Abstract Digital platforms, such as Alibaba and Amazon, operate an online marketplace to facilitate transactions. This paper studies a platform’s business model choice between accepting cash and issuing tokens, as well as the implications for welfare, resiliency, and interoperability. A cash platform free rides on the existing payment infrastructure and profits from collecting transaction fees. A token platform earns seigniorage, albeit bearing the costs of setting up the system and holding reserves to mitigate the cyber risk. Tokens earn consumers a return, insulating transactions from the liquidity costs of using cash, but also expose them to the remaining cyber risk. The platform issues tokens if the interest rate is high, the platform scope is large, and the cyber risk is small. Unbacked floating tokens with zero transaction fees or interest-bearing stablecoins can implement the equilibrium business model, which is not necessarily socially optimal because the platform does not internalize its impacts on off-platform activities. The model explains why Amazon does not issue tokens, but Alipay issues tokens circulatable outside its Alibaba platforms. Regulations such as a minimum reserve requirement can reduce welfare.
{"title":"Payments on Digital Platforms: Resiliency, Interoperability, and Welfare","authors":"Jonathan Chiu, Tsz-Nga Wong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3923992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3923992","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital platforms, such as Alibaba and Amazon, operate an online marketplace to facilitate transactions. This paper studies a platform’s business model choice between accepting cash and issuing tokens, as well as the implications for welfare, resiliency, and interoperability. A cash platform free rides on the existing payment infrastructure and profits from collecting transaction fees. A token platform earns seigniorage, albeit bearing the costs of setting up the system and holding reserves to mitigate the cyber risk. Tokens earn consumers a return, insulating transactions from the liquidity costs of using cash, but also expose them to the remaining cyber risk. The platform issues tokens if the interest rate is high, the platform scope is large, and the cyber risk is small. Unbacked floating tokens with zero transaction fees or interest-bearing stablecoins can implement the equilibrium business model, which is not necessarily socially optimal because the platform does not internalize its impacts on off-platform activities. The model explains why Amazon does not issue tokens, but Alipay issues tokens circulatable outside its Alibaba platforms. Regulations such as a minimum reserve requirement can reduce welfare.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87339913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a representative sample of the U.S. adult population, we analyze which payment methods consumers use to pay other consumers (p2p) and how these choices depend on transaction and demographic characteristics. We construct a random matching model of consumers with diverse preferences over the use of payment methods for p2p payments. The model is calibrated to the share of p2p payments made with cash, checks, and electronic technologies from 2015 to 2019. We find about two-thirds of consumers have a first p2p payment preference of cash. One-third rank checks first. Approximately 94 percent of consumers rank electronic technologies second.
{"title":"How People Pay Each Other: Data, Theory, and Calibrations","authors":"C. Greene, B. Prescott, Oz Shy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3780348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3780348","url":null,"abstract":"Using a representative sample of the U.S. adult population, we analyze which payment methods consumers use to pay other consumers (p2p) and how these choices depend on transaction and demographic characteristics. We construct a random matching model of consumers with diverse preferences over the use of payment methods for p2p payments. The model is calibrated to the share of p2p payments made with cash, checks, and electronic technologies from 2015 to 2019. We find about two-thirds of consumers have a first p2p payment preference of cash. One-third rank checks first. Approximately 94 percent of consumers rank electronic technologies second.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use price and wage data from McDonald's restaurants to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing a flurry of minimum wage hikes from 2016-2020. We estimate an elasticity of hourly wage rates with respect to minimum wages of 0.7. In 40% of instances where minimum wages increase, McDonald's restaurants' wages are near the effective minimum wage level both before and after its increase; however, we also uncover a tendency among a large subset of restaurants to preserve their pay 'premium' above the minimum wage level. We find no association between the adoption of labor-saving touch screen ordering technology and minimum wage hikes. Our data imply that McDonald's restaurants pass through the higher costs of minimum wage increases in the form of higher prices of the Big Mac sandwich. We find a 0.2 price elasticity with respect to wage increases, which implies an elasticity of prices with respect to minimum wages of about 0.14. Based on a listing of all US McDonald's restaurants from 2010 to 2020, we also find no effects of minimum wages on McDonald's restaurant entry and exit.
