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Frugal innovation in the expansion of a multinational subsidiary in an emerging market 新兴市场跨国子公司扩张中的节约型创新
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e9322
Maísa Arend, Cláudia Felippe Ramos, Y. Souza
Abstract Frugal innovation consists of creating solutions based on the parsimonious use of resources with essential quality, design, and functionality, offered to customers with lower purchasing power. This study aims to analyze how a frugal innovation evolves in a multinational company during its expansion into a new market at the base of the pyramid (BoP). The adopted research strategy is a case study of a multinational subsidiary whose unit of analysis is the development of a frugal product from its inception to its presence in the market. A theoretical model that identifies the antecedents, processes, and results of frugal innovation supports data analysis. This study thus contributes establishing propositions that give specificity to the model with regard to the expansion of multinationals in an emerging market. The results reveal that strategy and brand consolidation precede the development of a frugal product, which is followed by systematic analysis of market characteristics, consumer behavior, and local competition. Additionally noteworthy are the horizontal integration and dynamic interaction of marketing and production; the adoption of a design that integrates basic functionalities, qualities, aesthetic attributes; and the minimal use of resources, the elimination of nonessential functionalities, the adoption of modularity as a production strategy, and the mastery of skills in production and learning strategies. Finally, the findings indicate the relevant combination and dynamization of organizational capabilities and their influence in reversing the technology transfer orientation between headquarters, as well as the consequences of frugal innovation.
摘要:节约型创新是一种基于资源的节约利用,提供给购买力较低的客户的具有基本质量、设计和功能的解决方案。本研究旨在分析一家跨国公司在向金字塔底部新市场扩张的过程中,节俭创新是如何演变的。所采用的研究策略是一个跨国子公司的案例研究,其分析单位是一种节俭产品从开始到进入市场的发展。一个理论模型,确定的前提,过程和结果的节约创新支持数据分析。因此,这项研究有助于建立命题,赋予模型的特殊性,关于跨国公司在新兴市场的扩张。结果表明,战略和品牌整合先于节俭产品的开发,然后是对市场特征、消费者行为和地方竞争的系统分析。另外值得注意的是营销和生产的横向整合和动态互动;采用集基本功能、品质、美学属性于一体的设计;最小限度地使用资源,消除不必要的功能,采用模块化作为生产策略,以及掌握生产和学习策略中的技能。最后,研究结果表明,组织能力的相关组合和动力化及其在扭转总部之间的技术转移倾向方面的影响,以及节俭创新的后果。
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引用次数: 0
A novel technological performance measurement indicator: a smart manufacturing approach 一种新的技术绩效衡量指标:智能制造方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2023v30e9622
Luisa Maria Tumbajoy Cardona, Mariela Muñoz-Añasco
Abstract The implementation of digital manufacturing technologies (DMTs) represents the beginning of transforming a manufacturing system towards a smart manufacturing system (SMS). Assessing the performance of the DMTs implemented is essential to meet the objectives in a SMS and allows identifying their usefulness. However, estimating this performance is a challenging task due to the heterogeneous characteristics of the DMTs, such as the origin of information, capacity, connectivity, etc. Although some SMS performance measurement metrics are known, none are intended to identify the performance of DMTs. This article follows a methodology for the construction of technological performance indicators and proposes a novel indicator based on the individual characteristics of the DMTs and the smart factory concept of interoperability. The proposed indicator allows approaching the behavior of one or multiple DMTs implemented simultaneously and introduces a quantifiable measurement that can be applied to any industrial process. It is noteworthy, that such an indicator is not present in the literature and may be of great interest to enterprises currently implementing DMTs related to SMS. The applicability of the indicator considering multiple DMTs is validated through an illustrative test case.
