Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060149
R. Bridgelall
The gradual adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally serves as a crucial move toward addressing global decarbonization goals for sustainable development. However, the lack of cost-effective, power-efficient, and safe chargers for EV batteries hampers adoption. Understanding the research needs and identifying the gaps in EV charger innovation informs investments and research to address development challenges. This study developed a unique text mining workflow to classify themes in EV charger technology and product development by analyzing U.S. patent award summaries. The text mining workflow combined the techniques of data extraction, data cleaning, natural language processing (NLP), statistical analysis, and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to extract unique themes and to visualize their relationships. There was a 47.7% increase in the number of EV charger patents issued in 2022 relative to that in 2018. The top four themes were charging station management, power transfer efficiency, on-board charger design, and temperature management. More than half (53.8%) of the EV charger patents issued over the five-year period from 2018 to 2022 addressed problems within those four themes. Patents that addressed wireless charging, fast charging, and fleet charging accounted for less than 10% each of the EV charger patents issued. This suggests that the industry is still at the frontier of addressing those problems. This study further presents examples of the specific EV charger problems addressed within each theme. The findings can inform investment decisions and policymaking to focus on R&D resources that will advance the state of the art and spur EV adoption.
{"title":"Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning","authors":"R. Bridgelall","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060149","url":null,"abstract":"The gradual adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally serves as a crucial move toward addressing global decarbonization goals for sustainable development. However, the lack of cost-effective, power-efficient, and safe chargers for EV batteries hampers adoption. Understanding the research needs and identifying the gaps in EV charger innovation informs investments and research to address development challenges. This study developed a unique text mining workflow to classify themes in EV charger technology and product development by analyzing U.S. patent award summaries. The text mining workflow combined the techniques of data extraction, data cleaning, natural language processing (NLP), statistical analysis, and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to extract unique themes and to visualize their relationships. There was a 47.7% increase in the number of EV charger patents issued in 2022 relative to that in 2018. The top four themes were charging station management, power transfer efficiency, on-board charger design, and temperature management. More than half (53.8%) of the EV charger patents issued over the five-year period from 2018 to 2022 addressed problems within those four themes. Patents that addressed wireless charging, fast charging, and fleet charging accounted for less than 10% each of the EV charger patents issued. This suggests that the industry is still at the frontier of addressing those problems. This study further presents examples of the specific EV charger problems addressed within each theme. The findings can inform investment decisions and policymaking to focus on R&D resources that will advance the state of the art and spur EV adoption.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060148
Alexey Savitskii, D. Sharaborin, L. Chikishev, V. Dulin
Swirling flows often occur in nature and industrial applications. With an increase in swirl intensity, such rotating flows are known to become unstable and undergo a sudden breakdown of the vortex core, resulting in unsteady flow dynamics with intensive pressure fluctuations. In particular, swirling flows are organized in combustion chambers to stabilize the flame around the central recirculation zone, formed due to the vortex core breakdown. However, the impact of large-scale vortex structures, including the precessing vortex core and secondary helical vortices, on unsteady combustion regimes is still unclear. The present paper demonstrates experimentally that for the swirling flow of a model swirl combustor, the injection of a central jet may be used to alter the configuration of coherent flow structures, including helical vortices. In particular, the asymmetric hydrodynamics mode, associated with the precessing vortex core, is suppressed, whereas the symmetrical one becomes dominant. This effect demonstrates the importance of central jet injection to control the dominant mode of flow instability for the design of swirl combustors.