{"title":"Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants","authors":"O. Ashenfelter, Š. Jurajda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3784134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3784134","url":null,"abstract":"We use price and wage data from McDonald's restaurants to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing a flurry of minimum wage hikes from 2016-2020. We estimate an elasticity of hourly wage rates with respect to minimum wages of 0.7. In 40% of instances where minimum wages increase, McDonald's restaurants' wages are near the effective minimum wage level both before and after its increase; however, we also uncover a tendency among a large subset of restaurants to preserve their pay 'premium' above the minimum wage level. We find no association between the adoption of labor-saving touch screen ordering technology and minimum wage hikes. Our data imply that McDonald's restaurants pass through the higher costs of minimum wage increases in the form of higher prices of the Big Mac sandwich. We find a 0.2 price elasticity with respect to wage increases, which implies an elasticity of prices with respect to minimum wages of about 0.14. Based on a listing of all US McDonald's restaurants from 2010 to 2020, we also find no effects of minimum wages on McDonald's restaurant entry and exit.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89923920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information systems are important components that can support operational functions and activities in an organization or company. The existing information system has been widely used in various business fields, one of which is the banking system. Talking about banking cannot be separated from banking activities such as financial transactions. Transactions will be easier to do using mobile banking because, with mobile banking, financial transaction activities can be done quickly and easily. In today's globalization everyone has a lot of mobility, such as paying to buy using the internet and the number of sellers who sell on the internet. Therefore, it aims to explain and analyze the effect of 1) the variable perception of the usefulness of the use of mobile banking, 2) The variable of perceived ease of use of mobile banking, and 3) Perception of usability of the use of mobile banking. This study uses an explanatory research method with a quantitative approach. The object of this research is all Jakarta State University students who use mobile banking.
{"title":"The Effect of Perceptions of Usefulness, Perceptions of Ease, Perceptions of Usability on the Use of Mobile Banking","authors":"A. Ardiansyah, Osly Usman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3768877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3768877","url":null,"abstract":"Information systems are important components that can support operational functions and activities in an organization or company. The existing information system has been widely used in various business fields, one of which is the banking system. Talking about banking cannot be separated from banking activities such as financial transactions. Transactions will be easier to do using mobile banking because, with mobile banking, financial transaction activities can be done quickly and easily. In today's globalization everyone has a lot of mobility, such as paying to buy using the internet and the number of sellers who sell on the internet. Therefore, it aims to explain and analyze the effect of 1) the variable perception of the usefulness of the use of mobile banking, 2) The variable of perceived ease of use of mobile banking, and 3) Perception of usability of the use of mobile banking. This study uses an explanatory research method with a quantitative approach. The object of this research is all Jakarta State University students who use mobile banking.<br>","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90288401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) enable for disintermediation of services and decentralisation of the software processes enabling them. By doing so, processes can become transparent, verifiable, tamper-proof, and immutable. They have the capacity to provide an unchangeable history, or log, of all actions that have taken place which could be traced back to specific stakeholders. It can be said that such features allow for the implementation of use-cases that strive towards the common good such as financial inclusion, ethical supply chains, and community empowerment – however, decentralisation may not always work towards the common good (Ellul & Pace, 2018). The question of whether and how exactly blockchain can help towards the common good is, indeed, too wide-ranging. What exactly the term common good is has changed, and has been debated since Aristotelian times (Dupré, 1993). In this paper a narrower concept, public interest, and its relation to decentralisation will be explored, after which we aim to provide a conceptual framework that can aid in visualising the decentralisation complexities of DLT. The proposed conceptual framework can thereafter aid in determining a system’s relevance to de/centralisation goals in aid of the public interest.
