Pub Date : 2018-07-29DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.09
G. Rojas, R. Rondon, A. Gurrola
The aim of the present study is to assess theoretical and practical analysis of scientific publications on solar desalination. This analysis is proposed within mechanical design theory framework. For this, inductive and statistical methods were used in analysis of the scientific publications of different specialties that deal with the design process of solar desalination. With the use of the mentioned methods a tendency was obtained that justifies applying the study results to this type of devices of the approaches of the theory of the mechanical design analyzed. Statistical analysis is conducted for the above assessment not only analytically but quantitatively. This gives responses to problems currently posed by different authors related to the possibility of linking several disciplines used today in isolation for the application of mechanical design theory to this type of solar desalination.
{"title":"Mechanical Engineering Design Theory Framework for Solar Desalination Processes: A Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"G. Rojas, R. Rondon, A. Gurrola","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to assess theoretical and practical analysis of scientific publications on solar desalination. This analysis is proposed within mechanical design theory framework. For this, inductive and statistical methods were used in analysis of the scientific publications of different specialties that deal with the design process of solar desalination. With the use of the mentioned methods a tendency was obtained that justifies applying the study results to this type of devices of the approaches of the theory of the mechanical design analyzed. Statistical analysis is conducted for the above assessment not only analytically but quantitatively. This gives responses to problems currently posed by different authors related to the possibility of linking several disciplines used today in isolation for the application of mechanical design theory to this type of solar desalination.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89739422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-16DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.01
Djamel Bensahal, A. Yousfi
This paper is focusing on hourly air temperature estimation model (MAT) using available meteorological measured data located in Laghouat (Algeria). The hourly air temperature defined by the present model can be calculated at any time of the night or the day period based on atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation and relative humidity data. This work was compared with three published models from the literature as: Wave, Idliman and Double cosine. Fifteen months of hourly atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation, relative humidity and air temperature data collected during the period (January 2015 to March 2016) were used to test the accuracy of the various models studied. The analysis of the days selected randomly showed that the MAT model gave substantially good fit to the observed data. The RMSE of the MAT model is less than 0.5 oC during all the period of study than the other models studied ranged in the interval (2 oC, 4 oC). The estimated results are compared to the measured ones by using statistical parameters tests such as the mean bias error (MBE), the mean percentage error (MPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2).
{"title":"Hourly Air Temperature Modeling Based on Atmospheric Pressure, Global Solar Radiation and Relative Humidity Data","authors":"Djamel Bensahal, A. Yousfi","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focusing on hourly air temperature estimation model (MAT) using available meteorological measured data located in Laghouat (Algeria). The hourly air temperature defined by the present model can be calculated at any time of the night or the day period based on atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation and relative humidity data. This work was compared with three published models from the literature as: Wave, Idliman and Double cosine. Fifteen months of hourly atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation, relative humidity and air temperature data collected during the period (January 2015 to March 2016) were used to test the accuracy of the various models studied. The analysis of the days selected randomly showed that the MAT model gave substantially good fit to the observed data. The RMSE of the MAT model is less than 0.5 oC during all the period of study than the other models studied ranged in the interval (2 oC, 4 oC). The estimated results are compared to the measured ones by using statistical parameters tests such as the mean bias error (MBE), the mean percentage error (MPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2).","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"2010 1","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86291607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.02
Y. Jani, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, A. Bučinskas, M. Kriipsalu, J. Burlakovs, W. Hogland
Mining landfills and open dumpsites is associated with (40-70% by mass) fine fraction of particle sizes less than 20 or 10 mm. Soil and trace elements of considerable concentrations typically domin ...
