Green product innovation has been used as a strategic tool to increase sustainability in response to the rising concerns regarding the adverse effect of business activities on the environment. Finding ways to increase green product innovations is an urgent issue faced by many managers. This study proposes a conceptual framework to study a company's green product innovation by investigating the role of green market orientation and identify the three components in improving it. Moreover, environmental dynamism in market and technology is investigated regarding the moderation effect in shaping the relationship between green market orientation and green product innovation. The conceptual framework is tested empirically by using the data collected from 231 companies in China. This study makes contributions to the literature in finding ways to improve green product innovation by building proper organizational culture, green market orientation under certain environmental dynamism. This finding is also useful for real-world practitioners in finding practical ways to increase green product innovation to achieve competitive advantage.
{"title":"Improving Green Product Innovation through Green Market Orientation under Environmental Dynamism: A Moderating Model","authors":"Kejin Qu, Zuoming Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3583924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3583924","url":null,"abstract":"Green product innovation has been used as a strategic tool to increase sustainability in response to the rising concerns regarding the adverse effect of business activities on the environment. Finding ways to increase green product innovations is an urgent issue faced by many managers. This study proposes a conceptual framework to study a company's green product innovation by investigating the role of green market orientation and identify the three components in improving it. Moreover, environmental dynamism in market and technology is investigated regarding the moderation effect in shaping the relationship between green market orientation and green product innovation. The conceptual framework is tested empirically by using the data collected from 231 companies in China. This study makes contributions to the literature in finding ways to improve green product innovation by building proper organizational culture, green market orientation under certain environmental dynamism. This finding is also useful for real-world practitioners in finding practical ways to increase green product innovation to achieve competitive advantage.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80012196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study we compare the evolution of labour productivity across the majority of EU member countries over the span of 1995-2016. Productivity growth combined with cross-sectoral employment shifts from manufacturing industries towards the service sectors can be observed in all countries. A shift-share analysis suggests that throughout this period most of the labour productivity growth was due to productiity gains within sectors. Labour movements between sectors, on the other hand, had small and often negative impact on lobour productivity growth, especially in older EU member countries. Furthermore, the role of sectoral R&D, as one channel affecting productivity and employment is examined. We find considerable heterogeneity across sectors of the correlation between R&D expenditure and employment, but several patterns can be identified. Employment in high-tech sectors both in manufacturing and service exhibits a positive, significant correlation with R&D expenditure, while for low- and medium-tech manufacturing results are predominantly negative but sensitive to dividing the sample into subgroups of countries. There is no significant correlation between R&D expenditure and employment in low-tech service sectors.
{"title":"Sectoral Employment Shifts and the Role of R&D: A Cross Country Comparison for Manufacturing and Service","authors":"H. Dawid, Mariya Mitkova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3586254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586254","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we compare the evolution of labour productivity across the majority of EU member countries over the span of 1995-2016. Productivity growth combined with cross-sectoral employment shifts from manufacturing industries towards the service sectors can be observed in all countries. A shift-share analysis suggests that throughout this period most of the labour productivity growth was due to productiity gains within sectors. Labour movements between sectors, on the other hand, had small and often negative impact on lobour productivity growth, especially in older EU member countries. Furthermore, the role of sectoral R&D, as one channel affecting productivity and employment is examined. We find considerable heterogeneity across sectors of the correlation between R&D expenditure and employment, but several patterns can be identified. Employment in high-tech sectors both in manufacturing and service exhibits a positive, significant correlation with R&D expenditure, while for low- and medium-tech manufacturing results are predominantly negative but sensitive to dividing the sample into subgroups of countries. There is no significant correlation between R&D expenditure and employment in low-tech service sectors.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marijana Sreckovic, G. Sibenik, Thomas Preindl, W. Kastner, Dominik Breitfuß
The increasing digitalization and thus evidently advancing change in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, requires new business models, processes and strategies. Blockchain (BC), smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps) are still underused in AEC. BC and its potential of in-clusion into the communication between project stakeholders has shown that it is not just a technology that is ready to use, but requires a thorough insight into the design process of domain-specific stakeholders, their in-terests and their collaboration workflows for a holistic Building Information Modeling (BIM) and BC-supported solution for the design phase. This paper introduces process modeling of BIM-workflows in the de-sign phase. We propose a conceptual framework for the implementation of a design process with BC based on the integration of three underlying theories: design theory, configuration theory and task-technology fit. The main assumption is, before we can capture processes (1) we need to understand them (design theory) in order to re-engineer them for distributed ledger technologies (DLT) (2) we need to adapt them to changing require-ments (configuration theory), and finally (3) continually re-adjust Information Technology (IT) and processes interdependence (task-technology fit).