{"title":"Flow Instability Control in a Model Swirl-Stabilized Combustor with Central Jet Injection","authors":"Alexey Savitskii, D. Sharaborin, L. Chikishev, V. Dulin","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060148","url":null,"abstract":"Swirling flows often occur in nature and industrial applications. With an increase in swirl intensity, such rotating flows are known to become unstable and undergo a sudden breakdown of the vortex core, resulting in unsteady flow dynamics with intensive pressure fluctuations. In particular, swirling flows are organized in combustion chambers to stabilize the flame around the central recirculation zone, formed due to the vortex core breakdown. However, the impact of large-scale vortex structures, including the precessing vortex core and secondary helical vortices, on unsteady combustion regimes is still unclear. The present paper demonstrates experimentally that for the swirling flow of a model swirl combustor, the injection of a central jet may be used to alter the configuration of coherent flow structures, including helical vortices. In particular, the asymmetric hydrodynamics mode, associated with the precessing vortex core, is suppressed, whereas the symmetrical one becomes dominant. This effect demonstrates the importance of central jet injection to control the dominant mode of flow instability for the design of swirl combustors.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060146
Felipe Bento de Albuquerque, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Edgley Alves de Oliveira Paula, M. V. Scatolino, Fernando Rusch
Charcoal is one of the most essential energy sources in the world and is used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes. Brazilian charcoal production occurs in rudimentary masonry kilns without concern for process safety or energy waste. This work aimed to develop a mini carbonization system of three kilns coupled to a vertical smoke burner for optimized and environmentally correct charcoal and wood vinegar (WV) production on small farms. The project was divided into three parts for dimensioning: the three-kiln set, the WV condensing device, and the smoke burner. The condenser was designed following the procedures from the standards of TEMA (Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association); ASME (Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States) Section VIII, Division 1; and the NR-13 (Regulatory Standard) of ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). In contrast to the current scenario, in which primitive carbonization technologies are still employed, bringing about low charcoal yields and significant pollution release, the use of a mini-kiln that allows charcoal production and wood vinegar recovery combined with pollutant smoke burning is an interesting eco-friendly solution. Thus, the mini-kiln model presented here brings a low cost and environmental safety to the charcoal production chain, reaching sustainability parameters and offering higher income opportunities to small producers.
木炭是世界上最基本的能源之一，主要用于家庭和工业用途。巴西的木炭生产是在简陋的砖石窑中进行的，不考虑工艺安全和能源浪费。这项工作旨在开发一个由三个窑炉和一个垂直烟气燃烧器组成的小型碳化系统，以优化小型农场的木炭和木醋（WV）生产并保护环境。该项目分为三个部分进行尺寸设计：三窑装置、木醋冷凝装置和烟气燃烧器。冷凝器的设计遵循了 TEMA（管式交换器制造商协会）标准、ASME（美国机械工程师协会）第 VIII 章第 1 节和 ABNT（巴西技术标准协会）NR-13（监管标准）。目前，人们仍在使用原始的碳化技术，导致木炭产量低和污染严重，与此形成鲜明对比的是，使用小型焚化窑，既能生产木炭，又能回收木醋，还能燃烧污染物烟雾，是一种有趣的生态友好型解决方案。因此，这里介绍的迷你窑模式为木炭生产链带来了低成本和环境安全，达到了可持续发展参数，并为小生产者提供了更高的收入机会。
{"title":"Mini-Kilns for Charcoal-Making: An Eco-Friendly Solution for Small-Scale Production of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar","authors":"Felipe Bento de Albuquerque, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Edgley Alves de Oliveira Paula, M. V. Scatolino, Fernando Rusch","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060146","url":null,"abstract":"Charcoal is one of the most essential energy sources in the world and is used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes. Brazilian charcoal production occurs in rudimentary masonry kilns without concern for process safety or energy waste. This work aimed to develop a mini carbonization system of three kilns coupled to a vertical smoke burner for optimized and environmentally correct charcoal and wood vinegar (WV) production on small farms. The project was divided into three parts for dimensioning: the three-kiln set, the WV condensing device, and the smoke burner. The condenser was designed following the procedures from the standards of TEMA (Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association); ASME (Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States) Section VIII, Division 1; and the NR-13 (Regulatory Standard) of ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). In contrast to the current scenario, in which primitive carbonization technologies are still employed, bringing about low charcoal yields and significant pollution release, the use of a mini-kiln that allows charcoal production and wood vinegar recovery combined with pollutant smoke burning is an interesting eco-friendly solution. Thus, the mini-kiln model presented here brings a low cost and environmental safety to the charcoal production chain, reaching sustainability parameters and offering higher income opportunities to small producers.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060145