{"title":"Speciation of Cu, Zn and Cr in Excavated Fine Fraction of Waste at two Landfills","authors":"Y. Jani, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, A. Bučinskas, M. Kriipsalu, J. Burlakovs, W. Hogland","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Mining landfills and open dumpsites is associated with (40-70% by mass) fine fraction of particle sizes less than 20 or 10 mm. Soil and trace elements of considerable concentrations typically domin ...","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"205 1","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76448419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2018.09.02.05
A. Al-Khazzar
In this study, PVsyst simulation software is used to analyze a PV grid tied system in a typical primary school in Iraq. The proposed system is 5kW which is affordable and applicable from the cost and required area points respectively. The monthly averaged electrical load for a typical school is approximately calculated. The system simulation has been done for thirteen Iraqi provinces while it is described and its performance is analyzed in details for Baghdad city as an example. The performance ratio for the system in Baghdad is 0.825 and about 9.82MWhr is generated by the system per year, 62.7% is consumed by the load and the remaining is injected to the national grid. The results showed that the initial capital cost is 5,442$ which is returned after five and a half years. The cost of 1 kWhr if the system operates for 10 years is 0.058$. This study clearly demonstrates that photovoltaic power system can effectively assist the peak load on the grid. In addition, these systems are very economical/no maintenance project and can be hooked to any the peak time load.
{"title":"A Theoretical Detailed Analysis for a Proposed 5kW PV Grid-Connected System Installed in Iraq Using PVsyst Tool","authors":"A. Al-Khazzar","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2018.09.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2018.09.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, PVsyst simulation software is used to analyze a PV grid tied system in a typical primary school in Iraq. The proposed system is 5kW which is affordable and applicable from the cost and required area points respectively. The monthly averaged electrical load for a typical school is approximately calculated. The system simulation has been done for thirteen Iraqi provinces while it is described and its performance is analyzed in details for Baghdad city as an example. The performance ratio for the system in Baghdad is 0.825 and about 9.82MWhr is generated by the system per year, 62.7% is consumed by the load and the remaining is injected to the national grid. The results showed that the initial capital cost is 5,442$ which is returned after five and a half years. The cost of 1 kWhr if the system operates for 10 years is 0.058$. This study clearly demonstrates that photovoltaic power system can effectively assist the peak load on the grid. In addition, these systems are very economical/no maintenance project and can be hooked to any the peak time load.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"29 1","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74958597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.01.08
E. Ajagbe, J. Saliu, S. Ayoola, N. Menkiti
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health risk for high trophic level predators and the Stockholm Convention requires measures to reduce or eliminate their release into the environment. The study was conducted an ecological survey on River Ogun, Lagos, Nigeria, quarterly over a period of two years (March 2013-February 2015). Water physicochemistry and the levels of nine PCB congeners were analyzed in water and sediment samples from five river zones: Agboyi, Maidan, Owode Elede, Kara, and Akute. Water physicochemistry showed significant (p<0.05) increases in conductivity, turbidity, temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen in the dry season compared to rainy season across the zones, while there was an increase in pH, transparency and depth in the rainy season across the zones. Mean temperature in the range of 28.53 -28.95°C, the mean pHranged between 5.58-7.74, mean total dissolved solid ranged between 0.67 -1.69 g/L, mean conductivity ranged between 0.77 mS/cm -0.94 mS/cm, mean salinity ranged between 0.05 -0.42%, mean turbidity ranged between 29.30-30.50NTU, mean Secchi-disc transparency ranged between 2.88-3.16m, mean depth ranged between 3.21-3.65m while meaning dissolved oxygen ranged between 14.54- 22.65mg/L.PCB congeners were analyzed in sediment and water samples. The analyzed categories were the IUPAC numbers: non-ortho PCBs (CBs 8, 18 and 58), mono-ortho PCBs (CBs 87, 128,170 and 195) and dl-PCBs(CBs 206 and 209). The mean concentrations of PCBs in the sediment samples for all zones ranged from 0.000078-0.01μg/kg, while the mean concentrations of PCBs in the water samples for all the sampled zones ranged from 0.00006-0.006mg/L. The total PCBs concentrations in all water samples in this study for the rainy and dry seasons were 0.0296 mg/Land 0.0299 mgL-1, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for the rainy season ranged from 0.0039 - 0.014 and between 0.0047 - 0.013571 for the dry season. The cancer risk for the rainy season ranged from 3.90 × 10-6 - 9.82 ×10-6, while that of the dry season ranged from 1.57× 10-7 - 3.17 × 10-7. There was no significant difference between the congeners when the samples were subjected to descriptive (mean and standard error) and analysis of variance statistics and P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Means were separated using Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests, p<0.05). PCB concentrations in all the zones were above US EPA limits in surface waters (0.0005 mg/L), which is a cause for environmental concern for River Ogun.
