Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.11
R. J. Jawad, M. Ismail, S. I. Siajam
This study was about the investigation of the removal of iron ions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by using novel adsorbent which is Alginate–Mangrove Composite Beads Coated by Chitosan (AMCBCC). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) to prove the successful coating by Chitosan and also to provide an evidence of iron ions were adsorbed on the surface of the beads. Batch studies were conducted by using different parameters, such as pH, dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. It was found that at pH value of 3, 300 g/L of AMCBCC concentration, and a contact time of 72 hours the maximum removal of iron ions was 92.7%. The isotherm equilibrium data were followed Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo second order.
{"title":"Adsorption of Iron Ions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Novel Adsorbent of Alginate–Mangrove Composite Beads Coated by Chitosan","authors":"R. J. Jawad, M. Ismail, S. I. Siajam","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was about the investigation of the removal of iron ions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by using novel adsorbent which is Alginate–Mangrove Composite Beads Coated by Chitosan (AMCBCC). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) to prove the successful coating by Chitosan and also to provide an evidence of iron ions were adsorbed on the surface of the beads. Batch studies were conducted by using different parameters, such as pH, dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. It was found that at pH value of 3, 300 g/L of AMCBCC concentration, and a contact time of 72 hours the maximum removal of iron ions was 92.7%. The isotherm equilibrium data were followed Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo second order.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"39 1","pages":"393-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77425136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.05
P. Chaithra, K. Hemashree, J. Bhat
Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from raw cocoa pod (RCP) by three activation methods; physical (CPC), chemical (Z CPC, zinc chloride) and microwave activation (MW-CPC). The synthesized AC was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique (FT-IR), thermal analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), atomic absorption spectroscopic technique (AAS) and flame photometer instrument. The characterization data reveals that microwave activated carbon having good adsorbent character than physical and chemical activated carbon. Adsorption of malachite green on CPC, Z CPC and MW-CPC were studied at various experimental condition. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model holds good for the adsorption process. The mechanism of adsorption followed the second order kinetics. Thermodynamics of adsorption were studied. The amount of dye adsorbed onto activated carbons varies in the order MW-CPC (29.3632mg/g) > CPC (29.3537mg/g) > Z CPC (27.9905mg/g).
{"title":"An Investigation on the Attack of Dye Species on Freshly Synthesized and Characterized Activated Carbon from Cocoa Pod","authors":"P. Chaithra, K. Hemashree, J. Bhat","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from raw cocoa pod (RCP) by three activation methods; physical (CPC), chemical (Z CPC, zinc chloride) and microwave activation (MW-CPC). The synthesized AC was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique (FT-IR), thermal analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), atomic absorption spectroscopic technique (AAS) and flame photometer instrument. The characterization data reveals that microwave activated carbon having good adsorbent character than physical and chemical activated carbon. Adsorption of malachite green on CPC, Z CPC and MW-CPC were studied at various experimental condition. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model holds good for the adsorption process. The mechanism of adsorption followed the second order kinetics. Thermodynamics of adsorption were studied. The amount of dye adsorbed onto activated carbons varies in the order MW-CPC (29.3632mg/g) > CPC (29.3537mg/g) > Z CPC (27.9905mg/g).","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"37 1","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81681222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.04
G. Ebong, E. Moses
Roadside dusts from high traffic density areas in Uyo, Ikot Ekpene, Eket, Ibeno, Abak and Itu local government areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were analyzed for concentrations of total cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc and lead. Optimized Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) speciation method was used for determination of metals forms. Results indicated that, mean concentrations of Cd and Cu were higher while concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb were lower than their standards. Cd and Cr existed predominantly in acid extractable form, Cu and Zn in residual fraction while Ni and Pb mostly in reducible form. Cd and Pb were in the high risk class while Cu, Ni and Zn were within the low risk zone. Ibeno as the most contaminated area studied, closely followed by Uyo while Abak was the least contaminated area. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive association and common source for the metals evaluated in this study.
