Capitalistic aspirations in corporations have resulted in adverse social and environmental impacts from their operations in different parts of the world. The race of higher returns is also causing similar problems are social enterprises like educational institutions. In this context, creating shared value would enhance their financial as well as social performance. This study aims to explore how economic and social performance contributes to creating shared value among social enterprises. Moreover, how social innovation complements the effect of economic and social value on shared value creation. For this, we applied Sadick et. al. (2018) framework in the context of the educational sector of Pakistan. Data from 242 respondents belonging from 70 social enterprises were collected by means of a close-ended questionnaire. The social organizations included both private, public, and not for profit organizations from the educational sector of Pakistan. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results reveal that economic value has a significant positive influence the social value. Moreover, both economic and social values along with social innovation contribute positively and significantly in creating shared value. However, no complementarities effect of social innovation in explaining the effect of both economic and social value on shared value creation.
{"title":"Antecedents of Shared Value Creation in Social Enterprise: Evidence from Educational Sector of Pakistan","authors":"Ramsha Bughio, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683178","url":null,"abstract":"Capitalistic aspirations in corporations have resulted in adverse social and environmental impacts from their operations in different parts of the world. The race of higher returns is also causing similar problems are social enterprises like educational institutions. In this context, creating shared value would enhance their financial as well as social performance. This study aims to explore how economic and social performance contributes to creating shared value among social enterprises. Moreover, how social innovation complements the effect of economic and social value on shared value creation. For this, we applied Sadick et. al. (2018) framework in the context of the educational sector of Pakistan. Data from 242 respondents belonging from 70 social enterprises were collected by means of a close-ended questionnaire. The social organizations included both private, public, and not for profit organizations from the educational sector of Pakistan. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results reveal that economic value has a significant positive influence the social value. Moreover, both economic and social values along with social innovation contribute positively and significantly in creating shared value. However, no complementarities effect of social innovation in explaining the effect of both economic and social value on shared value creation.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82949463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All over the world, there has been an upsurge in the different forms of intellectual property (IP) such as expressions of art, inventions, innovations, and industrial property. The owners of these forms of IP are protected under various rights like patents for inventions and copyright for expressions of art. In 2010 alone, China recorded about 600, 000 patents and in 2014, it recorded almost 1.5 million patents. This and similar revelations relating to the rise in the protection of IP have led to different arguments on the relevance of adequate recognition, enforcement, and implementation of intellectual property rights in Africa. This essay, therefore, seeks to answer the question of whether it is necessary or merely an issue of luxury to protect IP in Africa.
{"title":"Recognition of Intellectual Property Rights as a Fragment of the Right to Property in 21st Century Africa: A Necessity or a Luxury?","authors":"Munachimso Nwaogazie, David Nweke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692996","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world, there has been an upsurge in the different forms of intellectual property (IP) such as expressions of art, inventions, innovations, and industrial property. The owners of these forms of IP are protected under various rights like patents for inventions and copyright for expressions of art. In 2010 alone, China recorded about 600, 000 patents and in 2014, it recorded almost 1.5 million patents. This and similar revelations relating to the rise in the protection of IP have led to different arguments on the relevance of adequate recognition, enforcement, and implementation of intellectual property rights in Africa. This essay, therefore, seeks to answer the question of whether it is necessary or merely an issue of luxury to protect IP in Africa.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82196360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-13DOI: 10.9734/ajeba/2020/v16i430248
Sajjad Hosain, Abu Hena Mohammad Manzurul Arefin, M. A. Hossin
Electronic recruitment (E-recruitment) has become a common phenomenon due to the increasing utilization of information technology by the human resource departments in many organizations around the world. However, recently, we can also observe the integration of social media as a part of e-recruitment although the practice is limited. This review paper aims at discussing the role of social media on e-recruitment process based on existing literature. Most of the previous studies indicate that social media is not being used as the main source of e-recruitment, rather as one of the secondary sources. Further, it has been revealed that such utilization of social media as complementary source is getting popular due to the inexpensive availability of information. The paper is expected to be beneficial for the scholars as a substantial literature evidence for reference as well as for human resource professionals for some practical guidelines (based on recommendations provided) regarding the utilization of social media information for e-recruitment.