{"title":"Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contamination in Water and Sediment Samples in Upper River Ogun, Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ajagbe, J. Saliu, S. Ayoola, N. Menkiti","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health risk for high trophic level predators and the Stockholm Convention requires measures to reduce or eliminate their release into the environment. The study was conducted an ecological survey on River Ogun, Lagos, Nigeria, quarterly over a period of two years (March 2013-February 2015). Water physicochemistry and the levels of nine PCB congeners were analyzed in water and sediment samples from five river zones: Agboyi, Maidan, Owode Elede, Kara, and Akute. Water physicochemistry showed significant (p<0.05) increases in conductivity, turbidity, temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen in the dry season compared to rainy season across the zones, while there was an increase in pH, transparency and depth in the rainy season across the zones. Mean temperature in the range of 28.53 -28.95°C, the mean pHranged between 5.58-7.74, mean total dissolved solid ranged between 0.67 -1.69 g/L, mean conductivity ranged between 0.77 mS/cm -0.94 mS/cm, mean salinity ranged between 0.05 -0.42%, mean turbidity ranged between 29.30-30.50NTU, mean Secchi-disc transparency ranged between 2.88-3.16m, mean depth ranged between 3.21-3.65m while meaning dissolved oxygen ranged between 14.54- 22.65mg/L.PCB congeners were analyzed in sediment and water samples. The analyzed categories were the IUPAC numbers: non-ortho PCBs (CBs 8, 18 and 58), mono-ortho PCBs (CBs 87, 128,170 and 195) and dl-PCBs(CBs 206 and 209). The mean concentrations of PCBs in the sediment samples for all zones ranged from 0.000078-0.01μg/kg, while the mean concentrations of PCBs in the water samples for all the sampled zones ranged from 0.00006-0.006mg/L. The total PCBs concentrations in all water samples in this study for the rainy and dry seasons were 0.0296 mg/Land 0.0299 mgL-1, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for the rainy season ranged from 0.0039 - 0.014 and between 0.0047 - 0.013571 for the dry season. The cancer risk for the rainy season ranged from 3.90 × 10-6 - 9.82 ×10-6, while that of the dry season ranged from 1.57× 10-7 - 3.17 × 10-7. There was no significant difference between the congeners when the samples were subjected to descriptive (mean and standard error) and analysis of variance statistics and P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Means were separated using Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests, p<0.05). PCB concentrations in all the zones were above US EPA limits in surface waters (0.0005 mg/L), which is a cause for environmental concern for River Ogun.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82603235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.04.02
A. Harlina, M. Liyana, H. N. Syuhada, I. Norli
Rice field is one of the agriculture areas in Malaysia that is exposed to the usage of pesticide before the paddy planting phase, during vegetative phase and the post- harvesting phase. The study was to determine the water quality and also degradation of isoprothiolane in paddy field water samples. Isoprothiolane is one of the fungicides that is used during the vegetative phase to kill the fungi on the paddies. This study of isoprothiolane degradation in water samples was conducted in four different conditions, namely autoclaved water sample exposed to sunlight, autoclaved water sample kept in dark, non-autoclave water sample exposed to sunlight and non-autoclaved water sample kept in dark via laboratory batch experiment in a course of 30 days. The extraction and determination of the isoprothiolane in the water samples were done by solid phase extraction method (SPE) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The study revealed that isoprothiolane degraded very slowly in all four conditions within 30 days of observation, and the degradation rates ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0037 day-1. The study also proved that the residue of isoprothiolane remained at least a month after its application.