{"title":"Metal Speciation and Pollution status of Trace Metals in Roadside Dusts in high traffic density areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Ebong, E. Moses","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Roadside dusts from high traffic density areas in Uyo, Ikot Ekpene, Eket, Ibeno, Abak and Itu local government areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were analyzed for concentrations of total cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc and lead. Optimized Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) speciation method was used for determination of metals forms. Results indicated that, mean concentrations of Cd and Cu were higher while concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb were lower than their standards. Cd and Cr existed predominantly in acid extractable form, Cu and Zn in residual fraction while Ni and Pb mostly in reducible form. Cd and Pb were in the high risk class while Cu, Ni and Zn were within the low risk zone. Ibeno as the most contaminated area studied, closely followed by Uyo while Abak was the least contaminated area. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive association and common source for the metals evaluated in this study.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79378871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.10
Ling Wei Low, T. Teng, N. Morad, B. Azahari
A B S T R A C T The effects of various carbonization parameters on the COD reduction of Rhodamine B dye aqueous solutions using carbonized Elaeis guineensis frond fiber (EGFF) chars have been studied experimentally. The adsorbent with the particle size of <45 µm has been carbonized at temperature from 500-900 o C with carbonization duration of 1-3 h at a heating rate of 10-30 o C/min and nitrogen gas flow rate of 100-500 cm 3 /min. Carbonization temperature, carbonization duration, heating rate and nitrogen gas flow rate were significantly affecting the carbonization process. Statistical analysisresponse surface methodology (RSM)- face centered composite design (FCCD) was used to obtain the optimal carbonization conditions. The optimum condition for carbonization of EGFF was obtained at carbonization temperature of 899 o C, carbonization duration of 2.7 h, heating rate of 10 o C/min, and nitrogen flow rate of 243 cm3/min with 98.88 % of COD reduction of Rhodamine B
{"title":"Effects of Carbonization Parameters on the COD Reduction of Rhodamine B Dye Aqueous Solutions Using Elaeis guineensis Frond Fiber","authors":"Ling Wei Low, T. Teng, N. Morad, B. Azahari","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T The effects of various carbonization parameters on the COD reduction of Rhodamine B dye aqueous solutions using carbonized Elaeis guineensis frond fiber (EGFF) chars have been studied experimentally. The adsorbent with the particle size of <45 µm has been carbonized at temperature from 500-900 o C with carbonization duration of 1-3 h at a heating rate of 10-30 o C/min and nitrogen gas flow rate of 100-500 cm 3 /min. Carbonization temperature, carbonization duration, heating rate and nitrogen gas flow rate were significantly affecting the carbonization process. Statistical analysisresponse surface methodology (RSM)- face centered composite design (FCCD) was used to obtain the optimal carbonization conditions. The optimum condition for carbonization of EGFF was obtained at carbonization temperature of 899 o C, carbonization duration of 2.7 h, heating rate of 10 o C/min, and nitrogen flow rate of 243 cm3/min with 98.88 % of COD reduction of Rhodamine B","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75629038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.04
M. N. Noorzalila, M. N. Asikin
The increasing number of environmental pollution through carbon emission from combustion of fuels and the unstable fluctuation of global petroleum prices have alarmed a signal that a clean alternative energy is in urgent need. Through the past years, a lot of researches have been focusing in producing biodiesel which can be made from natural elements such as plants and recyclable materials, hence defined its renewable properties as biodegradable, sustainable and non-toxic fuel. The focuses have been varied from the variable of feedstock used, development of catalysts and different kind of methodologies for the production of biodiesel. In this study, the feasibility of biodiesel to be synthesized from a low cost feedstock which is coconut waste has been investigated. The abundance of coconut waste readily obtained from the market, restaurants and hotels were converted to a value-added fuel through an in-situ transesterification. It is found that at ratio of 12.5:1 of methanol to solid coconut waste, with reaction time of 6 hours and 5wt% of catalyst could obtain up to 90% of biodiesel content. This investigation concludes that coconut waste has the potential to be further used for synthesis of biodiesel through in-situ transesterification reaction. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.04