{"title":"Blockchain, Decentralisation and the Public Interest: The need for a Decentralisation Conceptual Framework for dApps","authors":"J. Ellul","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3788887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3788887","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) enable for disintermediation of services and decentralisation of the software processes enabling them. By doing so, processes can become transparent, verifiable, tamper-proof, and immutable. They have the capacity to provide an unchangeable history, or log, of all actions that have taken place which could be traced back to specific stakeholders. It can be said that such features allow for the implementation of use-cases that strive towards the common good such as financial inclusion, ethical supply chains, and community empowerment – however, decentralisation may not always work towards the common good (Ellul & Pace, 2018). The question of whether and how exactly blockchain can help towards the common good is, indeed, too wide-ranging. What exactly the term common good is has changed, and has been debated since Aristotelian times (Dupré, 1993). In this paper a narrower concept, public interest, and its relation to decentralisation will be explored, after which we aim to provide a conceptual framework that can aid in visualising the decentralisation complexities of DLT. The proposed conceptual framework can thereafter aid in determining a system’s relevance to de/centralisation goals in aid of the public interest.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78173247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today banks and financial institutions, digital technologies strive to make full use of the available hardware and software capabilities to create an environment of customer loyalty.
The introduction of financial innovation began with the development of technology. The introduction of credit cards in the 1950s, the rise of ATMs in the 1960s, was the Fintech version of that time. Today this term will be more correctly used for digital banking technologies such as digital wallets, blockchain technologies, and more. Online budgeting tools, expense tracking, even automated chatbots for customer service are how Fintech is changing the financial services landscape. At every level, tasks (budgeting, customer service, and more) are solved in fast, efficient ways, often using automated technologies and machine learning algorithms. These technologies are rapidly changing and are propelling the financial services industry in new directions.
Thus, today digital financial technologies are not a guarantee of leading positions in the market, but basic requirements from banks for their existence.
{"title":"The Introduction of Digital Technologies Into the Economic Activity of the Country, as Well as the Impact of the Digital Factor on Human Life","authors":"A. Baghirzade","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3801602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3801602","url":null,"abstract":"Today banks and financial institutions, digital technologies strive to make full use of the available hardware and software capabilities to create an environment of customer loyalty.<br><br>The introduction of financial innovation began with the development of technology. The introduction of credit cards in the 1950s, the rise of ATMs in the 1960s, was the Fintech version of that time. Today this term will be more correctly used for digital banking technologies such as digital wallets, blockchain technologies, and more. Online budgeting tools, expense tracking, even automated chatbots for customer service are how Fintech is changing the financial services landscape. At every level, tasks (budgeting, customer service, and more) are solved in fast, efficient ways, often using automated technologies and machine learning algorithms. These technologies are rapidly changing and are propelling the financial services industry in new directions.<br><br>Thus, today digital financial technologies are not a guarantee of leading positions in the market, but basic requirements from banks for their existence.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79191277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the lack of consensus among experimental studies on the effects of R&D and renewable energy on CO2 emissions, this study attempted to bridge the divide. Additionally, the study contributes by examining the role of pandemics in CO2 emissions through the use of a new pandemics index. Panel data models are estimated to examine the effects of determinants of CO2 emission using annual data from 2003 to 2017 in sample of 54 countries. Our findings indicate that increased trade openness, urbanization, and GDP per capita contribute significantly to the spread of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the negative coefficient of squared GDP per capita emphasized the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Additionally, the inclusion of spillover effects from R&D resulted in a statistically significant increase in its coefficient. Moreover, despite the increasing impact of R&D on CO2 emission reductions, its indirect effects resulted in increased energy use efficiency and a reduction in the damaging environmental effects of production expansion. While renewable energy production reduces CO2 emissions, these reductions can be mitigated or improved, and in some cases, even be positive, depending on the state of R&D in the countries