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Effect of low concentrations of lactic acid and temperature on the expression of adhesion, invasion, and toxin-encoding genes of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry. 低浓度乳酸和温度对家禽空肠弯曲菌粘附、侵袭和毒素编码基因表达的影响。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16313
Aliakbar Jadidi, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Abbas Abdollahi, Tannaz Abbasi-Dokht, Esmail Abdollahzadeh, Rasoul Baharlou

Background and objectives: The consumption of contaminated poultry meat is considered as a significant route of campylobacteriosis transmission. Lactic acid is a disinfectant agent with bactericidal effects on Campylobacter spp. The purpose of this study was to assess the low concentrations of lactic acid effect and different temperatures on the transcriptomic responses of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) adhesion and virulence-associated genes including peb4, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC.

Materials and methods: The samples were incubated at 10°C and 22°C for 48 h upon exposure to 30% and 60% lactic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of lactic acid was also determined. Then, gene expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: Lactic acid had lower MIC and MBC levels at lower temperature. The utilization of both levels of lactic acid significantly reduced the expression of peb4, ciaB, cdtB, and cdtC genes over 48 h of incubation at 22°C. However, no significant difference was found in the expression of the cdtA gene between 10 and 22°C at 30% lactic acid.

Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of low-concentration lactic acid in the downregulation of adhesion and virulence-associated genes as well as reduction of C. jejuni pathogenicity.

背景和目的:食用受污染的禽肉被认为是弯曲杆菌病的重要传播途径。本研究的目的是评估低浓度乳酸效应和不同温度对空肠弯曲菌(C. jejuni)粘附和毒力相关基因(包括 peb4、ciaB、cttA、cttB 和 cdtC)转录组反应的影响:样品暴露于 30% 和 60% 乳酸后,分别在 10°C 和 22°C 下培养 48 小时。还测定了乳酸的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。然后,使用实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)评估基因表达:结果:乳酸在较低温度下的 MIC 和 MBC 水平较低。在 22°C 条件下培养 48 小时后,使用这两种浓度的乳酸都会显著降低 peb4、ciaB、cttB 和 cdtC 基因的表达量。然而,在 10 和 22 摄氏度、30% 乳酸条件下,cdtA 基因的表达量没有明显差异:这些结果凸显了低浓度乳酸在下调粘附和毒力相关基因以及降低空肠病菌致病性方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of fungal agents isolated from burn lesions using mycological and molecular methods in patients admitted to Velayat burn hospital in Rasht city during 2022-2023. 使用真菌学和分子方法鉴定 2022-2023 年期间拉什特市 Velayat 烧伤医院收治的烧伤病灶中分离出的真菌病原体。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16308
Pegah Ardi, Roshanak Daie Ghazvini, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mohammadreza Mobayen, Abolfazl Pourheidari, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Mahdi Abastabar, Zahra Rafat

Background and objectives: Fungal burn wound infections (FBWIs) are one of the most disastrous complications in burn patients. The present study investigated the incidence and the species distribution of fungal agents isolated from burn lesions and reviewed the feautures, underlying conditions, and outcomes of patients.

Materials and methods: The wounds were swabbed and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol medium. Fungal identification was performed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin sequencing.

Results: A total of 380 swab specimens were obtained. Of these, 101 patients (26.75 %) were positive in culture. Among the 101 positive cases, most isolates were from males (n= 68, 67.33%) and most of them were over 30 years old. Flame (n=38, 37.63%) was the predominant cause of burns, and previous history of ICU admission (n=35, 34.66%), presence of central venous catheter (n=25, 24.75%), and diabetes mellitus (n=17, 16.83%) were the main underlying conditions. Candida parapsilosis complex (n=36, 35.64%), and Pichia kudriavzevii (C. krusei) (n=8, 7.92%) represent the most commonly isolated species Also, 2 out of 101 patients (2%) died.

Conclusion: In the present study, non-albicans Candida species were much higher frequent than C. albicans with most cases associated with Candida parapsilosis complex.