{"title":"E-recruitment: A Social Media Perspective","authors":"Sajjad Hosain, Abu Hena Mohammad Manzurul Arefin, M. A. Hossin","doi":"10.9734/ajeba/2020/v16i430248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2020/v16i430248","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic recruitment (E-recruitment) has become a common phenomenon due to the increasing utilization of information technology by the human resource departments in many organizations around the world. However, recently, we can also observe the integration of social media as a part of e-recruitment although the practice is limited. This review paper aims at discussing the role of social media on e-recruitment process based on existing literature. Most of the previous studies indicate that social media is not being used as the main source of e-recruitment, rather as one of the secondary sources. Further, it has been revealed that such utilization of social media as complementary source is getting popular due to the inexpensive availability of information. The paper is expected to be beneficial for the scholars as a substantial literature evidence for reference as well as for human resource professionals for some practical guidelines (based on recommendations provided) regarding the utilization of social media information for e-recruitment.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78292711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the explosive growth in Chinese domestic patenting over the period 2000-2018 from the point of view of a global knowledge production function. When new knowledge production is global, subsidies to patenting increase the number of patent applications, but cannot increase the real number of innovations. Using the rest of the world as a benchmark, we estimate the expected number of applications that "should'' have been filed in China, based on macroeconomic innovation determinants (population, income, researchers and R&D). We find that, by 2018, China's residents filed about 1.4 million applications, while its underlying fundamentals predict about 212,000 applications -- total inflation of more than 500%. After computing a domestic patent "deflator,'' we investigate the extent to which domestic patent inflation extends to China's patenting abroad, where we find an inverse relationship between the propensity to export and patent quality. We investigate applications and exports in the telecommunications sector, where despite a higher-than-average export propensity, both the growth rate and the average quality of patents have fallen over the past decade. Finally, after calibrating our results, we find that the increase in the aggregate quantity of Chinese patents is associated with a corresponding reduction in quality, to only about 19% of the quality of an unsubsidized sample. These offsetting quantity-quality effects do not increase aggregate innovation, but increase the aggregate value of domestic patents by about 24%. In short, reports of the Chinese takeover of the world's innovation systems are greatly exaggerated.
{"title":"Innovative Output in China","authors":"Jonathan D. Putnam, H. Luu, N. Ngo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3760816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3760816","url":null,"abstract":"We study the explosive growth in Chinese domestic patenting over the period 2000-2018 from the point of view of a global knowledge production function. When new knowledge production is global, subsidies to patenting increase the number of patent applications, but cannot increase the real number of innovations. Using the rest of the world as a benchmark, we estimate the expected number of applications that \"should'' have been filed in China, based on macroeconomic innovation determinants (population, income, researchers and R&D). We find that, by 2018, China's residents filed about 1.4 million applications, while its underlying fundamentals predict about 212,000 applications -- total inflation of more than 500%. After computing a domestic patent \"deflator,'' we investigate the extent to which domestic patent inflation extends to China's patenting abroad, where we find an inverse relationship between the propensity to export and patent quality. We investigate applications and exports in the telecommunications sector, where despite a higher-than-average export propensity, both the growth rate and the average quality of patents have fallen over the past decade. Finally, after calibrating our results, we find that the increase in the aggregate quantity of Chinese patents is associated with a corresponding reduction in quality, to only about 19% of the quality of an unsubsidized sample. These offsetting quantity-quality effects do not increase aggregate innovation, but increase the aggregate value of domestic patents by about 24%. In short, reports of the Chinese takeover of the world's innovation systems are greatly exaggerated.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87666937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to present a unique database on commercialized patents and to illustrate how it can be used to analyze the commercialization process of patents. The dataset is based on a survey of Swedish patents owned by inventors and small firms with a remarkably high response rate of 80 percent. It contains some key variables on commercialization not found anywhere else, including whether, when and how (acquisition, licensing, existing or new firm) patents were commercialized as well as whether this commercialization was profitable or not. Thus, this patent database measures technological innovation. The dataset is complemented with indicators of patent quality (patent renewal, forward citations, and patent family) from archive sources. Basic statistics for the key variables are described. Finally, the scientific output in terms of published articles in peer-reviewed journals shows how this database can be used to analyze the commercialization process of patents. The dataset has, for instance, been used to 1) evaluate government loan programs for inventors; 2) analyze the different roles of the inventor and the Schumpeterian entrepreneur during commercialization; 3) estimate the transfer of tacit knowledge when patents are sold or licensed; and 4) analyze the entry strategy among inventors in oligopolistic markets
{"title":"The Scientific Output of a Database on Commercialized Patents","authors":"R. Svensson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3672363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3672363","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to present a unique database on commercialized patents and to illustrate how it can be used to analyze the commercialization process of patents. The dataset is based on a survey of Swedish patents owned by inventors and small firms with a remarkably high response rate of 80 percent. It contains some key variables on commercialization not found anywhere else, including whether, when and how (acquisition, licensing, existing or new firm) patents were commercialized as well as whether this commercialization was profitable or not. Thus, this patent database measures technological innovation. The dataset is complemented with indicators of patent quality (patent renewal, forward citations, and patent family) from archive sources. Basic statistics for the key variables are described. Finally, the scientific output in terms of published articles in peer-reviewed journals shows how this database can be used to analyze the commercialization process of patents. The dataset has, for instance, been used to 1) evaluate government loan programs for inventors; 2) analyze the different roles of the inventor and the Schumpeterian entrepreneur during commercialization; 3) estimate the transfer of tacit knowledge when patents are sold or licensed; and 4) analyze the entry strategy among inventors in oligopolistic markets","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is aimed at examining relation between factors determining export behavior and propensity to innovate to fill Afghanistan specific literature gap. For this purpose, a number of 236 small and medium manufacturing firms were targeted as statistical unit of analysis. Required data were collected through questionnaire distributed to owner/manager of firms. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariate probit regression were utilized to analyze the data. Findings confirmed no significant relationship between export behavior and propensity to innovate. It further suggests that marketing innovation and technological advancement positively and significantly influence export behavior and propensity to innovate. Furthermore, and unlike result of many other similar studies there was insignificant influence of firm size and firm age on propensity to innovation.