{"title":"Sythesis of Biodiesel from Coconut Waste via In-situ Transesterification","authors":"M. N. Noorzalila, M. N. Asikin","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of environmental pollution through carbon emission from combustion of fuels and the unstable fluctuation of global petroleum prices have alarmed a signal that a clean alternative energy is in urgent need. Through the past years, a lot of researches have been focusing in producing biodiesel which can be made from natural elements such as plants and recyclable materials, hence defined its renewable properties as biodegradable, sustainable and non-toxic fuel. The focuses have been varied from the variable of feedstock used, development of catalysts and different kind of methodologies for the production of biodiesel. In this study, the feasibility of biodiesel to be synthesized from a low cost feedstock which is coconut waste has been investigated. The abundance of coconut waste readily obtained from the market, restaurants and hotels were converted to a value-added fuel through an in-situ transesterification. It is found that at ratio of 12.5:1 of methanol to solid coconut waste, with reaction time of 6 hours and 5wt% of catalyst could obtain up to 90% of biodiesel content. This investigation concludes that coconut waste has the potential to be further used for synthesis of biodiesel through in-situ transesterification reaction. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.04","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"317 1","pages":"109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80141946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02
Sunwanee Jijai, Galaya Srisuwan, S. O-thong, I. Norli, Siripatana
This study aimed to evaluate the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of different types of wastewaters and sizes of granules. The granules (CS: from a cassava, SS: a seafood, and PS: a palm oil factory) and wastewaters initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were 18,800, 4,200 and 100,000 mg/l respectively). Modified Gompertz equation was used to compare the data from the experiments. Wastewater from a cassava factory gave the highest BMP when used with only granules from its own source (CS). Wastewater from seafood factory had the highest nitrogen content thus, represented the most imbalance nutrient source. In this case, mixgranules (SS+CS) gave highest BMP. Palm oil mill effluent did not match COD: N ratio criterion and had too high COD level which caused substrate inhibition. Here the mix-granules (PS+CS) gave highest BMP. In general, the larger granule size and the nutrient balance could improve the efficiency and hence increase the biogas production rate. The initial COD or different substrate has a strong effect on BMP and the maximum specific methane rates whereas the different sizes of granule have an effect on the length of lag phase period. In most cases, it was sufficient to represent the experimental data with traditional modified Gompertz equation and Monod models. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02
{"title":"Effect of substrate and granules/inocula sizes on biochemical methane potential and methane kinetics.","authors":"Sunwanee Jijai, Galaya Srisuwan, S. O-thong, I. Norli, Siripatana","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of different types of wastewaters and sizes of granules. The granules (CS: from a cassava, SS: a seafood, and PS: a palm oil factory) and wastewaters initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were 18,800, 4,200 and 100,000 mg/l respectively). Modified Gompertz equation was used to compare the data from the experiments. Wastewater from a cassava factory gave the highest BMP when used with only granules from its own source (CS). Wastewater from seafood factory had the highest nitrogen content thus, represented the most imbalance nutrient source. In this case, mixgranules (SS+CS) gave highest BMP. Palm oil mill effluent did not match COD: N ratio criterion and had too high COD level which caused substrate inhibition. Here the mix-granules (PS+CS) gave highest BMP. In general, the larger granule size and the nutrient balance could improve the efficiency and hence increase the biogas production rate. The initial COD or different substrate has a strong effect on BMP and the maximum specific methane rates whereas the different sizes of granule have an effect on the length of lag phase period. In most cases, it was sufficient to represent the experimental data with traditional modified Gompertz equation and Monod models. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"42 9 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77489186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.17
A. A. Nurhanim, I. Norli, N. Morad, H. Khalil
Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) aims to minimize the generation of waste and reduce the dependency on natural resources. The aims of the research are to characterize inorganic element and to determine the leaching behavior of CDW (concrete and gypsum) by means of the leaching test. The analyzed results were compared with the European Union (EU) Landfill Directive to assess their acceptance criteria. Both wastes were found to have elements of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Se, Ni, CI and SO4 . The highest concentration and variety of inorganic element found in waste gypsum (WG) were SO4 >Ca>CI>Mg>Zn>Cu>Fe. X-ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis proved that the WCo was dominated by quartz, calcite, ettringite, cordierite, diopside and the WG was only dominated by gypsum. The leaching behavior of WG demonstrated pH dependent particularly for the elements of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn but only the elements of Ca and Cr in WCo were shown to be pH dependent in the leaching test. The element of SO4 2from the WG indicated a higher reading than WCo without the influence of pH. Noticeably, the concentration of SO4 2within the WG strongly require regulation and control before it can be utilized as part of raw materials in the production of environmental friendly recycled building materials. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.17