背景和目的:烧伤创面真菌感染(FBWIs)是烧伤患者最严重的并发症之一。本研究调查了从烧伤创面中分离出的真菌病原体的发生率和种类分布,并回顾了患者的特征、基本情况和预后:拭取伤口并在沙保露葡萄糖琼脂和氯霉素培养基上进行培养。使用内部转录间隔物(ITS)和 beta-tubulin测序法进行真菌鉴定:结果:共获得 380 份拭子标本。结果:共获得 380 份拭子标本,其中 101 名患者(26.75%)的培养结果呈阳性。在这 101 例阳性病例中,大多数分离株来自男性(68 例,占 67.33%),年龄大多在 30 岁以上。火焰(38 人,占 37.63%)是烧伤的主要原因,曾入住重症监护室(35 人,占 34.66%)、有中心静脉导管(25 人,占 24.75%)和糖尿病(17 人,占 16.83%)是主要的基础疾病。此外,101 名患者中有 2 人(2%)死亡:在本研究中,非白念珠菌属念珠菌的发病率远高于白念珠菌,大多数病例与副丝状念珠菌复合体有关。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing knowledge and awareness levels regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in the Jammu regions. 评估查谟地区对宫颈癌和 HPV 疫苗接种的了解和认识水平。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16311
Ridhima Jasrotia, Isha Kashyap, Jyotsna Suri, Chirag Chopra, Atif Khurshid Wani, Nazli Tizro, Abhineet Goyal, Reena Singh

Background and objectives: Cervical cancer global burden is highly skewed towards poor countries primarily due to lack of awareness, poor screening, and low uptake of prophylactic vaccines. The purpose of our study is to educate and raise awareness among young girls and women about the importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination.

Materials and methods: The present study, conducted from January 2023 to December 2023, focused on students, teachers, housewives, and healthcare professionals in the Jammu region to assess their awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. HPV DNA testing was carried out using the Truenat Real-Time PCR method at Swastik Diagnostic Laboratory, Jammu.

Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of the HPV virus, and the vaccination status of women were assessed in survey. In the HPV screening test, out of 2,400 women, 106 tested positive for HPV. Among these 106 women, 19% had a high viral load (Ct < 20), 11% had a low viral load (25 ≤ Ct < 30), indicating a low relative concentration of HPV viruses, 40% had a medium viral load (20 ≤ Ct < 25), and 30% had very low viral loads (Ct ≥ 30).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of routine cervical screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for the early detection of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to implement cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs in the Jammu region.

背景和目标:宫颈癌的全球负担向贫穷国家严重倾斜,主要原因是缺乏认识、筛查不力以及预防性疫苗的接种率低。我们的研究旨在教育年轻女孩和妇女,提高她们对宫颈筛查和 HPV 疫苗接种重要性的认识:本研究于 2023 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月进行,主要针对查谟地区的学生、教师、家庭主妇和医疗保健专业人员,以评估他们对宫颈癌和 HPV 疫苗的认识。查谟 Swastik 诊断实验室使用 Truenat Real-Time PCR 方法进行了 HPV DNA 检测:结果:调查评估了妇女对宫颈癌的了解、对 HPV 病毒的认识以及疫苗接种情况。在 2 400 名妇女中,有 106 人在 HPV 筛查测试中呈阳性。在这 106 名妇女中,19% 的病毒载量较高(Ct < 20),11% 的病毒载量较低(25 ≤ Ct < 30),表明 HPV 病毒的相对浓度较低;40% 的病毒载量中等(20 ≤ Ct < 25),30% 的病毒载量很低(Ct ≥ 30):这些发现凸显了常规宫颈筛查(如巴氏涂片和人乳头瘤病毒检测)对早期发现宫颈癌的重要性。查谟地区迫切需要实施宫颈癌筛查和疫苗接种计划。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of eye flora in cats infected with Herpesvirus and Calicivirus. 调查感染疱疹病毒和钙化病毒的猫的眼部菌群。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16318
Mojtaba Mohammadzadeh Vazifeh, Gazelle Safavi Haas, Nakisa Sohrabi Haghdoost, Ghazal Aftab

Background and objectives: The ocular surface is perpetually exposed to the external environment, rendering it susceptible to microbial contamination. The ocular surface microbiota consists of non-pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the conjunctiva and cornea. This study's objective was to extensively review the prevalence of bacterial and fungal organisms in the conjunctiva of healthy and diseased cats. (Herpes- and Calici-infected groups).

