Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id303
Abdulkadir Mohammed Noori Jassim, Maryam Abdulghafor Ahmed, Salam A. H. Al-Ameri, Safana Ahmed Farhan, Omar M. Noori
The Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) extract contain a lot of constituents and elements. Ginger extract can effort as a good bio-reductant to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs Green synthesis was achieved by using the Ginger plant extract with AgNO3. The green synthesis of AgNPs is the best developing procedure for preparation, since this process is easier than other procedures, eco-friendly and fewer times consuming. The produced AgNPs were characterizing via UV-Vis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, Zeta potential and EDX. The optimal conditions for the synthesis AgNPs which was confirmed through UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Also, the AgNPs has been characterized by AFM with average size of 53.45 nm, SEM with average size of 21.91 to 33.79 nm. Antioxidant and free radical scavenge activity are examined through TLC and DPPH test, the results shows that the Ginger have a high activity, moreover, this activity increased with characterized AgNPs.
{"title":"Phytochemical, Total Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activity of Ginger Extract and Its Use in the Synthesis of Eco-friendly Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"Abdulkadir Mohammed Noori Jassim, Maryam Abdulghafor Ahmed, Salam A. H. Al-Ameri, Safana Ahmed Farhan, Omar M. Noori","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id303","url":null,"abstract":"The Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) extract contain a lot of constituents and elements. Ginger extract can effort as a good bio-reductant to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs Green synthesis was achieved by using the Ginger plant extract with AgNO3. The green synthesis of AgNPs is the best developing procedure for preparation, since this process is easier than other procedures, eco-friendly and fewer times consuming. The produced AgNPs were characterizing via UV-Vis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, Zeta potential and EDX. The optimal conditions for the synthesis AgNPs which was confirmed through UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Also, the AgNPs has been characterized by AFM with average size of 53.45 nm, SEM with average size of 21.91 to 33.79 nm. Antioxidant and free radical scavenge activity are examined through TLC and DPPH test, the results shows that the Ginger have a high activity, moreover, this activity increased with characterized AgNPs.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id291
Yoseph M. Kanjarawy, Ghadeer A. Khadour, Waseem S. Darwish, Ghada M. Saad, Hani M. Amasha
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) interact with both the surface and structural proteins of viral or bacterial cells, leading to destruction of the pathogenic cells or disruption of their metabolic processes. One of the benefits of using Ag NPs as sterilants is their inability to be adapted to by pathogenic cells, unlike traditional sterilization methods. While silver is generally non-toxic to human health, prolonged exposure can result in a condition known as argyria, characterized by blue discolouration of the skin. The proposed device utilizes Ag NPs for external sterilization of individuals entering a room measuring approximately (1 × 1 × 2) meters, through the release of a batch of steam. Ultrasonic vaporizers utilize a piezoelectric transducer to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations, which agitate the water stored within the device. This results in the production of water vapour infused with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are dissolved in the water. The silver nanoparticles possess antimicrobial properties, allowing the vapour to effectively sterilize the user by eliminating infectious agents present on the skin, hair, or clothing. The use of ultrasonic vaporizers in crowded areas can help to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Additionally, ultrasonic vaporizers are easy to operate and do not require specialized expertise, making them a suitable option for use outside of healthcare facilities.