稻田是马来西亚水稻种植前、营养期和收获后农药使用最严重的农业区域之一。研究了水田水样中异丙硫烷的水质及降解情况。异prothiolane是一种在营养阶段用于杀死稻田真菌的杀菌剂。本研究通过室内批量实验，在光照条件下的蒸压水样、光照条件下的蒸压水样、光照条件下的非蒸压水样和光照条件下的非蒸压水样四种不同条件下，对水样中的异丙硫烷降解进行了为期30天的研究。采用固相萃取法(SPE)提取和测定水样中的异丙硫烷，并采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。研究表明，在30天的观察期内，异丙硫烷在四种条件下的降解都非常缓慢，降解率在0.0003 ~ 0.0037 d -1之间。研究还证明，异丙硫烷在使用后至少有一个月的残留。
{"title":"Isoprothiolane Degradation in Water Column of Paddy Field from Penaga Village, Seberang Perai Utara, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","authors":"A. Harlina, M. Liyana, H. N. Syuhada, I. Norli","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Rice field is one of the agriculture areas in Malaysia that is exposed to the usage of pesticide before the paddy planting phase, during vegetative phase and the post- harvesting phase. The study was to determine the water quality and also degradation of isoprothiolane in paddy field water samples. Isoprothiolane is one of the fungicides that is used during the vegetative phase to kill the fungi on the paddies. This study of isoprothiolane degradation in water samples was conducted in four different conditions, namely autoclaved water sample exposed to sunlight, autoclaved water sample kept in dark, non-autoclave water sample exposed to sunlight and non-autoclaved water sample kept in dark via laboratory batch experiment in a course of 30 days. The extraction and determination of the isoprothiolane in the water samples were done by solid phase extraction method (SPE) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The study revealed that isoprothiolane degraded very slowly in all four conditions within 30 days of observation, and the degradation rates ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0037 day-1. The study also proved that the residue of isoprothiolane remained at least a month after its application.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"39 1","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76666763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.09
A. Haghollahi, M. H. Fazaelipoor, M. Schafie
This research work demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating bioremediation of a clay soil by supplementing with (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, sucrose (as an inducer for growth) and tween 80. The soil contained 7% residual gasoil. The bioremediation was stimulated by moisture adjustment to 10%, and inoculating with hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 were added to the soil to obtain soil samples with C:N:P ratios of 100:1.4:1.4, 100:6.4:1.9, 100:11.4:2.4, and 100:21.4:3.4. The C:N:P of 100:11.4:2.4 resulted in more than 78% gasoil removal for duration of two months. Tween 80, in the range of 0-20mL/ (kg soil), was added to the soil samples with C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. More than 84% removal was achieved when 10 mL/kg tween 80 was added to the soil. Sucrose, in the range of 0-20 g/(kg soil), was added to the soil samples with the C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. For the sucrose level of 20 g/(kg soil), 79% removal was obtained in two months. Additional experiment was also conducted at two porosity levels of 54% and 22%. The removal percentage in the soil with high porosity was almost twice as compared to soil with low porosity.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Contaminaed Clay Soils","authors":"A. Haghollahi, M. H. Fazaelipoor, M. Schafie","doi":"10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"This research work demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating bioremediation of a clay soil by supplementing with (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, sucrose (as an inducer for growth) and tween 80. The soil contained 7% residual gasoil. The bioremediation was stimulated by moisture adjustment to 10%, and inoculating with hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 were added to the soil to obtain soil samples with C:N:P ratios of 100:1.4:1.4, 100:6.4:1.9, 100:11.4:2.4, and 100:21.4:3.4. The C:N:P of 100:11.4:2.4 resulted in more than 78% gasoil removal for duration of two months. Tween 80, in the range of 0-20mL/ (kg soil), was added to the soil samples with C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. More than 84% removal was achieved when 10 mL/kg tween 80 was added to the soil. Sucrose, in the range of 0-20 g/(kg soil), was added to the soil samples with the C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. For the sucrose level of 20 g/(kg soil), 79% removal was obtained in two months. Additional experiment was also conducted at two porosity levels of 54% and 22%. The removal percentage in the soil with high porosity was almost twice as compared to soil with low porosity.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78946643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.02.03
Y. Jani, M. Kriipsalu, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, J. Burlakovs, Marika Hogl, G. Denafas, William Hogl
Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that aff ...