Materials and methods: The current study was performed on 240 cats that had visited veterinary health centers (Tehran, Iran) for examination. Sterile swabs from each cat's eyes were investigated for microbiological assessment. After sample collection, viral pathogens (Herpes and Calici viruses) were isolated and identified using the PCR method. The ages of the investigated group were 3.76, 3.93, and 4.15 months.

Results: The highest frequency of bacteria in the normal, Herpes-infected/Calici-infected, and Herpes/Calici-infected groups were associated with Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus intermedius, respectively. In addition, it was found that the high prevalence of fungal microorganisms in the isolated samples was related to yeasts, Aspergillus (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger), and Penicillium species.

Conclusion: Bacterial prevalence was significantly higher in all groups than the prevalence of fungi in the eyes of cats. The statistical comparison between the study groups regarding microbial and fungal frequency showed that significant differences were found between them, such that the frequency was higher in all disease groups, against the control group. In addition, a significant relation was observed between the Herpes-infected and Calici-infected groups regarding microbial and fungal prevalence.

背景和目的:眼表长期暴露在外部环境中,很容易受到微生物的污染。眼表微生物群由栖息在结膜和角膜上的非致病性微生物组成。本研究的目的是广泛研究健康猫和患病猫(疱疹感染组和卡利奇感染组)结膜中细菌和真菌的流行情况:本次研究的对象是到兽医保健中心(伊朗德黑兰)接受检查的 240 只猫。对每只猫眼睛的无菌拭子进行微生物学评估。采集样本后,使用 PCR 方法分离并鉴定病毒病原体(疱疹病毒和卡里奇病毒)。调查组的年龄分别为 3.76 个月、3.93 个月和 4.15 个月:结果:正常组、疱疹病毒/卡利奇病毒感染组和疱疹病毒/卡利奇病毒感染组中细菌出现频率最高的分别是中间葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和中间葡萄球菌。此外,研究还发现,分离样本中真菌微生物的高流行率与酵母菌、曲霉菌(烟曲霉、黑曲霉)和青霉菌有关:结论:各组猫眼中细菌的流行率均明显高于真菌。对各研究组的微生物和真菌感染率进行统计比较后发现,它们之间存在显著差异,即所有疾病组的感染率均高于对照组。此外,疱疹感染组和卡利奇感染组在微生物和真菌感染率方面也存在明显的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Mentha longifolia essential oil on oqxA efflux pump gene expression and biofilm formation in ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. 长叶薄荷精油对耐环丙沙星肺炎克雷伯菌株中 oqxA 外排泵基因表达和生物膜形成的影响
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16315
Shahriar Keyhani, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Amin Doosti-Irani, Leili Shokoohizadeh

Background and objectives: Today, medicinal plants and their derivatives are considered to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mentha longifolia essential oil on oqxA efflux pump gene expression and biofilm formation in ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae resistant to ciprofloxacin were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. longifolia essential oil and its synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin were determined using the microbroth dilution method and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) of M. longifolia essential oil was detected. The effect of essential oils on the expression level of the oqxA gene was detected by Real-time PCR.

Results: M. longifolia essential oil showed inhibitory activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. When M. longifolia essential oil was combined with ciprofloxacin, the MIC was reduced 2-4 times. In 28% of the strains, M. longifolia with ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic effect. M. longifolia essential oil reduces the strength of biofilm formation and alters the biofilm phenotype. A significant decrease in oqxA gene expression was observed in all isolates after treatment with M. longifolia essential oil.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was observed that supplementing M. longifolia essential oil can help reduce ciprofloxacin resistance and inhibit biofilm formation in fluoroquinolone-resistant K. pneumoniae strains.