Grigore Cican, Mihnea Gall, Alina Bogoi, Marius Deaconu, Daniel Eugeniu Crunțeanu
In connection with subsonic jet noise production, especially regarding the hot jet from a micro turbojet engine, we encountered a lack of recent high-resolution data in the literature describing the flow field using experimental validation through optical diagnoses. The objective of this paper is to examine and compare the influence on shear layers of the exhaust plug nozzle of a micro turbojet engine with and without chevrons mounted, using a high-speed camera used in Schlieren-type optical system diagnosis. Three different operating regimes are examined for both the baseline configuration and the configuration with 16 triangular-shaped chevrons. In conjunction with the image captures, the sound pressure level was recorded with the help of a microphone placed perpendicular to the flow, 0.4 m from the exhaust of the nozzle which was further processed. In quantitative terms, we found that the OASPL decreases by more than 1% when the engine is operating at higher regimes. Moreover, we found that the average exhaust jet angle, which is a measure of the quality of the fluid mixing layer is increased by 5% with respect to the baseline nozzle. By using the “darkest pixel” technique in Schlieren imaging, we can verify experimentally, for all working regimes, the theory that asserts that subsonic jet noise is a consequence of fine-scale homogeneous turbulence. Additionally, the potential novelty lies in the specific observations related to consistent dispersion of fine-scale eddies and how the presence of chevrons amplifies this uniformity within the turbulent field.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of a Micro Turbojet Engine Chevrons Nozzle by Means of the Schlieren Technique","authors":"Grigore Cican, Mihnea Gall, Alina Bogoi, Marius Deaconu, Daniel Eugeniu Crunțeanu","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060145","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with subsonic jet noise production, especially regarding the hot jet from a micro turbojet engine, we encountered a lack of recent high-resolution data in the literature describing the flow field using experimental validation through optical diagnoses. The objective of this paper is to examine and compare the influence on shear layers of the exhaust plug nozzle of a micro turbojet engine with and without chevrons mounted, using a high-speed camera used in Schlieren-type optical system diagnosis. Three different operating regimes are examined for both the baseline configuration and the configuration with 16 triangular-shaped chevrons. In conjunction with the image captures, the sound pressure level was recorded with the help of a microphone placed perpendicular to the flow, 0.4 m from the exhaust of the nozzle which was further processed. In quantitative terms, we found that the OASPL decreases by more than 1% when the engine is operating at higher regimes. Moreover, we found that the average exhaust jet angle, which is a measure of the quality of the fluid mixing layer is increased by 5% with respect to the baseline nozzle. By using the “darkest pixel” technique in Schlieren imaging, we can verify experimentally, for all working regimes, the theory that asserts that subsonic jet noise is a consequence of fine-scale homogeneous turbulence. Additionally, the potential novelty lies in the specific observations related to consistent dispersion of fine-scale eddies and how the presence of chevrons amplifies this uniformity within the turbulent field.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060144
Farghani Fariz, Brijesh Patel, Hsien-Cheng Chiu, Shih-Jie Pan, Cheng-Liang Chen, Hao-Yeh Lee, Po Ting Lin
Plastic pervasiveness in daily life has increased in tandem with population growth. Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) is emerging as a popular compound for manufacturing plastic, which is obtained from ethylene and vinyl acetate synthesis. EVA is produced using autoclave reactors, which often encounter bearing damage under specific operating conditions. This research aims to optimize the parameters in autoclave reactors to enhance bearing life. The study focuses on two crucial factors: the number of impellers and the temperature, with bearing life as the response variable. Simulations using finite-element analysis were conducted to obtain the fatigue life of bearings and validated using real-time company data stating the damage of bearings within 80 days. The optimization process employed the Taguchi method (TM) and the response surface methodology (RSM). A comparison of these techniques revealed that temperature had the most significant influence on the response. Interestingly, both methods yielded the same optimal parameters: seven impellers and a temperature of 150 °C. The simulation results using these optimized parameters demonstrated a noteworthy 3.095% increase in bearing life compared to the initial design. The RSM outperformed the Taguchi method in accurately predicting response values with minimum prediction error under optimal conditions.