{"title":"Leaching Behavior of Construction and Demolition Waste (Concrete and Gypsum)","authors":"A. A. Nurhanim, I. Norli, N. Morad, H. Khalil","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) aims to minimize the generation of waste and reduce the dependency on natural resources. The aims of the research are to characterize inorganic element and to determine the leaching behavior of CDW (concrete and gypsum) by means of the leaching test. The analyzed results were compared with the European Union (EU) Landfill Directive to assess their acceptance criteria. Both wastes were found to have elements of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Se, Ni, CI and SO4 . The highest concentration and variety of inorganic element found in waste gypsum (WG) were SO4 >Ca>CI>Mg>Zn>Cu>Fe. X-ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis proved that the WCo was dominated by quartz, calcite, ettringite, cordierite, diopside and the WG was only dominated by gypsum. The leaching behavior of WG demonstrated pH dependent particularly for the elements of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn but only the elements of Ca and Cr in WCo were shown to be pH dependent in the leaching test. The element of SO4 2from the WG indicated a higher reading than WCo without the influence of pH. Noticeably, the concentration of SO4 2within the WG strongly require regulation and control before it can be utilized as part of raw materials in the production of environmental friendly recycled building materials. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.17","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.15
S. Hena, N. Fatihah, H. Awang
In this study a simple and rapid harvesting method using electro conductive polymer coated saw dust has been presented as a new coagulant for separating Chlorella vulgaris from a diluted suspension. Polypyrrole (PPy) coated saw dust as a novel coagulant was prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer using FeCl 3 oxidant in aqueous medium in which saw dust particles were suspended. The zeta potential of coagulant and C. vulgaris and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis of coagulant were characterized. PPy maintain predominantly positive charge over a wide pH range (2-10) with an isoelectric point 10.4 while, C. vulgaris maintained negative surface charge from pH 5 and onward with isoelectric point 3.8. The microalgae showed the highest separation efficiency at pH 10. The maximal recovery efficiency reached more than 90% for microalgae at a stirring speed of 120 rpm within 7 min. The maximal adsorption capacity of C. vulgaris was 28.8 mg dry biomass/mg-saw dust coated PPy. The concentration factor obtained is higher than 32 which save energy and time associated with microalgal harvesting and allows a reduction in the equipment size necessary for biomass dewatering and improves the feasibility of using these microorganisms in biofuel or wastewater processes.
{"title":"A novel and rapid harvesting method of microalgae using saw dust coated polypyrrole.","authors":"S. Hena, N. Fatihah, H. Awang","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a simple and rapid harvesting method using electro conductive polymer coated saw dust has been presented as a new coagulant for separating Chlorella vulgaris from a diluted suspension. Polypyrrole (PPy) coated saw dust as a novel coagulant was prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer using FeCl 3 oxidant in aqueous medium in which saw dust particles were suspended. The zeta potential of coagulant and C. vulgaris and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis of coagulant were characterized. PPy maintain predominantly positive charge over a wide pH range (2-10) with an isoelectric point 10.4 while, C. vulgaris maintained negative surface charge from pH 5 and onward with isoelectric point 3.8. The microalgae showed the highest separation efficiency at pH 10. The maximal recovery efficiency reached more than 90% for microalgae at a stirring speed of 120 rpm within 7 min. The maximal adsorption capacity of C. vulgaris was 28.8 mg dry biomass/mg-saw dust coated PPy. The concentration factor obtained is higher than 32 which save energy and time associated with microalgal harvesting and allows a reduction in the equipment size necessary for biomass dewatering and improves the feasibility of using these microorganisms in biofuel or wastewater processes.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"134 1","pages":"184-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79433739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.03
M. A. Ubaidah, S. M. H. S. Hilmi, M. Yunus, S. Tahiruddin
A B S T R A C T Freely emitted biogas at palm oil mills has been regarded as untapped energy source nowadays, despite being recognised as major contributor to the global warming. Up till now, most of palm oil mills are still operating with the conventional anaerobic digestion systems which may not spur biogas industry to life. This study shall explore biogas production between day and night under existing mill operating conditions at KKS Bukit Benut Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). Biogas produced during day time was 62% as compared to 38% during night time with the total methane emission of 490.3 kg/day. The methane concentration recorded at the digester tank ranged from 58.7 to 68.5%. The correlations between various factors that may influence biogas production were investigated. The finding shows that substrate feeding is the most influencial factor leading to high biogas production during day time.