背景和目的:如今,药用植物及其衍生物被认为可以减少抗生素耐药性的流行。本研究旨在探讨长叶薄荷精油对环丙沙星耐药肺炎克雷伯菌株中 oqxA 外排泵基因表达和生物膜形成的影响:共研究了50株对环丙沙星耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌临床菌株。采用微流稀释法和分数抑制浓度法测定了龙脑香精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及其与环丙沙星的协同作用。检测了 M. longifolia 精油的最小生物膜抑制浓度(MBIC)。通过实时 PCR 检测精油对 oqxA 基因表达水平的影响:结果:长叶木兰精油对耐环丙沙星的肺炎双球菌菌株具有抑制活性。当龙脑香精油与环丙沙星混合使用时,其 MIC 降低了 2-4 倍。在 28% 的菌株中,长叶木香精油与环丙沙星具有协同作用。长叶木兰精油可降低生物膜形成的强度并改变生物膜表型。用龙脑香叶精油处理后,所有分离物的 oqxA 基因表达量都明显下降:根据本研究的结果,补充长叶木兰精油有助于降低耐氟喹诺酮肺炎克氏菌菌株对环丙沙星的耐药性并抑制生物膜的形成。
{"title":"Effect of <i>Mentha longifolia</i> essential oil on <i>oqx</i>A efflux pump gene expression and biofilm formation in ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains.","authors":"Shahriar Keyhani, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Amin Doosti-Irani, Leili Shokoohizadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Today, medicinal plants and their derivatives are considered to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of <i>Mentha longifolia</i> essential oil on <i>oqx</i>A efflux pump gene expression and biofilm formation in ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 50 clinical strains of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> resistant to ciprofloxacin were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil and its synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin were determined using the microbroth dilution method and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) of <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil was detected. The effect of essential oils on the expression level of the <i>oqx</i>A gene was detected by Real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil showed inhibitory activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of <i>K. pneumoniae.</i> When <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil was combined with ciprofloxacin, the MIC was reduced 2-4 times. In 28% of the strains, <i>M. longifolia</i> with ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic effect. <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil reduces the strength of biofilm formation and alters the biofilm phenotype. A significant decrease in <i>oqx</i>A gene expression was observed in all isolates after treatment with <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of this study, it was observed that supplementing <i>M. longifolia</i> essential oil can help reduce ciprofloxacin resistance and inhibit biofilm formation in fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 4","pages":"552-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnostic evaluation of Tru-Nat MTB/Rif test in comparison with microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital of eastern Uttar Pradesh. 在北方邦东部的三级医院中,Tru-Nat MTB/Rif 检测与显微镜检查在肺结核诊断中的比较诊断评估。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16305
Piyush Ranjan, Atul R Rukadikar, Vivek Hada, Aroop Mohanty, Parul Singh

Background and objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of the TrueLab™ Real Time mini-PCR system in providing rapid and accurate diagnostic results for tuberculosis (TB) detection in India. The goal is to improve case detection and accelerate treatment in settings with limited resources.

Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted by the Department of Microbiology on 120 patients, age ranging from >=15 years with at least two clinical symptoms of pulmonary TB. Molbio and Universal Cartridge Based Sample Prep were the 2 methods used for processing sputum samples. The diagnosis was based on the MTB Real Time PCR test, which has a detection limit of 100 CFU/mL. Patients under 15 years, samples lacking clinical background, saliva specimens or extra-pulmonary TB cases were excluded from the study.

Results: A total of 44.17% samples were positive for TB with maximum positivity in the age group 31-45 years. Positivity rate was found to be higher in females. In 4.17% of cases there was rifampicin resistance, which was significantly high in previously treated cases. Comparison of Truenat with Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescent method revealed that it was more sensitive and less time consuming.

Conclusion: Truenat MTB/RIF is a sensitive detection system for TB with rapid results, which serves as an important tool in the early management of tuberculosis patients and drug-resistant-TB cases.