{"title":"Analysis of Design Phase Processes with BIM for Blockchain Implementation","authors":"Marijana Sreckovic, G. Sibenik, Thomas Preindl, W. Kastner, Dominik Breitfuß","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3577529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577529","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing digitalization and thus evidently advancing change in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, requires new business models, processes and strategies. Blockchain (BC), smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps) are still underused in AEC. BC and its potential of in-clusion into the communication between project stakeholders has shown that it is not just a technology that is ready to use, but requires a thorough insight into the design process of domain-specific stakeholders, their in-terests and their collaboration workflows for a holistic Building Information Modeling (BIM) and BC-supported solution for the design phase. This paper introduces process modeling of BIM-workflows in the de-sign phase. We propose a conceptual framework for the implementation of a design process with BC based on the integration of three underlying theories: design theory, configuration theory and task-technology fit. The main assumption is, before we can capture processes (1) we need to understand them (design theory) in order to re-engineer them for distributed ledger technologies (DLT) (2) we need to adapt them to changing require-ments (configuration theory), and finally (3) continually re-adjust Information Technology (IT) and processes interdependence (task-technology fit).","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"8 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91199061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study price negotiations in high-technology supply chains where a manufacturer is sourcing a new-technology-based component from a supplier who has limited production capacity. The firms are rational and information is symmetric. It is unknown whether demand for this component will exceed capacity, in which case the supplier would prefer to satisfy high value buyers. In this setting, an immediate agreement could be inefficient for both the manufacturer and supplier because they may improve their expected payoffs by delaying the agreement and learning about the market prospect of the component. But delay could also be costly as the manufacturer must reach an agreement before launching its end product with the new component. In absence of an agreement, the manufacturer will have to continue using older technologies. In this negotiation we are interested in helping the manufacturer formulate its timing strategy — how to set the deadline and whether to delay an agreement. We derive conditions under which delay increases channel payoffs. Interestingly, we find that the manufacturer can benefit more from waiting when there is a greater chance that the supplier will walk away to satisfy other higher-value buyers. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, we find that the manufacturer should commit to a tighter deadline, even though it is optimal to delay the agreement.
{"title":"More Patience under Bigger Threats? Agreement Timing in High-Tech Component Procurement","authors":"Wei Zhang, Jingqi Wang, R. Ahmadi, S. Dasu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3560109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3560109","url":null,"abstract":"We study price negotiations in high-technology supply chains where a manufacturer is sourcing a new-technology-based component from a supplier who has limited production capacity. The firms are rational and information is symmetric. It is unknown whether demand for this component will exceed capacity, in which case the supplier would prefer to satisfy high value buyers. In this setting, an immediate agreement could be inefficient for both the manufacturer and supplier because they may improve their expected payoffs by delaying the agreement and learning about the market prospect of the component. But delay could also be costly as the manufacturer must reach an agreement before launching its end product with the new component. In absence of an agreement, the manufacturer will have to continue using older technologies. In this negotiation we are interested in helping the manufacturer formulate its timing strategy — how to set the deadline and whether to delay an agreement. We derive conditions under which delay increases channel payoffs. Interestingly, we find that the manufacturer can benefit more from waiting when there is a greater chance that the supplier will walk away to satisfy other higher-value buyers. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, we find that the manufacturer should commit to a tighter deadline, even though it is optimal to delay the agreement.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90769868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to soon replace human drivers and promise substantial benefits to society. Yet, consumers remain skeptical about handing over control to an AV. Partly because there is uncertainty about the appropriate moral norms for such vehicles (e.g., should AVs protect the passenger or the pedestrian if harm is unavoidable?). Building on recent work on AV morality, the current research examined how people resolve the dilemma between protecting self versus a pedestrian, and what they expect an AV to do in a similar situation. Five studies revealed that participants considered harm to a pedestrian more permissible with an AV as compared to self as the decision agent in a regular car. This shift in moral judgments was driven by the attribution of responsibility to the AV and was observed for both severe and moderate harm, and when harm was real or imagined. However, the effect was attenuated when five pedestrians or a child could be harmed. These findings suggest that AVs can change prevailing moral norms and promote an increased self-interest among consumers. This has relevance for the design and policy issues related to AVs. It also highlights the moral implications of autonomous agents replacing human decision-makers.