数字制造技术(dmt)的实施代表了制造系统向智能制造系统(SMS)转变的开始。评估所实现的dmt的性能对于满足SMS中的目标并确定其有用性至关重要。然而,由于dmt的异构特性(如信息来源、容量、连接性等),估计这种性能是一项具有挑战性的任务。虽然已知一些SMS性能度量指标,但没有一个是用来确定dmt的性能的。本文遵循技术绩效指标的构建方法,并基于dmt的个体特征和互操作性的智能工厂概念提出了一个新的指标。建议的指标允许接近同时实现的一个或多个dmt的行为,并引入可应用于任何工业过程的可量化测量。值得注意的是,这样的指标在文献中不存在,可能对目前实施与SMS相关的dmt的企业非常感兴趣。通过一个说明性测试用例验证了考虑多个dmt的指标的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies: an analysis of small and medium-sized companies in the state of São Paulo, Brazil 采用工业4.0技术:对巴西圣保罗州中小型企业的分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e122
Antonio Arnaldo Baio Junior, Marcelo José Carrer
Abstract This paper analyzed the level of adoption and compared characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies. Primary data for the year 2021 were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to 30 small and medium-sized companies of the metallurgical sector, who operate with machining processes, in the state of São Paulo. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical measures and correlation estimates. The technologies adopted by the companies in the sample were: Cloud Computing (10 companies), Horizontal and Vertical Integration Systems (5 companies), Big Data (4 companies) and Industrial Internet of Things (4 companies). The comparative analysis between the characteristics of adopters and non-adopters showed that: (I) adopters have, much more frequently, employees with ICT capabilities and also more frequently hire ICT consulting services; (II) the use of ERP and MRP systems is much higher among companies that adopt Industry 4.0 technologies; (III) adopters participate more frequently in cooperation programs with Universities, Science and Technology Institutes or Research and Technological Development Promotion Agencies; (IV) companies that adopt 4.0 technologies have a greater perception of relative advantage and compatibility of these technologies.
摘要本文分析了工业4.0技术的采用水平,并比较了采用和未采用工业4.0技术的企业的特点。2021年的主要数据是通过对圣保罗州30家从事机械加工的冶金部门中小型公司进行结构化问卷调查收集的。使用描述性统计方法和相关估计对数据进行分析。样本企业采用的技术有:云计算(10家)、横向和纵向集成系统(5家)、大数据(4家)和工业物联网(4家)。采用者与非采用者的特征对比分析表明:(1)采用者拥有更多具有ICT能力的员工,也更频繁地聘请ICT咨询服务;(2)采用工业4.0技术的企业ERP和MRP系统的使用率要高得多;(三)与高校、科技院所、研究技术发展促进机构的合作项目参与率提高;(四)采用4.0技术的企业对这些技术的相对优势和兼容性有更强的感知。
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引用次数: 0
Decision making in the process of choosing and deploying industry 4.0 technologies 选择和部署工业4.0技术过程中的决策
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e163
jocieli francisco da silva, Flavia Cristina da Silva, Débora Oliveira da Silva, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, Ágata Ritter
Abstract Advances in the development and use of Industry 4.0 technology has resulted in it being applied in various industries. Industry 4.0 enables companies to develop their operations and improve their organizational efficiency. The process of implementing Industry 4.0 is very important, as it requires significant investment, skilled labor and state-of-the-art technology. The aim of this article is to identify the main criteria behind decision-making in choosing and implementing technology, that is part of the Industry 4.0 concept. The research method chosen for the study was a systematic literature review. The results show that the use of broad requirements tends to be predominant, using large groups of criteria that are intended to aggregate several different requirements. This review is relevant because few recent studies have been found, and therefore this article helps to identify what has been published so far on the subject of decision-making around choosing and implementing Industry 4.0 technology in organizations and what criteria and tools they base their decisions on. To date, the research has not encountered any similar work that aims to group all the information on decision-making around choosing and implementing Industry 4.0 technology.
工业4.0技术的发展和使用的进步使其在各个行业得到应用。工业4.0使公司能够发展其业务并提高其组织效率。实施工业4.0的过程非常重要,因为它需要大量的投资、熟练的劳动力和最先进的技术。本文的目的是确定在选择和实施技术决策背后的主要标准,这是工业4.0概念的一部分。本研究选择的研究方法是系统的文献综述。结果表明,广泛需求的使用倾向于占主导地位,使用旨在汇总几个不同需求的大型标准组。这篇综述是相关的,因为最近很少有研究被发现,因此本文有助于确定迄今为止发表的关于在组织中选择和实施工业4.0技术的决策主题的内容,以及他们基于哪些标准和工具做出决策。到目前为止,该研究还没有遇到任何类似的工作,旨在围绕选择和实施工业4.0技术对所有决策信息进行分组。
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引用次数: 2
How do learning culture and dynamic capability interfere with team performance? 学习文化和动态能力如何影响团队绩效?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e134
R. D. Gonzalez
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of the relationship between the learning culture and the dynamic capability and performance of manufacturing teams in the industrial sector. Several studies propose that dynamic capability is capable of improving the organizational and financial performance of companies, however, little research is focused on simultaneously analyzing the relationship between dynamic capability and learning culture and manufacturing teamwork performance. This study is based on a survey of 201 companies in the Brazilian industrial sector with manufacturing teams, using the partial least squares (PLS) approach to develop structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results indicate that the dynamic capability has a strong positive influence on the team's performance and that, although the learning culture is not directly related to the performance, they offer contributions mediated by the dynamic capability.