背景和目的:本研究评估了 TrueLab™ 实时迷你 PCR 系统为印度结核病 (TB) 检测提供快速准确诊断结果的功效。目的是在资源有限的情况下改进病例检测并加快治疗:这项前瞻性研究是由微生物学系对 120 名年龄大于等于 15 岁、至少有两种肺结核临床症状的患者进行的。Molbio 和通用盒式样本制备是处理痰样本的两种方法。诊断基于 MTB 实时 PCR 检测,其检测限为 100 CFU/mL。研究排除了 15 岁以下患者、缺乏临床背景的样本、唾液样本或肺外结核病例:结果:共有 44.17% 的样本对结核病呈阳性反应,其中 31-45 岁年龄组的阳性率最高。女性的阳性率较高。4.17%的病例对利福平产生耐药性,这在之前接受过治疗的病例中明显较高。将 Truenat 与 Ziehl-Neelsen 和荧光法进行比较后发现,Truenat 更灵敏、更省时:结论:Truenat MTB/RIF 是一种灵敏、快速的结核病检测系统,是结核病患者和耐药结核病例早期管理的重要工具。
{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of Tru-Nat MTB/Rif test in comparison with microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital of eastern Uttar Pradesh.","authors":"Piyush Ranjan, Atul R Rukadikar, Vivek Hada, Aroop Mohanty, Parul Singh","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the efficacy of the TrueLab™ Real Time mini-PCR system in providing rapid and accurate diagnostic results for tuberculosis (TB) detection in India. The goal is to improve case detection and accelerate treatment in settings with limited resources.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted by the Department of Microbiology on 120 patients, age ranging from >=15 years with at least two clinical symptoms of pulmonary TB. Molbio and Universal Cartridge Based Sample Prep were the 2 methods used for processing sputum samples. The diagnosis was based on the MTB Real Time PCR test, which has a detection limit of 100 CFU/mL. Patients under 15 years, samples lacking clinical background, saliva specimens or extra-pulmonary TB cases were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 44.17% samples were positive for TB with maximum positivity in the age group 31-45 years. Positivity rate was found to be higher in females. In 4.17% of cases there was rifampicin resistance, which was significantly high in previously treated cases. Comparison of Truenat with Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescent method revealed that it was more sensitive and less time consuming.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Truenat MTB/RIF is a sensitive detection system for TB with rapid results, which serves as an important tool in the early management of tuberculosis patients and drug-resistant-TB cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 4","pages":"470-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnostic value of antibody testing in comparison with lung scan and PCR in patients suspected of having COVID-19. 抗体检测与肺部扫描和 PCR 在疑似 COVID-19 患者中的诊断价值比较。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16310
Kiana Shirani, Milad Hajihashemi, Ashkan Mortazavi, Alireza Assadi, Azar Baradaran, Behrooz Ataei, Hossein Badei

Background and objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered viral infection. It's still unclear how antibodies react in infected individuals, and there is not enough evidence to support the clinical use of antibody examination. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of serologic tests for diagnosing COVID-19.

Materials and methods: 32 patients for whom serologic testing was performed within 7 to 21 days from symptom onset and whether they were diagnosed with COVID-19 by both PCR and lung HRCT as gold standard tests at the same time, were included in the study.

Results: Serologic tests (IgM / IgG) compared to PCR and lung HRCT scan to diagnose COVID-19, were 89.3% specific and 59.6% sensitive. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 95% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 37%. The diagnostic accuracy index of the serologic test was 0.745 (CI 0.651-0.838) (p-value <0.001).

Conclusion: Serologic testing can be a complementary alternative for SARA-CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR, although it cannot replace it completely. IgG/IgM combo test kits and RT-PCR together can give more insight into the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

背景和目的:SARS-CoV-2 是一种新发现的病毒感染。目前尚不清楚抗体在感染者体内的反应,也没有足够的证据支持抗体检查的临床应用。本研究评估了血清学检测对诊断 COVID-19 的诊断价值。材料和方法:本研究纳入了 32 例患者,这些患者的血清学检测均在症状出现后 7 至 21 天内进行,且是否同时通过 PCR 和肺 HRCT 作为金标准检测诊断为 COVID-19:血清学检测(IgM/IgG)与 PCR 和肺 HRCT 扫描相比,诊断 COVID-19 的特异性为 89.3%,敏感性为 59.6%。阳性预测值(PPV)为 95%,阴性预测值(NPV)为 37%。血清学检测的诊断准确性指数为 0.745(CI 0.651-0.838)(P 值 结论:血清学检测可作为一种辅助诊断方法:血清学检测可作为 SARA-CoV-2 核酸 RT-PCR 的补充替代方法,但不能完全取代它。IgG/IgM组合检测试剂盒和RT-PCR一起使用能更深入地诊断SARS-CoV-2。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the frequency and risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in biliary samples. 评估胆道样本中耐多药细菌的频率和风险因素。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16307
Mehmet Yildiz, Merve Buyukkoruk, Seyma Arslan, Ulas Gokalp, Hasan Bostanci, Kursat Dikmen, Cagri Buyukkasap, Hasan Selcuk Ozger, Murat Dizbay