studied. Furthermore, our findings indicate that epidemics had a negligible effect on CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Environmental Implications of R&D's Spillover Effects on Resource Use Efficiency and Renewable Energy Components","authors":"M. Khezri, A. Heshmati, K. Fraser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3927015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3927015","url":null,"abstract":"Given the lack of consensus among experimental studies on the effects of R&D and renewable energy on CO2 emissions, this study attempted to bridge the divide. Additionally, the study contributes by examining the role of pandemics in CO2 emissions through the use of a new pandemics index. Panel data models are estimated to examine the effects of determinants of CO2 emission using annual data from 2003 to 2017 in sample of 54 countries. Our findings indicate that increased trade openness, urbanization, and GDP per capita contribute significantly to the spread of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the negative coefficient of squared GDP per capita emphasized the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Additionally, the inclusion of spillover effects from R&D resulted in a statistically significant increase in its coefficient. Moreover, despite the increasing impact of R&D on CO2 emission reductions, its indirect effects resulted in increased energy use efficiency and a reduction in the damaging environmental effects of production expansion. While renewable energy production reduces CO2 emissions, these reductions can be mitigated or improved, and in some cases, even be positive, depending on the state of R&D in the countries studied. Furthermore, our findings indicate that epidemics had a negligible effect on CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73794651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a sample of commercial aircraft transactions, the paper decomposes the raw fire sale discount on sales of aircraft by distressed airlines into three components: (i) quality impairment due to under-maintenance, (ii) misallocation to lower productivity users, and (iii) a liquidity component due to the immediacy of the sale. Results indicate that financially distressed airlines sell aircraft that have a lower life expectancy and lower productivity. We combine the two effects into a quality impairment adjustment that explains around one half of the raw liquidation discount. For the remaining discount of around 9%, we find no direct evidence of misallocation to lower productivity users and industry outsiders. Rather, the post-sale users of distressed aircraft have significantly higher productivity than the distressed sellers, while their productivity is similar to that of other (non-distressed) users. In summary, our results indicate that the inefficiencies associated with fire sales are likely to be lower than have been previously documented.
{"title":"Revisiting the Asset Fire Sale Discount: Evidence from Commercial Aircraft Sales","authors":"J. Franks, Gunjan Seth, Oren Sussman, Vikrant Vig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3763826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3763826","url":null,"abstract":"Using a sample of commercial aircraft transactions, the paper decomposes the raw fire sale discount on sales of aircraft by distressed airlines into three components: (i) quality impairment due to under-maintenance, (ii) misallocation to lower productivity users, and (iii) a liquidity component due to the immediacy of the sale. Results indicate that financially distressed airlines sell aircraft that have a lower life expectancy and lower productivity. We combine the two effects into a quality impairment adjustment that explains around one half of the raw liquidation discount. For the remaining discount of around 9%, we find no direct evidence of misallocation to lower productivity users and industry outsiders. Rather, the post-sale users of distressed aircraft have significantly higher productivity than the distressed sellers, while their productivity is similar to that of other (non-distressed) users. In summary, our results indicate that the inefficiencies associated with fire sales are likely to be lower than have been previously documented.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74054724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organized immaturity can be defined as the erosion of the individual’s capacity for public use of reason, due to surveillance and control mechanisms of socio-technological systems, ideologies, or autocratic leaders and regimes. Such pushbacks on the Enlightenment have been a concern for philosophers and social theorists. Today, technological advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (such as social media, Internet of Things, smart cities) are inducing new and even more sophisticated forms of organized immaturity. Left to their own devices, systems initially designed to meet human needs tend to slide from service to paternalism, with undesirable reduc-tionist, totalizing and infantilizing effects. To counteract the effects of organized immaturity on individuals and society, we suggest two social mechanisms. Firstly, disorganizing (or anti-organizing) organized immaturity seeks to protect or increase negative freedom (‘freedom from’) of individuals. Secondly, organizing individual and collective maturity emphasizes the strengthening of positive freedom (‘freedom to’) of individuals as well as social groups and col-lectives.