{"title":"Optimization of Autoclave Reactors to Improve Bearing Life Using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Farghani Fariz, Brijesh Patel, Hsien-Cheng Chiu, Shih-Jie Pan, Cheng-Liang Chen, Hao-Yeh Lee, Po Ting Lin","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060144","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pervasiveness in daily life has increased in tandem with population growth. Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) is emerging as a popular compound for manufacturing plastic, which is obtained from ethylene and vinyl acetate synthesis. EVA is produced using autoclave reactors, which often encounter bearing damage under specific operating conditions. This research aims to optimize the parameters in autoclave reactors to enhance bearing life. The study focuses on two crucial factors: the number of impellers and the temperature, with bearing life as the response variable. Simulations using finite-element analysis were conducted to obtain the fatigue life of bearings and validated using real-time company data stating the damage of bearings within 80 days. The optimization process employed the Taguchi method (TM) and the response surface methodology (RSM). A comparison of these techniques revealed that temperature had the most significant influence on the response. Interestingly, both methods yielded the same optimal parameters: seven impellers and a temperature of 150 °C. The simulation results using these optimized parameters demonstrated a noteworthy 3.095% increase in bearing life compared to the initial design. The RSM outperformed the Taguchi method in accurately predicting response values with minimum prediction error under optimal conditions.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060143
Eugen Rusu, Puiu Lucian Georgescu, Florin Onea, Victoria Yildirir, Silvia Dragan
The aim of this work is to provide some details regarding the energy potential of the local wind and solar resources near the Galati area (south-east of Romania) by considering the performances of a few recent technologies. Based on 22 years of ERA5 data (2001–2022), a picture concerning the renewable energy resources in the Brates Lake area is provided. Comparing the wind and solar resources with in situ and satellite data, a relatively good agreement was found, especially in regards to the average values. In terms of wind speed conditions at a hub height of 100 m, we can expect a maximum value of 19.28 m/s during the winter time, while for the solar irradiance the energy level can reach up to 932 W/m2 during the summer season. Several generators of 2 MW were considered for evaluation, for which a state-of-the-art system of 6.2 MW was also added. The expected capacity factor of the turbines is in the range of (11.71–21.23)%, with better performances being expected from the Gamesa G90 generator. As a next step, several floating solar units were considered in order to simulate large-scale solar projects that may cover between 10 and 40% of the Brates Lake surface. The amount of the evaporated water saved by these solar panels was also considered, being estimated that the water demand of at least 3.42 km2 of the agricultural areas can be covered on an annual scale.
{"title":"The Potential of Lakes for Extracting Renewable Energy—A Case Study of Brates Lake in the South-East of Europe","authors":"Eugen Rusu, Puiu Lucian Georgescu, Florin Onea, Victoria Yildirir, Silvia Dragan","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060143","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to provide some details regarding the energy potential of the local wind and solar resources near the Galati area (south-east of Romania) by considering the performances of a few recent technologies. Based on 22 years of ERA5 data (2001–2022), a picture concerning the renewable energy resources in the Brates Lake area is provided. Comparing the wind and solar resources with in situ and satellite data, a relatively good agreement was found, especially in regards to the average values. In terms of wind speed conditions at a hub height of 100 m, we can expect a maximum value of 19.28 m/s during the winter time, while for the solar irradiance the energy level can reach up to 932 W/m2 during the summer season. Several generators of 2 MW were considered for evaluation, for which a state-of-the-art system of 6.2 MW was also added. The expected capacity factor of the turbines is in the range of (11.71–21.23)%, with better performances being expected from the Gamesa G90 generator. As a next step, several floating solar units were considered in order to simulate large-scale solar projects that may cover between 10 and 40% of the Brates Lake surface. The amount of the evaporated water saved by these solar panels was also considered, being estimated that the water demand of at least 3.42 km2 of the agricultural areas can be covered on an annual scale.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060142
Mohammed Yousri Silaa, Oscar Barambones, Aissa Bencherif, Abdellah Rahmani
Photovoltaic (PV) systems play a crucial role in clean energy systems. Effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are essential to optimize their performance. However, conventional MPPT methods exhibit limitations and challenges in real-world scenarios characterized by rapidly changing environmental factors and various operating conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents a performance evaluation of a novel extended grey wolf optimizer (EGWO). The EGWO has been meticulously designed in order to improve the efficiency of PV systems by rapidly tracking and maintaining the maximum power point (MPP). In this study, a comparison is made between the EGWO and other prominent MPPT techniques, including the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sin cos algorithm (SCA) techniques. To evaluate these MPPT methods, a model of a PV module integrated with a DC/DC boost converter is employed, and simulations are conducted using Simulink-MATLAB software under standard test conditions (STC) and various environmental conditions. In particular, the results demonstrate that the novel EGWO outperforms the GWO, EOA, PSO and SCA techniques and shows fast tracking speed, superior dynamic response, high robustness and minimal power fluctuations across both STC and variable conditions. Thus, a power fluctuation of 0.09 W could be achieved by using the proposed EGWO technique. Finally, according to these results, the proposed approach can offer an improvement in energy consumption. These findings underscore the potential benefits of employing the novel MPPT EGWO to enhance the efficiency and performance of MPPT in PV systems. Further exploration of this intelligent technique could lead to significant advancements in optimizing PV system performance, making it a promising option for real-world applications.