{"title":"Export Behaviour and Propensity to Innovation in a Developing Country: The Case of Afghanistan","authors":"Aimal Mirza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679388","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is aimed at examining relation between factors determining export behavior and propensity to innovate to fill Afghanistan specific literature gap. For this purpose, a number of 236 small and medium manufacturing firms were targeted as statistical unit of analysis. Required data were collected through questionnaire distributed to owner/manager of firms. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariate probit regression were utilized to analyze the data. Findings confirmed no significant relationship between export behavior and propensity to innovate. It further suggests that marketing innovation and technological advancement positively and significantly influence export behavior and propensity to innovate. Furthermore, and unlike result of many other similar studies there was insignificant influence of firm size and firm age on propensity to innovation.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87565987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Kassis, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Matthias Sutter
In this paper, we show that the right to determine the sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament improves the chances of winning the contest. Because studying dynamic team tournaments – like R&D races – with interim feedback is difficult with company data, we examine decisions of highly paid professionals in soccer penalty shootouts and show that teams whose captains can decide about the shooting sequence are more likely to win the shootout. So, managerial decisions matter for outcomes of dynamic tournaments and we discuss potential reasons for this finding.
{"title":"Psychological Pressure and the Right to Determine the Moves in Dynamic Tournaments – Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment","authors":"Mark Kassis, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Matthias Sutter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679956","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we show that the right to determine the sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament improves the chances of winning the contest. Because studying dynamic team tournaments – like R&D races – with interim feedback is difficult with company data, we examine decisions of highly paid professionals in soccer penalty shootouts and show that teams whose captains can decide about the shooting sequence are more likely to win the shootout. So, managerial decisions matter for outcomes of dynamic tournaments and we discuss potential reasons for this finding.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an one-commodity economy populated by capitalists equipped with equal endowment but with heterogeneous linear production technology, a division of the capitalist class emerges endogenously. The capitalists with relatively weak technology, yielding the profit rate lower than the interest rate, become a money capitalist (lender), whereas the capitalists with relatively strong technology, yielding the profit rate greater than the interest rate, become an industrial capitalist (borrower). The equilibrium interest rate is derived by the associated demand and supply relation. From this setup of the model follow two essential relationships Marx establishes between the average profit rate and the interest rate: (i) that the profit (rate) sets a maximum limit of interest (rate), and (ii) that the two rates are correlated in the long-run. Lastly, the profit rate of financial sector is less than that of industrial sector due to the basic setup of the model where the industrial sector uses leverage to amplify the underlying capital profit rate, whereas the financial sector lacks inter-mediation technology, which would have enabled it to borrow profitably.