{"title":"Sterilization Device Using Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"Yoseph M. Kanjarawy, Ghadeer A. Khadour, Waseem S. Darwish, Ghada M. Saad, Hani M. Amasha","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id291","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) interact with both the surface and structural proteins of viral or bacterial cells, leading to destruction of the pathogenic cells or disruption of their metabolic processes. One of the benefits of using Ag NPs as sterilants is their inability to be adapted to by pathogenic cells, unlike traditional sterilization methods. While silver is generally non-toxic to human health, prolonged exposure can result in a condition known as argyria, characterized by blue discolouration of the skin. The proposed device utilizes Ag NPs for external sterilization of individuals entering a room measuring approximately (1 × 1 × 2) meters, through the release of a batch of steam. Ultrasonic vaporizers utilize a piezoelectric transducer to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations, which agitate the water stored within the device. This results in the production of water vapour infused with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are dissolved in the water. The silver nanoparticles possess antimicrobial properties, allowing the vapour to effectively sterilize the user by eliminating infectious agents present on the skin, hair, or clothing. The use of ultrasonic vaporizers in crowded areas can help to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Additionally, ultrasonic vaporizers are easy to operate and do not require specialized expertise, making them a suitable option for use outside of healthcare facilities.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"54 99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id289
Hayder Kadhim Drais
Lornoxicam was practically water insoluble and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent thus associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) side effects. Lipid polymer hybrid nanocarriers (LPHNs)-based transdermal nanogel of lornoxicam was formulated to increase solubility of lornoxicam and sustained lornoxicam release that lead to eliminate GIT related side effect, prolong therapeutic activity and improve patient compliance .The lornoxicam LPHNs formulations (LH1-LH6) were prepared by microwaves based method. The conventional gel of lornoxicam (G) was prepared by solvent diffusion method. The LH1-LH6 was entered to characterization processes that were later used as a base to prepare lornoxicam hybrid nanogel formulations (LN1-LN6). The LN1-LN6 was tested for various evaluations. It was found that all the LH1-LH6 were show nanosize globules, low polydispersity index and acceptable surface charge, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. LH3 was the most optimized LPHNs due had lower particle size and higher lornoxicam release.The evaluation processes indicate stable organoleptic properties, high homogeneity, and acceptable values of pH. The comparability profile of the lornoxicam release from the lornoxicam nanogel formulations (LN1-LN6) and conventional lornoxicam gel (G) was in the following descending order: LN3 > LN2> LN1 > LN6 > LN5 > LN4 > G. The characterization and evaluation processes highly support promise transdermal delivery system to decrease pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal diseases.
{"title":"Transdermal Delivery of Lornoxicam Hybrid Nanogel: Design, Preparation, Characterization, and In-Vitro Diffusion Evaluation","authors":"Hayder Kadhim Drais","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id289","url":null,"abstract":"Lornoxicam was practically water insoluble and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent thus associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) side effects. Lipid polymer hybrid nanocarriers (LPHNs)-based transdermal nanogel of lornoxicam was formulated to increase solubility of lornoxicam and sustained lornoxicam release that lead to eliminate GIT related side effect, prolong therapeutic activity and improve patient compliance .The lornoxicam LPHNs formulations (LH1-LH6) were prepared by microwaves based method. The conventional gel of lornoxicam (G) was prepared by solvent diffusion method. The LH1-LH6 was entered to characterization processes that were later used as a base to prepare lornoxicam hybrid nanogel formulations (LN1-LN6). The LN1-LN6 was tested for various evaluations. It was found that all the LH1-LH6 were show nanosize globules, low polydispersity index and acceptable surface charge, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. LH3 was the most optimized LPHNs due had lower particle size and higher lornoxicam release.The evaluation processes indicate stable organoleptic properties, high homogeneity, and acceptable values of pH. The comparability profile of the lornoxicam release from the lornoxicam nanogel formulations (LN1-LN6) and conventional lornoxicam gel (G) was in the following descending order: LN3 > LN2> LN1 > LN6 > LN5 > LN4 > G. The characterization and evaluation processes highly support promise transdermal delivery system to decrease pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal diseases.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"159 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id305