{"title":"A New MPPT-Based Extended Grey Wolf Optimizer for Stand-Alone PV System: A Performance Evaluation versus Four Smart MPPT Techniques in Diverse Scenarios","authors":"Mohammed Yousri Silaa, Oscar Barambones, Aissa Bencherif, Abdellah Rahmani","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060142","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems play a crucial role in clean energy systems. Effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are essential to optimize their performance. However, conventional MPPT methods exhibit limitations and challenges in real-world scenarios characterized by rapidly changing environmental factors and various operating conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents a performance evaluation of a novel extended grey wolf optimizer (EGWO). The EGWO has been meticulously designed in order to improve the efficiency of PV systems by rapidly tracking and maintaining the maximum power point (MPP). In this study, a comparison is made between the EGWO and other prominent MPPT techniques, including the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sin cos algorithm (SCA) techniques. To evaluate these MPPT methods, a model of a PV module integrated with a DC/DC boost converter is employed, and simulations are conducted using Simulink-MATLAB software under standard test conditions (STC) and various environmental conditions. In particular, the results demonstrate that the novel EGWO outperforms the GWO, EOA, PSO and SCA techniques and shows fast tracking speed, superior dynamic response, high robustness and minimal power fluctuations across both STC and variable conditions. Thus, a power fluctuation of 0.09 W could be achieved by using the proposed EGWO technique. Finally, according to these results, the proposed approach can offer an improvement in energy consumption. These findings underscore the potential benefits of employing the novel MPPT EGWO to enhance the efficiency and performance of MPPT in PV systems. Further exploration of this intelligent technique could lead to significant advancements in optimizing PV system performance, making it a promising option for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060141
Apoorv Kulkarni, Joshua M. Pearce
Open-source 3-D printing has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the additive manufacturing (AM) landscape by making distributed manufacturing economic, democratizing access, and fostering far more rapid innovation than antiquated proprietary systems. Unfortunately, some 3-D printing manufacturing companies began deviating from open-source principles and violating licenses for the detriment of the community. To determine if a pattern has emerged of companies patenting clearly open-source innovations, this study presents three case studies from the three primary regions of open-source 3-D printing development (EU, U.S., and China) as well as three aspects of 3-D printing technology (AM materials, an open-source 3-D printer, and core open-source 3-D printing concepts used in most 3-D printers). The results of this review have shown that non-inventing entities, called patent parasites, are patenting open-source inventions already well-established in the open-source community and, in the most egregious cases, commercialized by one (or several) firm(s) at the time of the patent filing. Patent parasites are able to patent open-source innovations by using a different language, vague patent titles, and broad claims that encompass enormous swaths of widely diffused open-source innovation space. This practice poses a severe threat to innovation, and several approaches to irradicate the threat are discussed.
{"title":"Patent Parasites: Non-Inventors Patenting Existing Open-Source Inventions in the 3-D Printing Technology Space","authors":"Apoorv Kulkarni, Joshua M. Pearce","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060141","url":null,"abstract":"Open-source 3-D printing has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the additive manufacturing (AM) landscape by making distributed manufacturing economic, democratizing access, and fostering far more rapid innovation than antiquated proprietary systems. Unfortunately, some 3-D printing manufacturing companies began deviating from open-source principles and violating licenses for the detriment of the community. To determine if a pattern has emerged of companies patenting clearly open-source innovations, this study presents three case studies from the three primary regions of open-source 3-D printing development (EU, U.S., and China) as well as three aspects of 3-D printing technology (AM materials, an open-source 3-D printer, and core open-source 3-D printing concepts used in most 3-D printers). The results of this review have shown that non-inventing entities, called patent parasites, are patenting open-source inventions already well-established in the open-source community and, in the most egregious cases, commercialized by one (or several) firm(s) at the time of the patent filing. Patent parasites are able to patent open-source innovations by using a different language, vague patent titles, and broad claims that encompass enormous swaths of widely diffused open-source innovation space. This practice poses a severe threat to innovation, and several approaches to irradicate the threat are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060140
Joon-Hyuk Lee, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Jang-Wook Hur
In industrial settings, gears play a crucial role by assisting various machinery functions such as speed control, torque manipulation, and altering motion direction. The malfunction or failure of these gear components can have serious repercussions, resulting in production halts and financial losses. To address this need, research efforts have focused on early defect detection in gears in order to reduce the impact of possible failures. This study focused on analyzing vibration and thermal datasets from two extruder machine gearboxes using an autoencoder Long Short-Term Memory (AE-LSTM) model, to ensure that all important characteristics of the system are utilized. Fast independent component analysis (FastICA) is employed to fuse the data signals from both sensors while retaining their characteristics. The major goal is to implement an outlier detection approach to detect and classify defects. The results of this study highlighted the extraordinary performance of the AE-LSTM model, which achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 94.42% in recognizing malfunctioning gearboxes within the extruder machine system. The study used robust global metric evaluation techniques, such as accuracy, F1-score, and confusion metrics, to thoroughly evaluate the model’s dependability and efficiency. LSTM was additionally employed for anomaly detection to further emphasize the adaptability and interoperability of the methodology. This modification yielded a remarkable accuracy of 89.67%, offering additional validation of the model’s reliability and competence.