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in biliary samples, MDR-bacteria risk factors, and the relationship between MDR-bacteria positivity and some clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted between May 2018 and May 2023, including patients over the age of 18 who had positive culture results in biliary samples. The frequency of MDR-bacteria in biliary samples was evaluated. Risk factors for MDR bacteria were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. MDR and non-MDR groups were compared inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment, total antibiotic treatment duration, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Results: 342 microorganisms were isolated from 202 patients. Escherichia coli was the most commonly (37.2%) isolated Gram-negative microorganism, and Enterococcus spp. was the most commonly (70.2%) isolated Gram-positive microorganism. The incidence of MDR microorganisms was 42.3%. Gastrointestinal malignancy (OR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.03-3.71) and previous antibiotic use (OR: 2.26; 95% CI, 1.09-4.68) were independent risk factors for MDR-bacteria. In the MDR group, inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (56.6% vs. 41%, p = 0.091), total antibiotic treatment duration (13 vs. 8 days, p = 0.054), length of stay (24 vs. 15 days, p = 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (27.3% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.416) were higher compared to the non-MDR group.

Conclusion: MDR-bacteria positivity is associated with inappropriate antibiotic treatment, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Screening, antibiotic prophylaxis, and empirical treatment approaches should be carefully performed in patients with malignancy and recent antibiotic use, which are significant risk factors for MDR-bacteria.

背景和目的:本研究旨在评估胆道样本中多重耐药(MDR)细菌的频率、MDR-细菌风险因素以及MDR-细菌阳性与一些临床结果之间的关系:研究时间为2018年5月至2023年5月,包括18岁以上胆道样本培养结果呈阳性的患者。评估了胆道样本中 MDR 细菌的频率。采用单变量和多变量分析评估了 MDR 细菌的风险因素。比较了MDR组和非MDR组的不恰当经验性抗生素治疗、抗生素治疗总时间、住院时间和院内死亡率:结果:从 202 名患者中分离出 342 种微生物。大肠埃希菌是最常见的革兰氏阴性微生物(37.2%),肠球菌属是最常见的革兰氏阳性微生物(70.2%)。耐药微生物的发生率为 42.3%。胃肠道恶性肿瘤(OR:1.96;95% CI,1.03-3.71)和既往使用抗生素(OR:2.26;95% CI,1.09-4.68)是MDR细菌的独立风险因素。与非MDR组相比,MDR组中不恰当的经验性抗生素治疗(56.6% vs. 41%,p = 0.091)、抗生素治疗总时间(13 vs. 8天,p = 0.054)、住院时间(24 vs. 15天,p = 0.001)和院内死亡率(27.3% vs. 22.3%,p = 0.416)均较高:结论:MDR-细菌阳性与抗生素治疗不当、住院时间延长和死亡率增加有关。对于恶性肿瘤患者和近期使用过抗生素的患者,应谨慎进行筛查、抗生素预防和经验性治疗,因为这些都是产生 MDR 细菌的重要风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-toxigenic effects of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria on Clostridium difficile. 评估乳酸菌后益生菌对艰难梭菌的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗毒作用。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16309
Mahdi Asghari Ozma, Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, Mohammad Hossein Ataee, Seyed Ali Mirhosseini

Background and objectives: The most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which causes severe and recurring symptoms. The increase of antibiotic-resistant C. difficile requires alternate treatments. Postbiotics, metabolites produced by probiotics, fight CDI owing to their antibacterial capabilities. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-toxigenic potential of postbiotics in combating CDI.

Materials and methods: GC-MS evaluated postbiotics from Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution determined C. difficile antibacterial inhibition zones and MICs. Microtiter plates assessed antibiofilm activity. MTT assay evaluated postbiotics anti-viability on HEK293. ELISA testing postbiotic detoxification of toxins A and B. Postbiotics were examined for tcdA and tcdB genes expression using real-time PCR.

Results: The most identified B. bifidum and L. plantarum postbiotic compounds were glycolic acid (7.2%) and butyric acid (13.57%). B. bifidum and L. plantarum displayed 13 and 10 mm inhibition zones and 2.5 and 5 mg/ml MICs against C. difficile. B. bifidum reduced biofilm at 1.25 mg/ml by 49% and L. plantarum by 31%. MTT assay showed both postbiotics had little influence on cell viability, which was over 80%. The detoxification power of postbiotics revealed that B. bifidum decreased toxin A and B production more effectively than L. plantarum, and also their related tcdA and tcdB genes expression reduction were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Postbiotics' ability to inhibit bacterial growth, biofilm disruption, and toxin reduction makes them a promising adjunctive for CDI treatment and a good solution to pathogens' antibiotic resistance.