Thuraya Mehbas Dewan, Rashid Rahim Hateet
Synthesizing of AgNPs with a cost effective, environmentally friendly in simple ways, then use them as antibacterial and as anticancer on breast cancer cell line. The soil samples were collected from different places. Isolated, then purified, identified genotypically by 16Sr RNA sequencing analysis and compared with NCBI, GenBank which identified as Microbacterium sp., and there was a new strain discovered for the first time in Iraq register in our name and gave a new sequence ID in GenBank. Biosynthesis of AgNPs using extracellular synthesis by reducing Ag+ to Ag0 and forming silver nanoparticles. The color (reddish brown) was the first indicator of the formation of AgNPs, which was characterizing by using: UV-Visible Spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-ray), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy).Biological identification of AgNPs was determination by antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs, the specimens collected from Al- Sadr hospital / Misan (identified by using VITEK 2). The result showed inhibition zone on pathogenic bacteria range (6- 38mm), and compared with Gentamycin antibiotic on same specimens. By the using of MTT test against breast cancer cells (MCF7 cell line), antitumor activity of were determined and showed very high results. The breast cancer cell line inhibition by about 81% at 100µg/ml, the rate of inhibition was very good and strongly suppressed MCF-7 cell lines proliferation, so different biomedical field can be used from AgNPs as antibacterial and anticancer agents, with considerable results.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Microbacterium sp. for Determination of Antibacterial and Antitumor","authors":"Thuraya Mehbas Dewan, Rashid Rahim Hateet","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id305","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesizing of AgNPs with a cost effective, environmentally friendly in simple ways, then use them as antibacterial and as anticancer on breast cancer cell line. The soil samples were collected from different places. Isolated, then purified, identified genotypically by 16Sr RNA sequencing analysis and compared with NCBI, GenBank which identified as Microbacterium sp., and there was a new strain discovered for the first time in Iraq register in our name and gave a new sequence ID in GenBank. Biosynthesis of AgNPs using extracellular synthesis by reducing Ag+ to Ag0 and forming silver nanoparticles. The color (reddish brown) was the first indicator of the formation of AgNPs, which was characterizing by using: UV-Visible Spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-ray), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy).Biological identification of AgNPs was determination by antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs, the specimens collected from Al- Sadr hospital / Misan (identified by using VITEK 2). The result showed inhibition zone on pathogenic bacteria range (6- 38mm), and compared with Gentamycin antibiotic on same specimens. By the using of MTT test against breast cancer cells (MCF7 cell line), antitumor activity of were determined and showed very high results. The breast cancer cell line inhibition by about 81% at 100µg/ml, the rate of inhibition was very good and strongly suppressed MCF-7 cell lines proliferation, so different biomedical field can be used from AgNPs as antibacterial and anticancer agents, with considerable results.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id292
Omar A. Abdulrazzaq, Shaima K. Abdulridha, Dhafir F. Ali, Hussein Al-Qarishey
Graphene Oxide nanosheets were synthesized using electrochemical exfoliation of pencil electrodes in aqueous solution containing 2% of magnesium sulfate salt. A solar panel of 20V was used as a power supply to turn the synthesis into a green method. Several measurements were carried out to investigate the product, namely: Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Raman scattering showed the existence of both D-band and G-band, which are an indication of graphene oxide existence. The D-to-G band ratio was 1.5. The results of X-ray showed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 20.7° corresponding to the space distance between graphene oxide nanosheets and a diffraction peak at 2θ = 26.25° corresponding to the short range interplanar spacing. Photoluminescence showed two peaks of emission (at wavelengths 355nm & 701nm) regarding to the π-π* transition. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy exhibited a 4.2eV photon energy absorption peak corresponding to the aromatic C=C bonds and 5.4eV photon energy absorption peak corresponding to the carbonyl groups. FTIR showed peaks related to hydroxyl groups, hydrogen-bonded OH groups of COOH, and functional groups such as C-OH (1375 cm-1), and C-O (1039 cm-1). FTIR results approved that graphene oxide nanosheets are functionalized. TEM images show that the synthesized graphene oxide is single-, double-, and multi-layer stacks with an amount of impurities.
