"abstract":"According to genetic studies of the inducible resistance to macrolide antibiotics; erythromycin (EM), oleandomycin (OM), leucomycin (LM), spiramycin (SP), in Staphylococcus aureus, it was found that there are two types of cross-resistance; resistance to EM and to both EM and OM. In EM-resistant strains, EM is an active inducer, while both EM and OM are the inducers in those strains resistant to both EM and OM. However, the induced populations of both strains acquired high resistance (800 μg/ml or more) to all macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin. The resistance of induced cells was lost when grown in the absence of inducers. From a strain MS537, in which EM is an inducer, a mutant MS537-1 was obtained on the plate containing OM. In strain MS537-1, OM, in addition to EM, has become an active inducer for macrolide resistance. When MS537 and MS537-1 were cultured on the plate containing LM, mutants MS537-2 and MS537-3 were obtained, respectively. They were found to be highly resistant to all macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin, and their resistance was not inducible but constitutive. According to transductional analysis, it was found that the loci concerned with induction for macrolide resistance and those governing cross-resistance to macrolide antibiotics were co-transducible, both loci not being separated by transduction. The constitutive resistance to macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin in strains MS537-2 and MS537-3, was also co-transducible, suggesting that the resistance to macrolide antibiotics and to lincomycin are determined by a gene or by a cluster of genes in the cocci.","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00337.X
T. Miyake, T. Shiba, I. Watanabe
Twenty-five strains of RNA phages were tested for their filtration and elution patterns (F-E patterns) by a millipore filtration method. These strains, including MS2, f2 and R17, were separated in three groups in this aspect. We named these groups as group I, II and III. According to this grouping, MS2, f2 and R17 belonged to group I and Qβ belonged to group III. Furthermore, it was shown that group III was further divided in two sub-groups (IIIa and IIIb) by this method. Grouping based on the F-E patterns was in extremely good accordance with the grouping based on the serological properties. This grouping was also supported by the results of chemical and physical analyses of these RNA phages, that is, RNA phages which belonged to the same group had several common properties. Basic Information on the millipore filtration method was also presented in this paper.
{"title":"Grouping of RNA Phages by a Millipore Filtration Method","authors":"T. Miyake, T. Shiba, I. Watanabe","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00337.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00337.X","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-five strains of RNA phages were tested for their filtration and elution patterns (F-E patterns) by a millipore filtration method. These strains, including MS2, f2 and R17, were separated in three groups in this aspect. We named these groups as group I, II and III. According to this grouping, MS2, f2 and R17 belonged to group I and Qβ belonged to group III. Furthermore, it was shown that group III was further divided in two sub-groups (IIIa and IIIb) by this method. Grouping based on the F-E patterns was in extremely good accordance with the grouping based on the serological properties. This grouping was also supported by the results of chemical and physical analyses of these RNA phages, that is, RNA phages which belonged to the same group had several common properties. Basic Information on the millipore filtration method was also presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86134218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00333.X
M. Tsukamura
Two types of slowly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium novum, were isolated from soil by mouse body passage method. The former was presented previously by the present author as a new species. Its characteristics are better clarified in this paper based on the data of 93 strains. Mycobacterium novum is a slowly growing nonphotochromogen. It grows at 10 to 14 days on egg media and does not grow on Sauton agar. It grows on Ogawa egg medium containing either 0.2% (w/v) sodium p-aminosalicylate, 0.1% (w/v) sodium salicylate or 0.25 mg/ml NH2OH·HCl. It is differentiated from M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. microti by these characters. It grows at 28 C and 37 C, but does not grow at 45 C. Other characteristics are: nitrate not reduced; negative two week arylsulphatase; negative niacin test; and no amidase clemonstrated. None of the carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds tested could be utilized as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen in synthetic agar medium. It survived in mouse organs for three to four weeks. It was noticed that these mycobacteria occur very commonly in soil.
