R. Kheirandish, M. Saberi, S. Azizi, Reza Khakdan, Zahra Kordzadeh Kermani
Background: Oxymetholone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid, has been used to treat some diseases. The abuse of this compound, especially for muscle growth, has severe oxidative side effects on the liver and kidneys. Oxidative stress and free radicals are responsible for the development of various diseases. Phytochemicals are sources of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, etc. and may act as scavengers of free radicals. Saffron (Crocus sativus) has considerable antioxidant properties, which may be useful in reversing or preventing these negative effects. Methods: To evaluate the effects of saffron on the liver and kidneys degenerative changes induced by oxymetholone, 24 male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each as: a) sham (normal saline, 40 mg/kg/day), b) saffron control (40 mg/kg/day), c) oxymetholone (50 mg/rat), and d) treatment group [saffron (40 mg/kg/day)+oxymetholone (50 mg/rat)]. The course of examination was 30 days. Results: After one month, the sham and saffron control groups had normal histological findings. The treatment group with saffron showed a significant reduction in the hepatic and renal degenerative changes induced by oxymetholone compared to those observed in group. Conclusion: Based on the histopathological results, the use of saffron produced protective effects against the degenerative changes in rats’ liver and kidneys induced by oxymetholone.
{"title":"The Effect of Saffron (Crocus Sativus) on Oxymetholone-induced Hepatic and Renal Injury in Rats","authors":"R. Kheirandish, M. Saberi, S. Azizi, Reza Khakdan, Zahra Kordzadeh Kermani","doi":"10.32598/ijt.15.4.435.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijt.15.4.435.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxymetholone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid, has been used to treat some diseases. The abuse of this compound, especially for muscle growth, has severe oxidative side effects on the liver and kidneys. Oxidative stress and free radicals are responsible for the development of various diseases. Phytochemicals are sources of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, etc. and may act as scavengers of free radicals. Saffron (Crocus sativus) has considerable antioxidant properties, which may be useful in reversing or preventing these negative effects. Methods: To evaluate the effects of saffron on the liver and kidneys degenerative changes induced by oxymetholone, 24 male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each as: a) sham (normal saline, 40 mg/kg/day), b) saffron control (40 mg/kg/day), c) oxymetholone (50 mg/rat), and d) treatment group [saffron (40 mg/kg/day)+oxymetholone (50 mg/rat)]. The course of examination was 30 days. Results: After one month, the sham and saffron control groups had normal histological findings. The treatment group with saffron showed a significant reduction in the hepatic and renal degenerative changes induced by oxymetholone compared to those observed in group. Conclusion: Based on the histopathological results, the use of saffron produced protective effects against the degenerative changes in rats’ liver and kidneys induced by oxymetholone.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69707076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hosseini-Sharifabad, M. Mofid, M. Moradmand, M. Keimasi
1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
{"title":"The Effect of Omega-lycotoxin on the Cognitive Impairment Induced by Kainic Acid in Rats","authors":"A. Hosseini-Sharifabad, M. Mofid, M. Moradmand, M. Keimasi","doi":"10.32598/IJT.15.1.740.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJT.15.1.740.1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article info: Received: 12 Jul 2020 Accepted: 10 Aug 2020 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Dispersive Liquid Phase Micro-extraction: A Novel Experimental Approach * Corresponding author: Majid Ramezani, PhD. Address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University. Arak, Iran. E-mail: m-ramezani@iauarak.ac.ir
{"title":"Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Dispersive Liquid Phase Micro-extraction: A Novel Experimental Approach","authors":"Daruish Badakhshan, M. Ramezani","doi":"10.32598/ijt.14.4.693.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.4.693.2","url":null,"abstract":"Article info: Received: 12 Jul 2020 Accepted: 10 Aug 2020 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Dispersive Liquid Phase Micro-extraction: A Novel Experimental Approach * Corresponding author: Majid Ramezani, PhD. Address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University. Arak, Iran. E-mail: m-ramezani@iauarak.ac.ir","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46141771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rashedinia, Jamileh Saberzadeh, Forouzan Khodaei, Najmeh Mashayekhi Sardoei, Mahshid Alimohammadi, R. Arabsolghar
1. Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 3. Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 4. Department of Medical Laboratory sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
{"title":"Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential After Aluminum Toxicity in PC-12 Cell Line","authors":"M. Rashedinia, Jamileh Saberzadeh, Forouzan Khodaei, Najmeh Mashayekhi Sardoei, Mahshid Alimohammadi, R. Arabsolghar","doi":"10.32598/IJT.10.4.677.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJT.10.4.677.1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 3. Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 4. Department of Medical Laboratory sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42620232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zabihi, F. Askarian, Seyed Hossein Hekmati Moghaddam, Majid Rajaee