{"title":"Study of the Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Synthesized from Pencil Electrode Using Electrochemical Method and Solar Energy as a Source of Power","authors":"Omar A. Abdulrazzaq, Shaima K. Abdulridha, Dhafir F. Ali, Hussein Al-Qarishey","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id292","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene Oxide nanosheets were synthesized using electrochemical exfoliation of pencil electrodes in aqueous solution containing 2% of magnesium sulfate salt. A solar panel of 20V was used as a power supply to turn the synthesis into a green method. Several measurements were carried out to investigate the product, namely: Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Raman scattering showed the existence of both D-band and G-band, which are an indication of graphene oxide existence. The D-to-G band ratio was 1.5. The results of X-ray showed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 20.7° corresponding to the space distance between graphene oxide nanosheets and a diffraction peak at 2θ = 26.25° corresponding to the short range interplanar spacing. Photoluminescence showed two peaks of emission (at wavelengths 355nm & 701nm) regarding to the π-π* transition. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy exhibited a 4.2eV photon energy absorption peak corresponding to the aromatic C=C bonds and 5.4eV photon energy absorption peak corresponding to the carbonyl groups. FTIR showed peaks related to hydroxyl groups, hydrogen-bonded OH groups of COOH, and functional groups such as C-OH (1375 cm-1), and C-O (1039 cm-1). FTIR results approved that graphene oxide nanosheets are functionalized. TEM images show that the synthesized graphene oxide is single-, double-, and multi-layer stacks with an amount of impurities.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id288
Kafa Khalaf Hammud
Nano – term is a mimicking dimensional philosophy of natural structure. With same context, nanomaterials in research and processing display a mimic philosophy with particular function(s) in human and other living creatures such as DNA, ribosome, antibody, enzyme, protein, glucose, haemoglobin, and bone (hydroxyapatite or collagen). Also, some microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) are in nano-sized that enabling them for easily entrance to their hosts. According to range definition (1-100(nm)), type, application, toxicity beside environmental impact for short – and long term, nanomaterial and nanotechnology have important achievements starting from discovery to production state. Nanomaterials are high surface materials having enormous selectivity – reactivity resulted from high active sites to area ratio. They prepared by physical, chemical and bio -green reactions that applied to formulate micro- and nano- organic(s) and inorganic(s). These significant materials performe amazing levels in research, discovery, development, and processing in industry, medicine, pharmacy, science, technology, and other life fields. In this mini - review, fast journey with more than seventy references beside their cited books or articles demonstrated that nano sized materials are superior and adjustable in their physical, chemical, and / or biological properties compared to bulk counterparts. Their classification varied according to composition, origin, size (or surface area), and shape that lead to safety – application balance. The dramatically innovation in nano science and technology is a result of surface area to volume ratio that promoted multiple uses and toxicological changing in cell, membrane, or organ. Finally, there is a serious need for more research in these smaller particles to demonstrate what, how, where, and when nanomaterials are safe and eco-friendly through type, concentration, time of exposure, and biological target specifications beside motivate them as more suitable for bio-, agro, food, and medical uses.
{"title":"A Brief Journey in Nanomaterials: Base and Recent Research Trends","authors":"Kafa Khalaf Hammud","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id288","url":null,"abstract":"Nano – term is a mimicking dimensional philosophy of natural structure. With same context, nanomaterials in research and processing display a mimic philosophy with particular function(s) in human and other living creatures such as DNA, ribosome, antibody, enzyme, protein, glucose, haemoglobin, and bone (hydroxyapatite or collagen). Also, some microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) are in nano-sized that enabling them for easily entrance to their hosts. According to range definition (1-100(nm)), type, application, toxicity beside environmental impact for short – and long term, nanomaterial and nanotechnology have important achievements starting from discovery to production state. Nanomaterials are high surface materials having enormous selectivity – reactivity resulted from high active sites to area ratio. They prepared by physical, chemical and bio -green reactions that applied to formulate micro- and nano- organic(s) and inorganic(s). These significant materials performe amazing levels in research, discovery, development, and processing in industry, medicine, pharmacy, science, technology, and other life fields. In this mini - review, fast journey with more than seventy references beside their cited books or articles demonstrated that nano sized materials are superior and adjustable in their physical, chemical, and / or biological properties compared to bulk counterparts. Their classification varied according to composition, origin, size (or surface area), and shape that lead to safety – application balance. The dramatically innovation in nano science and technology is a result of surface area to volume ratio that promoted multiple uses and toxicological changing in cell, membrane, or organ. Finally, there is a serious need for more research in these smaller particles to demonstrate what, how, where, and when nanomaterials are safe and eco-friendly through type, concentration, time of exposure, and biological target specifications beside motivate them as more suitable for bio-, agro, food, and medical uses.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id300