{"title":"Two types of slowly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria obtained from soil by the mouse passage method: Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium novum.","authors":"M. Tsukamura","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00333.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00333.X","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of slowly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium novum, were isolated from soil by mouse body passage method. The former was presented previously by the present author as a new species. Its characteristics are better clarified in this paper based on the data of 93 strains. Mycobacterium novum is a slowly growing nonphotochromogen. It grows at 10 to 14 days on egg media and does not grow on Sauton agar. It grows on Ogawa egg medium containing either 0.2% (w/v) sodium p-aminosalicylate, 0.1% (w/v) sodium salicylate or 0.25 mg/ml NH2OH·HCl. It is differentiated from M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. microti by these characters. It grows at 28 C and 37 C, but does not grow at 45 C. Other characteristics are: nitrate not reduced; negative two week arylsulphatase; negative niacin test; and no amidase clemonstrated. None of the carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds tested could be utilized as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen in synthetic agar medium. It survived in mouse organs for three to four weeks. It was noticed that these mycobacteria occur very commonly in soil.","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"87 1","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81288860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00334.X
R. Egawa, T. Sawai, S. Mitsuhashi
{"title":"Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria:XII. Unique Substrate Specificity of Penicillinase Produced by R Factor","authors":"R. Egawa, T. Sawai, S. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00334.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00334.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"53 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76581398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00340.X
A. Ishikawa, A. Furuno
{"title":"Some Ionic Factors Affecting Efficiency of Infection of African Green Monkey Kidney Cultures with SV40 DNA in Isotonic Saline Media","authors":"A. Ishikawa, A. Furuno","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00340.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00340.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84816301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-03-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00332.X
Tokumitsu Tanaka, H. Hashimoto, Y. Nagai, S. Mitsuhashi
{"title":"Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria:XI. Isolation of Shigella Strains in Hetero-R State","authors":"Tokumitsu Tanaka, H. Hashimoto, Y. Nagai, S. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00332.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00332.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-02-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00330.X
K. Harada, M. Kameda, Mitsue Suzuki, S. Mitsuhashi
{"title":"Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria:X. Recombination of Defective R (TC) Factor with Other Episomes","authors":"K. Harada, M. Kameda, Mitsue Suzuki, S. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00330.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00330.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-02-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00324.X
Y. Naide, T. Kawamura, K. Makino, H. Tamura, Tsutomu Watanabe
Many urinary isolates which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae and bear multiple drug resistance were shown to harbor transmissible resistance factors (R factors). The levels of resistance were almost uniform in every strain investigated. The resistance markers were usually transferred as a unit. Frequency of transfer varied from host to host even when the same recipient strain was employed. However, no remarkable differences were observed in successive transfers of R factors between substrains of Escherichia coli K-12. The role of R factors in urinary tract infection is discussed.
{"title":"Prevalence of Transferable Drug Resistance in Drug‐Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Japan","authors":"Y. Naide, T. Kawamura, K. Makino, H. Tamura, Tsutomu Watanabe","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00324.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00324.X","url":null,"abstract":"Many urinary isolates which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae and bear multiple drug resistance were shown to harbor transmissible resistance factors (R factors). The levels of resistance were almost uniform in every strain investigated. The resistance markers were usually transferred as a unit. Frequency of transfer varied from host to host even when the same recipient strain was employed. However, no remarkable differences were observed in successive transfers of R factors between substrains of Escherichia coli K-12. The role of R factors in urinary tract infection is discussed.","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"77 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83911588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-02-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00331.X
Kenji Watanabe, W. Szybalski
{"title":"Some Physical Properties of Phage F of Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Kenji Watanabe, W. Szybalski","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00331.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00331.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82427567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-02-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00328.X
H. Oshima, U. Kawaharada, T. Kasuga, S. Mitsuhashi
The phage typing patterns of phage type 52/52A/80/81 staphylococcal strains were changed to type 80/81 and the non-typable group by lysogenization with phages 27 and 146. When a particular strain of Staphylococcus aureus, MS1590 phage type 52/52A/80/81, was lysogenized with phage 146, type 80/81 and the non-typable group strains were produced. According to the comparison of host range of the prophages, it has been concluded that the two strains with different phage typing patterns have different kinds of prophages.
{"title":"Changes in the Phage‐Typing Patterns of Staphylococci Following Lysogenization","authors":"H. Oshima, U. Kawaharada, T. Kasuga, S. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00328.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1348-0421.1967.TB00328.X","url":null,"abstract":"The phage typing patterns of phage type 52/52A/80/81 staphylococcal strains were changed to type 80/81 and the non-typable group by lysogenization with phages 27 and 146. When a particular strain of Staphylococcus aureus, MS1590 phage type 52/52A/80/81, was lysogenized with phage 146, type 80/81 and the non-typable group strains were produced. According to the comparison of host range of the prophages, it has been concluded that the two strains with different phage typing patterns have different kinds of prophages.","PeriodicalId":14559,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of microbiology","volume":"206 1","pages":"129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73024157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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