背景和目的:艰难梭菌感染(CDI)是医疗相关性腹泻最常见的病因,会导致严重和反复的症状。随着耐抗生素艰难梭菌的增加,需要采用其他治疗方法。益生菌产生的代谢产物--后益生菌因其抗菌能力而可对抗艰难梭菌感染。本研究旨在评估益生菌后物质在抗击艰难梭菌方面的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗毒潜力:GC-MS 评估了双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌的益生元。盘式扩散和肉汤微量稀释法测定艰难梭菌抗菌抑菌区和 MIC。微孔板评估抗生物膜活性。MTT 试验评估了益生菌对 HEK293 的抗活力。使用实时 PCR 检测益生菌的 tcdA 和 tcdB 基因表达:结果:发现最多的双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌益生菌后化合物是乙醇酸(7.2%)和丁酸(13.57%)。双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌对艰难梭菌的抑制区分别为 13 毫米和 10 毫米,最小抑菌浓度分别为 2.5 毫克/毫升和 5 毫克/毫升。双歧杆菌能将 1.25 毫克/毫升的生物膜减少 49%,植物乳杆菌减少 31%。MTT 检测显示,两种益生菌对细胞存活率的影响都很小,都超过了 80%。益生菌的解毒能力表明,双歧杆菌比植物乳杆菌更有效地减少了毒素 A 和毒素 B 的产生,而且它们相关的 tcdA 和 tcdB 基因表达量的减少也有统计学意义(P < 0.05):结论:后益生菌具有抑制细菌生长、破坏生物膜和减少毒素的能力,因此是一种很有前景的 CDI 辅助治疗药物,也是解决病原体抗生素耐药性的一种好办法。
{"title":"Evaluating the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-toxigenic effects of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria on <i>Clostridium difficile</i>.","authors":"Mahdi Asghari Ozma, Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, Mohammad Hossein Ataee, Seyed Ali Mirhosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea is <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI), which causes severe and recurring symptoms. The increase of antibiotic-resistant <i>C. difficile</i> requires alternate treatments. Postbiotics, metabolites produced by probiotics, fight CDI owing to their antibacterial capabilities. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-toxigenic potential of postbiotics in combating CDI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>GC-MS evaluated postbiotics from <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution determined <i>C. difficile</i> antibacterial inhibition zones and MICs. Microtiter plates assessed antibiofilm activity. MTT assay evaluated postbiotics anti-viability on HEK293. ELISA testing postbiotic detoxification of toxins A and B. Postbiotics were examined for <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i> genes expression using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most identified <i>B. bifidum</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> postbiotic compounds were glycolic acid (7.2%) and butyric acid (13.57%). <i>B. bifidum</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> displayed 13 and 10 mm inhibition zones and 2.5 and 5 mg/ml MICs against <i>C. difficile. B. bifidum</i> reduced biofilm at 1.25 mg/ml by 49% and <i>L. plantarum</i> by 31%. MTT assay showed both postbiotics had little influence on cell viability, which was over 80%. The detoxification power of postbiotics revealed that <i>B. bifidum</i> decreased toxin A and B production more effectively than <i>L. plantarum</i>, and also their related <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i> genes expression reduction were statistically significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postbiotics' ability to inhibit bacterial growth, biofilm disruption, and toxin reduction makes them a promising adjunctive for CDI treatment and a good solution to pathogens' antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 4","pages":"497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-drug resistant gene mutation analysis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by molecular techniques. 利用分子技术分析结核分枝杆菌的耐多药基因突变。
IF 1.3 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16304
Monika Sultana, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Somen Kumar Mistri, S M Mostafa Kamal, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Mahmuda Yasmin

Background and objectives: Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), two most potent antibiotics, are prescribed to cure tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is resistant to these first-line drugs. Here, two molecular techniques were demonstrated such as PCR sequencing-based and GeneXpert assay for rapidly identifying MDR-TB.