{"title":"New Challenges to Enlightenment: Why Socio-Technological Conditions Lead to Organized Immaturity and What to Do About it","authors":"A. Scherer, C. Neesham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3753612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3753612","url":null,"abstract":"Organized immaturity can be defined as the erosion of the individual’s capacity for public use of reason, due to surveillance and control mechanisms of socio-technological systems, ideologies, or autocratic leaders and regimes. Such pushbacks on the Enlightenment have been a concern for philosophers and social theorists. Today, technological advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (such as social media, Internet of Things, smart cities) are inducing new and even more sophisticated forms of organized immaturity. Left to their own devices, systems initially designed to meet human needs tend to slide from service to paternalism, with undesirable reduc-tionist, totalizing and infantilizing effects. To counteract the effects of organized immaturity on individuals and society, we suggest two social mechanisms. Firstly, disorganizing (or anti-organizing) organized immaturity seeks to protect or increase negative freedom (‘freedom from’) of individuals. Secondly, organizing individual and collective maturity emphasizes the strengthening of positive freedom (‘freedom to’) of individuals as well as social groups and col-lectives.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79119803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.22394/1726-1139-2020-8-123-131
V. Belov
Russian Abstract: Современная экономическая ситуация как в мире, так и в России характеризуется значительным снижением темпов экономического развития разных стран, что, несомненно, сказывается и на уровне благосостояния большинства граждан: наблюдаются снижение реальных доходов населения, увеличение числа бедных, снижение покупательской способности граждан, рост количества безработных и прочие негативные социальные явления. Причин сложившейся ситуации множество, к некоторым из них можно отнести следующие: неблагоприятная для России мировая конъюнктура рынка энергоресурсов, связанная с падением цен на мировых рынках на стратегическое сырье (нефть); из-за пандемии коронавируса всеобщая приостановка производственно-хозяйственной деятельности во всем мире, нарушение цепи поставок материалов и готовой продукции на производственные мощности предприятий и конечные рынки сбыта, замкнутость в социально-экономическом развитии отдельных государств в национально-территориальных границах; накопившиеся, но пока не получившие своего полного разрешения, внутренние пространственно-экономические проблемы в самой России
English Abstract: The article considers one of the most important economic indicators – labor productivity, determines the dependence of economic and social growth on its increase, analyzes the target indicators of the national project of the same name, and suggests measures aimed at improving the methodology for calculating labor productivity at the enterprise, which should contribute to a more correct reflection of the real situation in the country.
俄罗斯的Abstract:当今世界和俄罗斯的经济状况都显著下降，这无疑会影响到大多数公民的福祉:实际收入下降、穷人增加、购买力下降、失业人数增加以及其他负面社会现象。造成这种情况的原因有很多，其中一些可以归因于:俄罗斯不利的全球能源市场环境，因为全球市场价格下跌(石油);由于日冕病毒大流行，全球经济活动普遍暂停，材料和成品供应中断，企业生产能力和最终销售市场中断，国家领土边界内个别国家的社会经济发展陷入孤立;在俄罗斯的english Abstract中，累积但尚未得到充分解决的内部空间和经济问题:文章considers one of The most important economic indicators - labor productivity determines The dependence of economic and social《on its increase analyzes The target indicators of The national project of The same name and suggests措施aimed at improving The methodology for rechnender raum labor productivity at The enterprise, should contribute to a more套倒影of The real situation in The country。
{"title":"(ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ТРУДА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ГРАЖДАН РОССИИ) Labor Productivity as a Tool for Increasing Economic Growth and Social Well-being of Russian Citizens","authors":"V. Belov","doi":"10.22394/1726-1139-2020-8-123-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-8-123-131","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Современная экономическая ситуация как в мире, так и в России характеризуется значительным снижением темпов экономического развития разных стран, что, несомненно, сказывается и на уровне благосостояния большинства граждан: наблюдаются снижение реальных доходов населения, увеличение числа бедных, снижение покупательской способности граждан, рост количества безработных и прочие негативные социальные явления. Причин сложившейся ситуации множество, к некоторым из них можно отнести следующие: неблагоприятная для России мировая конъюнктура рынка энергоресурсов, связанная с падением цен на мировых рынках на стратегическое сырье (нефть); из-за пандемии коронавируса всеобщая приостановка производственно-хозяйственной деятельности во всем мире, нарушение цепи поставок материалов и готовой продукции на производственные мощности предприятий и конечные рынки сбыта, замкнутость в социально-экономическом развитии отдельных государств в национально-территориальных границах; накопившиеся, но пока не получившие своего полного разрешения, внутренние пространственно-экономические проблемы в самой России<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The article considers one of the most important economic indicators – labor productivity, determines the dependence of economic and social growth on its increase, analyzes the target indicators of the national project of the same name, and suggests measures aimed at improving the methodology for calculating labor productivity at the enterprise, which should contribute to a more correct reflection of the real situation in the country.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85313052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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