BackgroundStatins frequently cause myopathy especially in combination with fibrates, and physical activity is considered a trigger for the muscle disorder. Elevated plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aldolase, are the main indicators of the severity of myopathy. Carvedilol is commonly used with lipid-lowering drugs in the management of heart failure, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is not yet clear whether carvedilol, an alpha and β blocker, and anti-oxidant, may influence the development of myopathy when combined with statins and fibrates in cardiac patients. MethodsIn this animal experiment, a 10 days regimen containing oral atorvastatin and gemfibrozil at doses of 80 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively, was used to induce myopathy in rats. The animals were forced to swim in a pool on days 8, 9 and 10 into the study. Carvedilol (2.5 mg/kg/day) was added to atorvastatin and gemfibrozil during the 10-day study period, in addition to the exercise protocol given to the treatment groups only. The mean of swimming tolerance times and the serum levels of CK, LDH and aldolase were measured at the completion of the study. ResultsCarvedilol did not significantly alter the swimming tolerance time or the plasma levels of CK, LDH and aldolase in the rats receiving ATV, GMF and carvedilol plus the exercise protocol, compared with those that did not receive carvedilol (P>0.05).ConclusionCarvedilol may be used in combination with lipid-lowering drug in the management of patients with heart failure and hypertension, pending its safety approval by clinical studies in humans.
{"title":"Carvedilol: A Promising Drug Combined With Lipid-lowering Medications for Patients With Hypertension and Heart Failure","authors":"M. Zabihi, F. Askarian, Seyed Hossein Hekmati Moghaddam, Majid Rajaee","doi":"10.32598/IJT.14.4.708.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJT.14.4.708.1","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundStatins frequently cause myopathy especially in combination with fibrates, and physical activity is considered a trigger for the muscle disorder. Elevated plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aldolase, are the main indicators of the severity of myopathy. Carvedilol is commonly used with lipid-lowering drugs in the management of heart failure, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is not yet clear whether carvedilol, an alpha and β blocker, and anti-oxidant, may influence the development of myopathy when combined with statins and fibrates in cardiac patients. MethodsIn this animal experiment, a 10 days regimen containing oral atorvastatin and gemfibrozil at doses of 80 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively, was used to induce myopathy in rats. The animals were forced to swim in a pool on days 8, 9 and 10 into the study. Carvedilol (2.5 mg/kg/day) was added to atorvastatin and gemfibrozil during the 10-day study period, in addition to the exercise protocol given to the treatment groups only. The mean of swimming tolerance times and the serum levels of CK, LDH and aldolase were measured at the completion of the study. ResultsCarvedilol did not significantly alter the swimming tolerance time or the plasma levels of CK, LDH and aldolase in the rats receiving ATV, GMF and carvedilol plus the exercise protocol, compared with those that did not receive carvedilol (P>0.05).ConclusionCarvedilol may be used in combination with lipid-lowering drug in the management of patients with heart failure and hypertension, pending its safety approval by clinical studies in humans.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Larbie, B. Emikpe, A. Oyagbemi, T. Jarikre, C. O. Adjei
Article info: Received: 29 Jan 2020 Accepted: 28 Aug 2020 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: Acalypha wilkesiana ‘Inferno’ Is Nephroprotective Against Gentamicin and Cisplatin: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evidence * Corresponding author: Christopher Larbie, PhD. Address: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. E-mail: clarbie.cos@knust.edu.gh
{"title":"Acalypha wilkesiana ‘Inferno’ Is Nephroprotective Against Gentamicin and Cisplatin: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evidence","authors":"Christopher Larbie, B. Emikpe, A. Oyagbemi, T. Jarikre, C. O. Adjei","doi":"10.32598/ijt.14.4.658.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.4.658.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article info: Received: 29 Jan 2020 Accepted: 28 Aug 2020 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: Acalypha wilkesiana ‘Inferno’ Is Nephroprotective Against Gentamicin and Cisplatin: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evidence * Corresponding author: Christopher Larbie, PhD. Address: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. E-mail: clarbie.cos@knust.edu.gh","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"201-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45124208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mandegary, R. Kheirandish, Sepideh Heidari, M. Mirtadzadini, A. Asadi, Navid Hassanabadi, F. Sharififar