摘要:本研究探讨了学习文化对工业部门制造团队动态能力和绩效的影响。一些研究提出动态能力能够提高企业的组织绩效和财务绩效,但很少有研究同时分析动态能力与学习文化和制造团队绩效之间的关系。本研究基于对巴西工业部门201家拥有制造团队的公司的调查,使用偏最小二乘(PLS)方法开发用于数据分析的结构方程建模。研究结果表明,动态能力对团队绩效有较强的正向影响,学习文化虽与绩效无直接关系,但在动态能力的中介作用下起到了一定的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Forecasting electricity generation from renewable sources during a pandemic 预测大流行期间可再生能源的发电量
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e024
Bianca Reichert, A. Souza, Meiri Mezzomo
Abstract Renewable sources are responsible for more than half of Brazilian electric generation, which basically correspond to hydropower, biomass and wind sources. This research aimed to verify if the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models present good performance in predicting electricity generation from biomass, hydropower and wind power for the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The best forecasting models adjusted for biomass, hydropower and wind generation was the SARIMA, since this model was able to identify seasonal effects of climatic instability, such as periods of drought. Based on the seasonality of the largest generating sources, renewable generation needs to be offset by other sources, as non-renewable, and more efforts are needed to make Brazilian electric matrix more sustainable.
可再生能源占巴西发电量的一半以上,基本对应水电、生物质能和风能。本研究旨在验证自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)模型在预测巴西2019冠状病毒病大流行头几个月的生物质、水电和风力发电方面是否表现良好。根据生物质能、水力发电和风力发电进行调整的最佳预测模型是SARIMA,因为该模型能够确定气候不稳定的季节性影响,例如干旱时期。根据最大的发电来源的季节性,可再生能源发电需要被其他来源抵消,因为不可再生,需要更多的努力使巴西电力矩阵更具可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Job rotation as a legal requirement: analysis of the participatory approach in acceptance and workers’ perception at a meatpacking plant 作为法律要求的轮岗:参与方式在肉类加工厂的接受度和工人感知分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e10522
Iracimara de Anchieta Messias, Adelaide Nascimento, Raoni Rocha
Abstract: This article presents an experience of a participative approach prior to the implementation of NR-36, which regulates work in meat and meat byproduct companies. Although the regulations provide for worker participation in the processes of implementing job rotation, they do not explain how to do it. This study was developed in 2017 in the livestock slaughtering sector of a company with 79 workers, using two complementary methods: systematic and analytical observation of the real work (totaling 32 hours of observation) in order to select the jobs that were primarily eligible for rotation, together with a survey of the workers' perception of the level of acceptance of rotation in the selected jobs. At first, 72% of the workers refused to accept the rotation. After inclusion and participation in the implementation process, 86% of the workers in the dirty area and 64% in the clean area agreed to the rotation. The advantages of rotation that most stood out included: the variability in work (30%), learning and gaining experience (40%), changes in movements (35%), and physical rest (32%). By contrast, the disadvantages included: the fear of accidents (30%) and the fear of change and of the unknown (25%). It can therefore be concluded that the participatory approach prior to changes in organizational design contributes to the understanding and perception of workers about the advantages and disadvantages of the rotation process, indicating improvements that comply with legal requirements.