{"title":"Blame It on the Self-Driving Car: How Autonomous Vehicles Can Alter Consumer Morality","authors":"Tripat Gill","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679543","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to soon replace human drivers and promise substantial benefits to society. Yet, consumers remain skeptical about handing over control to an AV. Partly because there is uncertainty about the appropriate moral norms for such vehicles (e.g., should AVs protect the passenger or the pedestrian if harm is unavoidable?). Building on recent work on AV morality, the current research examined how people resolve the dilemma between protecting self versus a pedestrian, and what they expect an AV to do in a similar situation. Five studies revealed that participants considered harm to a pedestrian more permissible with an AV as compared to self as the decision agent in a regular car. This shift in moral judgments was driven by the attribution of responsibility to the AV and was observed for both severe and moderate harm, and when harm was real or imagined. However, the effect was attenuated when five pedestrians or a child could be harmed. These findings suggest that AVs can change prevailing moral norms and promote an increased self-interest among consumers. This has relevance for the design and policy issues related to AVs. It also highlights the moral implications of autonomous agents replacing human decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91299770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This examination paper looks at the connection between different components that influence the rancher's and their right's money. This stage offers chances to many denied ranchers who can sell their own homestead item and can acquire benefit from it in solitude. Then again we the purchasers gets similarly profited, since item esteems are a lot less expensive than the other shopping sites. It covers slants in rural development, investment of little holding horticulture, efficiency execution of little holders, connecting little holders with business sectors including esteem chains, job of little holders in improving nourishment items, refreshments and a lot more items which ranchers from provincial region can make a development in their yield. Difficulties and future alternatives for little holding ranchers increments with the expansion in the improvement of the Website. These improves the advancement of one's nation so as to diminish the lack of education or neediness rate. It gives exercises from the experience of India on little holding agribusiness for different nations too.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Farmers Approach Towards the Digital World","authors":"J. Joshi, Bilal N Shaikh Mohammad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3568517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3568517","url":null,"abstract":"This examination paper looks at the connection between different components that influence the rancher's and their right's money. This stage offers chances to many denied ranchers who can sell their own homestead item and can acquire benefit from it in solitude. Then again we the purchasers gets similarly profited, since item esteems are a lot less expensive than the other shopping sites. It covers slants in rural development, investment of little holding horticulture, efficiency execution of little holders, connecting little holders with business sectors including esteem chains, job of little holders in improving nourishment items, refreshments and a lot more items which ranchers from provincial region can make a development in their yield. Difficulties and future alternatives for little holding ranchers increments with the expansion in the improvement of the Website. These improves the advancement of one's nation so as to diminish the lack of education or neediness rate. It gives exercises from the experience of India on little holding agribusiness for different nations too.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86426247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we discuss that blockchain is a decentralized system which provides peer-to-peer network over which thousands of clients get connected without the involvement of trusted third parties. Involvement of trusted third parties provides security, privacy and trust and also limits the transaction size and increases time and cost to settle transaction. Blockchain is made up of several blocks and these blocks contain several transactions before initiating a transaction from sender, it is first authenticated and after successful authentication, a block is created. This block is again authenticated by all the nodes in the network and later this block is connected to a chain of blocks and all the blocks in the network are updated about this transaction and finally receiver at other end receives money. Layers of blockchain play significant role in designing architecture of blockchain since each layer filters out unnecessary info and lighters node traffic. Further we discuss blockchain applications, benefits for effective businesses and its adoption in several industrial sectors, financial sector, health and research sector.