{"title":"Composition of waste at an early EU-landfill of Torma in Estonia","authors":"Y. Jani, M. Kriipsalu, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, J. Burlakovs, Marika Hogl, G. Denafas, William Hogl","doi":"10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2017.08.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that aff ...","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"62 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88840756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2017.08.01.04
C. Kurinjimalar, G. Kavitha, S. Shamshath-Begum, G. Rajaram, S. Nagaraj, N. Senthilkumar, R. Rengasamy
Biofuel production by a sustainable method using microalgae is entirely dependent on biomass production. However, commercialization at large scale using microalgae is a major obstacle using analytical grade growth nutrients, due to their cost effectiveness. Hence, development of a cost effective method is essential to reduce the production cost. Therefore, the present study envisaged the effect of low-cost commercial fertilizers such as urea, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, potash and di-ammonium phosphate as growth nutrients for the production of biomass and total lipid of Botryococcus braunii were made. The biomass and total lipid production were optimized using Response Surface Methodology by 2 Central Composite Design. The result showed 225 mg L of urea, 650 mg L of sodium bicarbonate, 225 mg L of magnesium sulfate, 150 mg L of potash and 15 mg L of di-ammonium phosphate supported the algal growth with a maximum biomass and total lipid of 0.792 gL dry wt.. and 260 mg L dry wt.., respectively. The biomass productivity of alga B. brauniiat the above condition recorded as 0.04 gL day with a generation time of 1.90 days. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2017.08.01.04
{"title":"Optimization and production of Botryococcus braunii biomass using commercial nutrients by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"C. Kurinjimalar, G. Kavitha, S. Shamshath-Begum, G. Rajaram, S. Nagaraj, N. Senthilkumar, R. Rengasamy","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2017.08.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2017.08.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuel production by a sustainable method using microalgae is entirely dependent on biomass production. However, commercialization at large scale using microalgae is a major obstacle using analytical grade growth nutrients, due to their cost effectiveness. Hence, development of a cost effective method is essential to reduce the production cost. Therefore, the present study envisaged the effect of low-cost commercial fertilizers such as urea, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, potash and di-ammonium phosphate as growth nutrients for the production of biomass and total lipid of Botryococcus braunii were made. The biomass and total lipid production were optimized using Response Surface Methodology by 2 Central Composite Design. The result showed 225 mg L of urea, 650 mg L of sodium bicarbonate, 225 mg L of magnesium sulfate, 150 mg L of potash and 15 mg L of di-ammonium phosphate supported the algal growth with a maximum biomass and total lipid of 0.792 gL dry wt.. and 260 mg L dry wt.., respectively. The biomass productivity of alga B. brauniiat the above condition recorded as 0.04 gL day with a generation time of 1.90 days. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2017.08.01.04","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83094629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.08
K. Sharma, S. Jain, U. Chandrawat
Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel nano-structured photo catalyst Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 by Pechini method. Prepared catalyst is characterized using simultaneous thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra Violet Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD pattern suggests that Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 crystallizes in the cubic structure. The formation of perovskite phase can be confirmed by the presence of metal-oxygen band in the FTIR spectrum. SEM image reveals the nano sized plate like structure of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with particle size in the range of 10-45 nm. The band gap is calculated from the DRS and is found to be 1.8eV. The band gap and crystalline nature suggest that this material can be used as a photo catalyst. The photo catalytic activity of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 is evaluated for degradation of Malachite Green dye under visible light irradiation. The results reveal that 0.75 gL-1 Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with initial concentration of Malachite Green 40 mgL-1 irradiated for 30 minutes shows the highest photo catalytic activity. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, the photo catalytic degradation of Malachite green dye follows pseudo-first-order kinetics.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 Nano Particles with High Visible Light Photo Catalytic Activity","authors":"K. Sharma, S. Jain, U. Chandrawat","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel nano-structured photo catalyst Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 by Pechini method. Prepared catalyst is characterized using simultaneous thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra Violet Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD pattern suggests that Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 crystallizes in the cubic structure. The formation of perovskite phase can be confirmed by the presence of metal-oxygen band in the FTIR spectrum. SEM image reveals the nano sized plate like structure of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with particle size in the range of 10-45 nm. The band gap is calculated from the DRS and is found to be 1.8eV. The band gap and crystalline nature suggest that this material can be used as a photo catalyst. The photo catalytic activity of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 is evaluated for degradation of Malachite Green dye under visible light irradiation. The results reveal that 0.75 gL-1 Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with initial concentration of Malachite Green 40 mgL-1 irradiated for 30 minutes shows the highest photo catalytic activity. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, the photo catalytic degradation of Malachite green dye follows pseudo-first-order kinetics.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"375-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90974950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：