摘要:本文介绍了在实施NR-36之前参与式方法的经验,NR-36规范了肉类和肉类副产品公司的工作。虽然条例规定工人参与实施工作轮换的过程,但没有说明如何做到这一点。本研究于2017年在一家拥有79名工人的公司的牲畜屠宰部门开展,采用两种互补的方法:对实际工作进行系统和分析性观察(总计32小时观察),以选择主要适合轮岗的工作,同时调查工人对所选工作轮岗接受程度的看法。起初,72%的工人拒绝接受轮岗。在纳入和参与实施过程后,脏区有86%的工人和洁净区有64%的工人同意轮岗。最突出的旋转优势包括:工作的可变性(30%),学习和获得经验(40%),动作的变化(35%)和身体休息(32%)。相比之下,缺点包括:害怕事故(30%),害怕变化和未知(25%)。因此可以得出结论,在改变组织设计之前的参与性办法有助于工人了解和认识轮岗过程的利弊,表明符合法律要求的改进。
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引用次数: 0
The perspective of trade union leaders from the Brazilian metallurgical sector on Industry 4.0 巴西冶金行业工会领导人对工业4.0的看法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e5422
Jorge Muniz Júnior, F. Martins, J. É. D. O. Santos, Daniel Wintersberger
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate trade unionists leaders' perspective on Industry 4.0. Questionnaires and interviews were carried out. Two conclusions were pointed out: a fragmented understanding of the concept and the low participation of workers in the implementation process. Looking forward to a just transition, the improvement of either the conceptual grasp and the workers' participation are necessary.
摘要:本文旨在探讨工会领袖对工业4.0的看法。进行了问卷调查和访谈。他们指出了两个结论:对概念的理解不完整和工作人员在执行过程中的参与度低。要实现公正的转型,既要提高观念的把握,又要提高工人的参与。
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引用次数: 1
Optimization models as applied to equipment replacement problems: review and trends 应用于设备更换问题的优化模型:回顾和趋势
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2023v30e4022
E. Abensur, Bruna Pereira Santos, Anselmo Alves Bandeira
Abstract Equipment replacement is a definitive and relevant engineering decision. The aim of this work was to identify and organize the mathematical optimization proposals and solution search techniques that have contributed toward solving this problem. As a result, we classified the bibliographic materials we identified into seven distinct types of approaches. The work also provides an integrative overview of the level of complementarity of the categories we identified. The network visualization approach represented about 57% of the selected works and is still in use today. Nonetheless, since 2000 other approaches, such as fuzzy logic, real options, and machine learning have increased by 40% and become relevant current trends.
设备更换是一项决定性的、相关的工程决策。这项工作的目的是识别和组织有助于解决这一问题的数学优化建议和解决方案搜索技术。因此,我们将我们确定的书目材料分为七种不同类型的方法。这项工作还提供了我们确定的类别的互补性水平的综合概述。网络可视化方法约占所选作品的57%,至今仍在使用。尽管如此,自2000年以来,模糊逻辑、实物期权和机器学习等其他方法增长了40%,并成为相关的当前趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of coffee output in Nigeria 尼日利亚咖啡产量动态
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9649-2022v29e7621
Ndubuisi Chigozirim Onwusiribe, J. Mbanasor, O. U. Oteh
Abstract: Coffee is a strategic cash crop for poverty reduction and economic growth in Nigeria, and it is consumed worldwide, making it a significant source of income at both the micro and macro levels. This study analysed the trends in ' 'Nigeria's coffee output and the short and long-run determinants of coffee output in Nigeria. A period of 38 years was considered and the data were sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank and the International Coffee Organization. The linear trend and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model were instrumental in the data analysis. The trend analysis reveals that coffee output is decreasing, necessitating immediate action. Fertiliser use and land availability for farmers require extra attention in the short run because they are significant and had a positive impact on coffee output. In the long-run climate change, producer price and fertiliser use negatively impact the coffee farmers' output. The need to make land easily accessible to coffee farmers by amending land use regulations to ensure the conservation and expansion of farmlands is one of the most notable recommendations of this study.
摘要:咖啡是尼日利亚减少贫困和经济增长的战略经济作物,在世界范围内消费,使其成为微观和宏观层面的重要收入来源。本研究分析了尼日利亚咖啡产量的趋势以及尼日利亚咖啡产量的短期和长期决定因素。研究考虑了38年的时间,数据来自粮食及农业组织、世界银行和国际咖啡组织。线性趋势和自回归分布滞后模型是数据分析的工具。趋势分析显示,咖啡产量正在下降,必须立即采取行动。在短期内,农民需要特别注意肥料的使用和土地的可用性,因为它们对咖啡产量有重要的积极影响。在长期的气候变化中,生产者价格和化肥的使用对咖啡农的产量产生了负面影响。通过修改土地使用法规,以确保农田的保护和扩大,使咖啡农更容易获得土地,这是本研究中最值得注意的建议之一。
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引用次数: 0
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