尽管棕榈油厂自由排放的沼气被认为是造成全球变暖的主要原因，但如今它已被视为一种尚未开发的能源。到目前为止，大多数棕榈油厂仍在使用传统的厌氧消化系统，这可能不会刺激沼气工业的发展。本研究将探讨在KKS Bukit Benut污水处理厂(ETP)现有的工厂操作条件下，白天和晚上的沼气生产。白天产生的沼气占62%，而夜间产生的沼气占38%，总甲烷排放量为490.3 kg/天。沼气池记录的甲烷浓度为58.7% ~ 68.5%。研究了可能影响沼气生产的各种因素之间的相关性。研究结果表明，基质投料是导致白天高沼气产量的最重要因素。
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Biogas Production between Day and Night at Sime Darby's Palm Oil Mill","authors":"M. A. Ubaidah, S. M. H. S. Hilmi, M. Yunus, S. Tahiruddin","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2016.07.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T Freely emitted biogas at palm oil mills has been regarded as untapped energy source nowadays, despite being recognised as major contributor to the global warming. Up till now, most of palm oil mills are still operating with the conventional anaerobic digestion systems which may not spur biogas industry to life. This study shall explore biogas production between day and night under existing mill operating conditions at KKS Bukit Benut Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). Biogas produced during day time was 62% as compared to 38% during night time with the total methane emission of 490.3 kg/day. The methane concentration recorded at the digester tank ranged from 58.7 to 68.5%. The correlations between various factors that may influence biogas production were investigated. The finding shows that substrate feeding is the most influencial factor leading to high biogas production during day time.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74429207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.04
M. G. Sobamowo, S. J. Ojolo, C. Osheku, A. Kehinde
A B S T R A C T Pyrolysis plays an integrated role in the biomass conversion processes. The development of good mathematical models which in consequent leads to the design of pyrolysis reactors. The biomass gasifier is paramount in the scientific studies and understanding of the very important process in the thermochemical conversion of the solid fuels. However, due to the complexities of the biomass reaction scheme, the pyrolysis of biomass is generally modeled on the basis of apparent kinetics. Moreover, it is generally accepted that most important parameters affecting the process are temperature, concentration, residence time and heating conditions. This work presents the simulations of the pyrolysis kinetics of shrinking biomass particle under non-isothermal and isothermal heating conditions. The developed models were used to investigate the effects of shrinkage, heating conditions and heating rates on the pyrolysis of wood. There is a good agreement when the results of the developed models were compared to the experimental results. Theresults of this work could be used in estimating the optimum parameters in the pyrolysis of biomass and in the design of some pyrolysis reactors.
{"title":"Kinetic Modeling and Simulation of Pyrolysis of Shrinking BiomassParticle in Fixed Bed Gasifier","authors":"M. G. Sobamowo, S. J. Ojolo, C. Osheku, A. Kehinde","doi":"10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T Pyrolysis plays an integrated role in the biomass conversion processes. The development of good mathematical models which in consequent leads to the design of pyrolysis reactors. The biomass gasifier is paramount in the scientific studies and understanding of the very important process in the thermochemical conversion of the solid fuels. However, due to the complexities of the biomass reaction scheme, the pyrolysis of biomass is generally modeled on the basis of apparent kinetics. Moreover, it is generally accepted that most important parameters affecting the process are temperature, concentration, residence time and heating conditions. This work presents the simulations of the pyrolysis kinetics of shrinking biomass particle under non-isothermal and isothermal heating conditions. The developed models were used to investigate the effects of shrinkage, heating conditions and heating rates on the pyrolysis of wood. There is a good agreement when the results of the developed models were compared to the experimental results. Theresults of this work could be used in estimating the optimum parameters in the pyrolysis of biomass and in the design of some pyrolysis reactors.","PeriodicalId":14591,"journal":{"name":"iranica journal of energy and environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91469259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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