Article info: Received: 30 Dec 2019 Accepted: 15 Jul 2019 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: The Toxicity Evaluation of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine Max Extracts versus the Biochemical and Histological Indices of Liver and Kidney Functions in Mice * Corresponding author: Fariba Sharififar, PhD. Address: Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: fa.sharififar@gmail. com
{"title":"The Toxicity Evaluation of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine Max Extracts versus the Biochemical and Histological Indices of Liver and Kidney Functions in Mice","authors":"A. Mandegary, R. Kheirandish, Sepideh Heidari, M. Mirtadzadini, A. Asadi, Navid Hassanabadi, F. Sharififar","doi":"10.32598/IJT.14.4.642.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJT.14.4.642.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article info: Received: 30 Dec 2019 Accepted: 15 Jul 2019 Online Published: 01 Oct 2020 Research Paper: The Toxicity Evaluation of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine Max Extracts versus the Biochemical and Histological Indices of Liver and Kidney Functions in Mice * Corresponding author: Fariba Sharififar, PhD. Address: Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: fa.sharififar@gmail. com","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sulfites including Sodium Metabisulfite (SMB) are commonly used as food preservatives and pharmaceutical products. Despite their worldwide use, there is evidence suggesting their toxicity on human organs and tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of SMB with or without Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract on the rat ovary. Methods: A total of 32 adult, female Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each. They consisted of, a) control group, b) ginger group (500 mg/kg/day), c) SMB group (260 mg/kg/day), and d) combined SMB and ginger group at identical doses. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and the ovarian tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of lipid peroxidation was measured. The volume and weight of the ovaries and the number of follicles at different stages were counted by stereological methods. Results: The SMB treatment caused a significant decrease in the ovarian volume and the number of follicles with simultaneous increase in the number of degenerate follicles (P≤0.001) and MDA level (P≤0.01). Ginger treatment of the rats exposed to SMB significantly increased the number of follicles at various stages and partially reversed the ovarian tissue level of MDA, compared to that in the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The SMB treatment induced structural changes in the rats’ ovaries and the concomitant treatment with ginger largely reversed the damages caused by SMB.
{"title":"Does Ginger Protect Against Ovarian Damage in Rats Induced by Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity? An Experimental Evidence","authors":"S. Shekarforoush, N. Rezaee, Elaheh Farzanfar","doi":"10.32598/ijt.14.4.316.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.4.316.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sulfites including Sodium Metabisulfite (SMB) are commonly used as food preservatives and pharmaceutical products. Despite their worldwide use, there is evidence suggesting their toxicity on human organs and tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of SMB with or without Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract on the rat ovary. Methods: A total of 32 adult, female Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each. They consisted of, a) control group, b) ginger group (500 mg/kg/day), c) SMB group (260 mg/kg/day), and d) combined SMB and ginger group at identical doses. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and the ovarian tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of lipid peroxidation was measured. The volume and weight of the ovaries and the number of follicles at different stages were counted by stereological methods. Results: The SMB treatment caused a significant decrease in the ovarian volume and the number of follicles with simultaneous increase in the number of degenerate follicles (P≤0.001) and MDA level (P≤0.01). Ginger treatment of the rats exposed to SMB significantly increased the number of follicles at various stages and partially reversed the ovarian tissue level of MDA, compared to that in the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The SMB treatment induced structural changes in the rats’ ovaries and the concomitant treatment with ginger largely reversed the damages caused by SMB.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46790598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shahsavandi, M. Ebrahimi, M. Ghadiri, M. Samiee
Methods: The toxicity of TW80 was investigated against chicken embryos at varying concentrations, and changes in the morphology and weights of the heart, liver, and spleen of 4-day old chicken embryos were analyzed. Also, the effect of non-toxic concentrations of TW80 was examined on the infectivity of NDV. The virus was titrated in the allantoic fluid, using a 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50). Results: At high concentrations of TW80, hemorrhage-induced mortality was observed in embryos at the early stages of incubation. The embryos’ viability was not affected at low TW80 concentrations, indicating that its toxicity to the chicken embryos was dose-dependent. The infectivity titer of NDV was increased in the presence of TW80 compared to those inoculated with NDV only.