{"title":"Emergence of Blockchain Technology: Fundamentals, Working and its Various Implementations","authors":"Sahil Gupta, Shubham Sinha, B. Bhushan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569577","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss that blockchain is a decentralized system which provides peer-to-peer network over which thousands of clients get connected without the involvement of trusted third parties. Involvement of trusted third parties provides security, privacy and trust and also limits the transaction size and increases time and cost to settle transaction. Blockchain is made up of several blocks and these blocks contain several transactions before initiating a transaction from sender, it is first authenticated and after successful authentication, a block is created. This block is again authenticated by all the nodes in the network and later this block is connected to a chain of blocks and all the blocks in the network are updated about this transaction and finally receiver at other end receives money. Layers of blockchain play significant role in designing architecture of blockchain since each layer filters out unnecessary info and lighters node traffic. Further we discuss blockchain applications, benefits for effective businesses and its adoption in several industrial sectors, financial sector, health and research sector.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75778632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean Abstract: 본고는 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 성공적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가를 한국 교육의 비전으로 제시한다. 먼저, 가장 중요한 방향으로 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 제시하고, 모두가 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 통하여 전인적이고 개별화된 평생학습을 할 수 있는 학생중심의 대량맞춤 학습체제를 실현하는 것을 학습혁명으로 정의하고 이미 미국을 중심으로 시작되고 있는 학습혁명의 사례들을 고찰한다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본고에서는 한국이 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 선도적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가로 가기 위한 주요 방향과 전략을 제시한 후 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 학교의 자율성, 교육의 사회통합기능 강화, 대학의 파괴적 혁신 등의 관점에서 구체적 대안들을 논의한다. 마지막으로 최근 코로나19로 인한 위기를 오히려 학습혁명의 기회로 삼을 수 있는 대안들을 살펴보고 결론을 맺는다.
English Abstract: This paper suggests that South Korea should lead global efforts of overcoming learning crisis and could become first-mover in leapfrog in education, which can be defined as processes of realizing personalized learning for all through High Touch High Tech education. After showing some notable demonstration cases of High Touch High Tech learning in US, discussions on how South Korea could nourish enabling ecosystem for High Touch High Tech education follows. This paper also discusses how High Touch High Tech education relates to autonomy of schools, disruptive innovation of university, and social integration through education. Lastly, we argue that South Korea could turn COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity for leapfrog in education by embracing cutting-edge EdTech and combine it with innovative pedagogy such as project-based learning.
Korean Abstract:本校把最成功克服全球学习危机的学习革命先导国家作为韩国教育的飞跃。首先,最重要的方向,触摸高科技的学习,大家提出touch通过高科技学习前,可以进行的终生学习的学生中心的大量定制实现학습체제学习革命定义为,已开始以美国为中心的学习革命的事例进行了研究。这些讨论为基础,考试中,韩国最引领全球学习危机真正地克服学习革命为先导国家的主要方向和战略提出后,最近成为焦点的学校的自主性,加强教育的사회통합기능,大学的破坏性创新等角度具体对策进行讨论。最后，研究了可以将最近因科罗纳19引发的危机当作学习革命机会的对策，并得出了结论。english abstract:This paper suggests that South Korea should lead global efforts of overcoming learning crisis and could become first-mover in leapfrog in education，which can be defined as processes of realizing personalized learning for all through High Touch High Tech educationAfter showing some notable demonstration cases of High Touch High Tech learning in US, discussions on how South Korea could nourish enabling ecosystem for High Touch High Tech education follows。This paper also discusses how High Touch High Tech education relates to autonomy of schools, disruptive innovation of university, and social integration through education。lastly,we argue that South Korea could turn COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity for leapfrog in education by embracing cutting-edge EdTech and combine it with innovative pedagogy as project-basedlearning。
{"title":"글로벌 학습위기와 학습혁명 기회 (Leapfrog in Education)","authors":"Ju-ho Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3588219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3588219","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Korean Abstract:</b> 본고는 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 성공적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가를 한국 교육의 비전으로 제시한다. 먼저, 가장 중요한 방향으로 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 제시하고, 모두가 하이터치 하이테크 학습을 통하여 전인적이고 개별화된 평생학습을 할 수 있는 학생중심의 대량맞춤 학습체제를 실현하는 것을 학습혁명으로 정의하고 이미 미국을 중심으로 시작되고 있는 학습혁명의 사례들을 고찰한다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본고에서는 한국이 글로벌 학습위기를 가장 선도적으로 극복하는 학습혁명 선도국가로 가기 위한 주요 방향과 전략을 제시한 후 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 학교의 자율성, 교육의 사회통합기능 강화, 대학의 파괴적 혁신 등의 관점에서 구체적 대안들을 논의한다. 마지막으로 최근 코로나19로 인한 위기를 오히려 학습혁명의 기회로 삼을 수 있는 대안들을 살펴보고 결론을 맺는다.