{"title":"A Division of the Capitalist Class and the Market for Money Capital","authors":"H. Park","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3651377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3651377","url":null,"abstract":"In an one-commodity economy populated by capitalists equipped with equal endowment but with heterogeneous linear production technology, a division of the capitalist class emerges endogenously. The capitalists with relatively weak technology, yielding the profit rate lower than the interest rate, become a money capitalist (lender), whereas the capitalists with relatively strong technology, yielding the profit rate greater than the interest rate, become an industrial capitalist (borrower). The equilibrium interest rate is derived by the associated demand and supply relation. From this setup of the model follow two essential relationships Marx establishes between the average profit rate and the interest rate: (i) that the profit (rate) sets a maximum limit of interest (rate), and (ii) that the two rates are correlated in the long-run. Lastly, the profit rate of financial sector is less than that of industrial sector due to the basic setup of the model where the industrial sector uses leverage to amplify the underlying capital profit rate, whereas the financial sector lacks inter-mediation technology, which would have enabled it to borrow profitably.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77887806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether domestic or foreign firms gained more from labour churning while adjusting to the Great Recession in Estonia. During times of high unemployment, all firms can raise their requirements for new employees, but in times of crisis foreign firms may have more resources available for restructuring. We analysed matched employee-employer data from Estonian firms from 2006 to 2013, and show that an increase in labour churning is related to a positive change in labour productivity during economic crisis. During boom years churning is related to a negative change in labour productivity. In both cases a slightly upward convex pattern can be noticed. Only in services during the crisis did foreign firms have a stronger positive relationship between labour churning and labour productivity changes than domestic firms. However, our analysis at the individual level does not confirm that during a crisis foreign firms hire more employees with characteristics that have been found to be related to productivity increases. We also show empirically that hiring employees who relatively often change jobs is negatively related to changes in labour productivity. In light of the world-wide virus-related crisis of 2020, this paper proves that economic downturns can be a good opportunity to restructure the pool of employees.
{"title":"Productivity Gains From Labour Churning in Economic Crisis: Do Foreign Firms Gain More?","authors":"Liis Roosaar, U. Varblane, J. Masso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3646895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3646895","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether domestic or foreign firms gained more from labour churning while adjusting to the Great Recession in Estonia. During times of high unemployment, all firms can raise their requirements for new employees, but in times of crisis foreign firms may have more resources available for restructuring. We analysed matched employee-employer data from Estonian firms from 2006 to 2013, and show that an increase in labour churning is related to a positive change in labour productivity during economic crisis. During boom years churning is related to a negative change in labour productivity. In both cases a slightly upward convex pattern can be noticed. Only in services during the crisis did foreign firms have a stronger positive relationship between labour churning and labour productivity changes than domestic firms. However, our analysis at the individual level does not confirm that during a crisis foreign firms hire more employees with characteristics that have been found to be related to productivity increases. We also show empirically that hiring employees who relatively often change jobs is negatively related to changes in labour productivity. In light of the world-wide virus-related crisis of 2020, this paper proves that economic downturns can be a good opportunity to restructure the pool of employees.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77278065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Taha, Syed Muhammad Osama Ali, D. Siddiqui
The subject matter of this case study is to show what variable causes low productivity and limiting its full potential mainly focusing on the textile firm of Pakistan namely Naz Textile Limited (NTL). The approach used in this study was of Practice-oriented case study approach from which we followed a descriptive case study research method. The productivity is dependent on two main factors namely machinery and labors, in which we traced with the help of evidence that the problem of low productivity was caused by the recent hiring of unskilled labor, the reason or hiring unskilled labor was due to scarcity of skilled labor and low budget of the firm available to hire if any highly skilled labor is to be found. Following the process, we found out that the only solution left for the firm is to convert the unskilled to skilled labor that can only be possible with the help of training. The training can be provided to the unskilled labor through various methods such as On the Job training and Off the Job training methods. The firm must also establish a Training department that can choose the right training methods; this department can be headed by the most experienced labor or any other hired professional trainer for a technical institute which can also monitor the whole production processes. This case study’s main focus was to increase the Practitioner firm Naz Textile’s knowledge to increase their productivity without large expenses to be incurred and achieving success in less time. These methods can be applied to any firm related not only to the textile field but also be used for other manufacturing firms located in different sectors.
{"title":"Effect of Unskilled Labor on Firm’s Productivity: A Case on Naz Textile, Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Taha, Syed Muhammad Osama Ali, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641385","url":null,"abstract":"The subject matter of this case study is to show what variable causes low productivity and limiting its full potential mainly focusing on the textile firm of Pakistan namely Naz Textile Limited (NTL). The approach used in this study was of Practice-oriented case study approach from which we followed a descriptive case study research method. The productivity is dependent on two main factors namely machinery and labors, in which we traced with the help of evidence that the problem of low productivity was caused by the recent hiring of unskilled labor, the reason or hiring unskilled labor was due to scarcity of skilled labor and low budget of the firm available to hire if any highly skilled labor is to be found. Following the process, we found out that the only solution left for the firm is to convert the unskilled to skilled labor that can only be possible with the help of training. The training can be provided to the unskilled labor through various methods such as On the Job training and Off the Job training methods. The firm must also establish a Training department that can choose the right training methods; this department can be headed by the most experienced labor or any other hired professional trainer for a technical institute which can also monitor the whole production processes. This case study’s main focus was to increase the Practitioner firm Naz Textile’s knowledge to increase their productivity without large expenses to be incurred and achieving success in less time. These methods can be applied to any firm related not only to the textile field but also be used for other manufacturing firms located in different sectors.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84137171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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