{"title":"The Tween 80 Toxicity in Chicken Embryos and Effect on the Kinetics of Newcastle Disease Virus Replication","authors":"S. Shahsavandi, M. Ebrahimi, M. Ghadiri, M. Samiee","doi":"10.32598/ijt.14.4.671.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.4.671.1","url":null,"abstract":"Methods: The toxicity of TW80 was investigated against chicken embryos at varying concentrations, and changes in the morphology and weights of the heart, liver, and spleen of 4-day old chicken embryos were analyzed. Also, the effect of non-toxic concentrations of TW80 was examined on the infectivity of NDV. The virus was titrated in the allantoic fluid, using a 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50). Results: At high concentrations of TW80, hemorrhage-induced mortality was observed in embryos at the early stages of incubation. The embryos’ viability was not affected at low TW80 concentrations, indicating that its toxicity to the chicken embryos was dose-dependent. The infectivity titer of NDV was increased in the presence of TW80 compared to those inoculated with NDV only.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45726132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jamalian, H. Solhi, Parisa Ghasemi, A. Rahbari, A. Kazemifar
BackgroundParaquat poisoning results in multi-organ failure, primarily pulmonary fibrosis, acute renal failure, and hepatic impairment. The present study was designed to evaluate three treatment regimens, such as N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), silymarin and hydrocortisone in the prevention of lung fibrosis after ingestion of toxic doses of paraquat in rats. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (N=20) were randomly divided into four groups of five each. The drugs and paraquat were given to the rats orally. All rat groups received one oral dose of paraquat (10 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week. The first group received a daily oral dose of silymarin (600 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The second group received a daily oral dose of NAC (500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The third group was given daily oral doses of NAC (500 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The fourth group (controls) received no drugs other than paraquat. The experiment continued for 4 weeks. After the experiment, autopsy was performed on all rats and the lungs were examined histopathologically.ResultsThe results of histopathology examinations for peribronchial inflammation in the groups were shown that NAC plus hydrocortisone and silymarin had notable effects in the prevention of lung inflammation. Septal widening in the lungs was also observed in group three less than that in the other groups.ConclusionBased on the results, silymarin, NAC and hydrocortisone may be used as a palliative treatment in paraquat poisoning specifically aimed at preventing the acute and chronic lung injuries as the worst complication of the poisoning.
{"title":"Prevention of Lung Complications following Paraquat Poisoning by Silymarin, N-acetyl Cysteine and Hydrocortisone: An Experimental Study","authors":"M. Jamalian, H. Solhi, Parisa Ghasemi, A. Rahbari, A. Kazemifar","doi":"10.32598/IJT.14.4.710.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJT.14.4.710.1","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundParaquat poisoning results in multi-organ failure, primarily pulmonary fibrosis, acute renal failure, and hepatic impairment. The present study was designed to evaluate three treatment regimens, such as N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), silymarin and hydrocortisone in the prevention of lung fibrosis after ingestion of toxic doses of paraquat in rats. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (N=20) were randomly divided into four groups of five each. The drugs and paraquat were given to the rats orally. All rat groups received one oral dose of paraquat (10 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week. The first group received a daily oral dose of silymarin (600 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The second group received a daily oral dose of NAC (500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The third group was given daily oral doses of NAC (500 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The fourth group (controls) received no drugs other than paraquat. The experiment continued for 4 weeks. After the experiment, autopsy was performed on all rats and the lungs were examined histopathologically.ResultsThe results of histopathology examinations for peribronchial inflammation in the groups were shown that NAC plus hydrocortisone and silymarin had notable effects in the prevention of lung inflammation. Septal widening in the lungs was also observed in group three less than that in the other groups.ConclusionBased on the results, silymarin, NAC and hydrocortisone may be used as a palliative treatment in paraquat poisoning specifically aimed at preventing the acute and chronic lung injuries as the worst complication of the poisoning.","PeriodicalId":14637,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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