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This paper suggests that South Korea should lead global efforts of overcoming learning crisis and could become first-mover in leapfrog in education, which can be defined as processes of realizing personalized learning for all through High Touch High Tech education. After showing some notable demonstration cases of High Touch High Tech learning in US, discussions on how South Korea could nourish enabling ecosystem for High Touch High Tech education follows. This paper also discusses how High Touch High Tech education relates to autonomy of schools, disruptive innovation of university, and social integration through education. Lastly, we argue that South Korea could turn COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity for leapfrog in education by embracing cutting-edge EdTech and combine it with innovative pedagogy such as project-based learning.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78870219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vega Bharadwaj, Marieke Brock, Bridey Heing, R. Miro, Noor Mukarram
This report provides an overview of the international market for counterfeit goods. Specifically, the report details the overall magnitude of international counterfeit trade, and explains how counterfeit goods affect the U.S. economy. It highlights the role of the private sector in combatting counterfeits, and the rising trend of counterfeit trade via small parcels. Last, it reviews trends in consumer attitudes towards counterfeit goods, and assesses the facilitating role of social media.
{"title":"U.S. Intellectual Property and Counterfeit Goods—Landscape Review of Existing/Emerging Research","authors":"Vega Bharadwaj, Marieke Brock, Bridey Heing, R. Miro, Noor Mukarram","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3577710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577710","url":null,"abstract":"This report provides an overview of the international market for counterfeit goods. Specifically, the report details the overall magnitude of international counterfeit trade, and explains how counterfeit goods affect the U.S. economy. It highlights the role of the private sector in combatting counterfeits, and the rising trend of counterfeit trade via small parcels. Last, it reviews trends in consumer attitudes towards counterfeit goods, and assesses the facilitating role of social media.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78844333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the automation and sharing aspects of the competitive dynamics of the emerging automated mobility industry. It applies strategic management, technological innovation and forecasting frameworks to examine how the different categories of industry entrants position themselves and interact with one another, and their differential chances for success. Related to the different types of entrants it considers various criteria of success, including expected market share of vehicle sales versus miles serviced, and the number of systems, technology solutions, or licenses sold. Whether firms enter the automated mobility industry with a lateral move from an adjacent industry or as startups without preexisting experience turns out to be an important strategic distinction for predicting success. The rate at which the industry is shifting also plays an important role because it defines how much time incumbents have to adapt to change and how much time new entrants have before their investments must begin to generate positive cash flows. Our analysis suggests that tech companies, ADAS suppliers, and startups with a welldefined focus are most likely to succeed. The paper ends with highlighting important strategic issues for further discussion with automotive industry researchers, industry analysts, and leading practitioners.
{"title":"The Future of the Automated Mobility Industry: A Strategic Management Perspective","authors":"Sven Beiker, Robert A. Burgelman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3590423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3590423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the automation and sharing aspects of the competitive dynamics of the emerging automated mobility industry. It applies strategic management, technological innovation and forecasting frameworks to examine how the different categories of industry entrants position themselves and interact with one another, and their differential chances for success. Related to the different types of entrants it considers various criteria of success, including expected market share of vehicle sales versus miles serviced, and the number of systems, technology solutions, or licenses sold. Whether firms enter the automated mobility industry with a lateral move from an adjacent industry or as startups without preexisting experience turns out to be an important strategic distinction for predicting success. The rate at which the industry is shifting also plays an important role because it defines how much time incumbents have to adapt to change and how much time new entrants have before their investments must begin to generate positive cash flows. Our analysis suggests that tech companies, ADAS suppliers, and startups with a welldefined focus are most likely to succeed. The paper ends with highlighting important strategic issues for further discussion with automotive industry researchers, industry analysts, and leading practitioners.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88635947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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