{"title":"Extruder Machine Gear Fault Detection Using Autoencoder LSTM via Sensor Fusion Approach","authors":"Joon-Hyuk Lee, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Jang-Wook Hur","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060140","url":null,"abstract":"In industrial settings, gears play a crucial role by assisting various machinery functions such as speed control, torque manipulation, and altering motion direction. The malfunction or failure of these gear components can have serious repercussions, resulting in production halts and financial losses. To address this need, research efforts have focused on early defect detection in gears in order to reduce the impact of possible failures. This study focused on analyzing vibration and thermal datasets from two extruder machine gearboxes using an autoencoder Long Short-Term Memory (AE-LSTM) model, to ensure that all important characteristics of the system are utilized. Fast independent component analysis (FastICA) is employed to fuse the data signals from both sensors while retaining their characteristics. The major goal is to implement an outlier detection approach to detect and classify defects. The results of this study highlighted the extraordinary performance of the AE-LSTM model, which achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 94.42% in recognizing malfunctioning gearboxes within the extruder machine system. The study used robust global metric evaluation techniques, such as accuracy, F1-score, and confusion metrics, to thoroughly evaluate the model’s dependability and efficiency. LSTM was additionally employed for anomaly detection to further emphasize the adaptability and interoperability of the methodology. This modification yielded a remarkable accuracy of 89.67%, offering additional validation of the model’s reliability and competence.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060138
Chen Zhang, Shihao Chen, Muniyandi Vigneshwaran, Yi Qi, Yulai Zhou, Gaosheng Fu, Zhiyu Li, Jianlei Wang
Bioactive glasses (BG), notably 63s BG, possess distinct properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to boost cellular interactions. Our research concentrated on formulating polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds enriched with 63s BG to gauge their combined mechanical and biological potentials. Using twin-screw extrusion, we created composites containing 5%, 10%, and 20% 63s BG. These were transformed into cylindrical scaffolds using 3D printing. Our assessments involved melt flow, SEM, XRD, water contact angle metrics, DSC, and extracorporeal degradation. After co-culturing with MC3T3-E1 cells, an uptick in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted. Preliminary findings demonstrated that as 63s BG content increased, the properties of the composites improved. Yet, they fell short of replicating the mechanical nuances of cortical bone, rendering them inapt for load-bearing orthopedic applications but suitable for mending minor bone defects or cartilage. In summary, while 63s BG brings about significant advancements in scaffold attributes, attaining the mechanical traits ideal for certain medical purposes remains elusive. This investigation offers foundational insights for the evolution of optimized bone tissue engineering materials.
{"title":"Effect of Different Contents of 63s Bioglass on the Performance of Bioglass-PCL Composite Bone Scaffolds","authors":"Chen Zhang, Shihao Chen, Muniyandi Vigneshwaran, Yi Qi, Yulai Zhou, Gaosheng Fu, Zhiyu Li, Jianlei Wang","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060138","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive glasses (BG), notably 63s BG, possess distinct properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to boost cellular interactions. Our research concentrated on formulating polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds enriched with 63s BG to gauge their combined mechanical and biological potentials. Using twin-screw extrusion, we created composites containing 5%, 10%, and 20% 63s BG. These were transformed into cylindrical scaffolds using 3D printing. Our assessments involved melt flow, SEM, XRD, water contact angle metrics, DSC, and extracorporeal degradation. After co-culturing with MC3T3-E1 cells, an uptick in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted. Preliminary findings demonstrated that as 63s BG content increased, the properties of the composites improved. Yet, they fell short of replicating the mechanical nuances of cortical bone, rendering them inapt for load-bearing orthopedic applications but suitable for mending minor bone defects or cartilage. In summary, while 63s BG brings about significant advancements in scaffold attributes, attaining the mechanical traits ideal for certain medical purposes remains elusive. This investigation offers foundational insights for the evolution of optimized bone tissue engineering materials.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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