Materials and methods: Pulmonary samples (sputum) were collected from 55 MDR-TB suspected patients from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL), Dhaka where the research work was partially accomplished and continued in the department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. We strived for sequencing technique as well as GeneXpert assay to identify mutations in rpoB and katG genes in MTB strains and sputum directly. Culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed to measure the efficacy of the molecular methods employed.

Results: When analyzed, rpoB gene mutations at codons 531 (54.54%), 526 (14.54%), and 516 (10.91%) were found by sequencing in 80% of the samples. Nucleotide substitution at katG315 (AGC→ACC) was spotted in 16 (76.19%) out of 21 samples. When comparing the sequencing results with DST, sensitivity and specificity were investigated to determine drug-resistance (rifampicin-resistance were 98 and 100% whereas isoniazid-resistance were 94 and 100% respectively). Additionally, as a point of comparison with DST, only 85.45% of RIF mono-resistant TB cases were accurately evaluated by the GeneXpert assay.

Conclusion: This research supports the adoption of PCR sequencing approach as an efficient tool in detecting MDR-TB, counting the higher sensitivity and specificity as well as the short period to produce the results.

背景和目的:利福平(RIF)和异烟肼(INH)是治疗结核病最有效的两种抗生素。结核分枝杆菌是耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)的病原体,对这些一线药物具有耐药性。在此,我们展示了两种分子技术,如基于 PCR 测序和 GeneXpert 检测,用于快速鉴定 MDR-TB:从达卡国家结核病参考实验室(NTRL)收集了 55 名 MDR-TB 疑似患者的肺部样本(痰液)。我们努力采用测序技术和 GeneXpert 检测法直接鉴定 MTB 菌株和痰中 rpoB 和 katG 基因的突变。我们还进行了基于培养的药敏试验(DST),以衡量所采用的分子方法的有效性:经分析,在 80% 的样本中,通过测序发现了 531(54.54%)、526(14.54%)和 516(10.91%)密码子的 rpoB 基因突变。在 21 个样本中,有 16 个(76.19%)发现了 katG315 的核苷酸替换(AGC→ACC)。在将测序结果与 DST 进行比较时,调查了确定耐药性的敏感性和特异性(利福平耐药性分别为 98%和 100%,异烟肼耐药性分别为 94%和 100%)。此外,与 DST 相比,GeneXpert 分析法仅准确评估了 85.45% 的 RIF 单耐药结核病例:这项研究支持将 PCR 测序方法作为检测 MDR-TB 的有效工具,因为它具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,而且检测结果的产生时间较短。
{"title":"Multi-drug resistant gene mutation analysis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> by molecular techniques.","authors":"Monika Sultana, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Somen Kumar Mistri, S M Mostafa Kamal, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Mahmuda Yasmin","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), two most potent antibiotics, are prescribed to cure tuberculosis. <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, the causative agent of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is resistant to these first-line drugs. Here, two molecular techniques were demonstrated such as PCR sequencing-based and GeneXpert assay for rapidly identifying MDR-TB.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pulmonary samples (sputum) were collected from 55 MDR-TB suspected patients from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL), Dhaka where the research work was partially accomplished and continued in the department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. We strived for sequencing technique as well as GeneXpert assay to identify mutations in <i>rpo</i>B and <i>kat</i>G genes in MTB strains and sputum directly. Culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed to measure the efficacy of the molecular methods employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When analyzed, <i>rpo</i>B gene mutations at codons 531 (54.54%), 526 (14.54%), and 516 (10.91%) were found by sequencing in 80% of the samples. Nucleotide substitution at <i>kat</i>G315 (AGC→ACC) was spotted in 16 (76.19%) out of 21 samples. When comparing the sequencing results with DST, sensitivity and specificity were investigated to determine drug-resistance (rifampicin-resistance were 98 and 100% whereas isoniazid-resistance were 94 and 100% respectively). Additionally, as a point of comparison with DST, only 85.45% of RIF mono-resistant TB cases were accurately evaluated by the GeneXpert assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research supports the adoption of PCR sequencing approach as an efficient tool in detecting MDR-TB, counting the higher sensitivity and specificity as well as the short period to produce the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 4","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Iranian Journal of Microbiology
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