B. M. Majthoob, M. Alhamd, I. Al-Alawy
This study introduces the calculations of the radiation background, by characterizing the radionuclides and calculating their specific effectiveness in the environment of the city of Baghdad (soil and plants) using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. 20 soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected for 5 locations on the Rusafa side, where the site coordinates were fixed using the G.P.S device. A modern global gamma-ray spectroscopy system (DSA 2000) was used, with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with an efficiency of 50% and an analysis capacity of 2.2 keV with respect to the energy of 1332 keV for the 60Co source. The results of the specific activity rates of the radionuclides (214Bi or 214Pb), (228Ac or 208Tl), (40K), and (137Cs) in soil were: (50.735 Bq/kg or 0.525 Bq/kg) which is close to the value of the previously published results, as the highest value was recorded in Bangladesh (88.1 Bq/kg or 4.8 Bq/kg). The results of the qualitative effectiveness of the soil of the sites showed normal levels within the radiation background of Baghdad's soil. There was a significant convergence of the study's findings with other studies.
{"title":"Soil Measurements Using High Purity Germanium Gamma Spectroscopy for Areas Surrounding Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Site","authors":"B. M. Majthoob, M. Alhamd, I. Al-Alawy","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id300","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the calculations of the radiation background, by characterizing the radionuclides and calculating their specific effectiveness in the environment of the city of Baghdad (soil and plants) using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. 20 soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected for 5 locations on the Rusafa side, where the site coordinates were fixed using the G.P.S device. A modern global gamma-ray spectroscopy system (DSA 2000) was used, with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with an efficiency of 50% and an analysis capacity of 2.2 keV with respect to the energy of 1332 keV for the 60Co source. The results of the specific activity rates of the radionuclides (214Bi or 214Pb), (228Ac or 208Tl), (40K), and (137Cs) in soil were: (50.735 Bq/kg or 0.525 Bq/kg) which is close to the value of the previously published results, as the highest value was recorded in Bangladesh (88.1 Bq/kg or 4.8 Bq/kg). The results of the qualitative effectiveness of the soil of the sites showed normal levels within the radiation background of Baghdad's soil. There was a significant convergence of the study's findings with other studies.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id307
Mohammed Jaber Al-Obaidi, A. Abbas
The current study was designed to examine the synergistic effects of 2,4-D and copper sulfates in controlling Bulinus truncatus snail (the vector of urinary Schistosomiasis). Freshwater snails B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827) were exposed to copper sulphates (CuSO4) and the herbicide (2,4-D). The mortality was assessed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure time. The toxicity of CuSO4 showed to be more than the toxicity of 2,4-D to B. truncatus snail. Such, the toxicity of both substances (2,4-D and CuSO4) appeared to be more toxic than each substance toxicity alone. A lethal concentration means of CuSO4 (LC50) was 0.44 ppm, while the 2,4-D was 0.38 ppm. In addition, the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 (1ml+2g) was 0.22 ppm while the mixture (2ml+1g) was 0.26ppm. The study was concluded the synergistic toxicity of a mixture of two substances used. Also, mixing the both substances was produced more toxic effect than the prober substances alone. Protection of the environment must be taken in considerations when use these materials to kill the snails. The results of this study showed that the mortality rates were increased with increasing of concentrations used in treatment. The study was improved that the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 has synergistic toxicity when mixed together.
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of 2,4-D Herbicide and Copper Sulphates in Control the Snail Bulinus Truncatus by Using Bioassay","authors":"Mohammed Jaber Al-Obaidi, A. Abbas","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id307","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was designed to examine the synergistic effects of 2,4-D and copper sulfates in controlling Bulinus truncatus snail (the vector of urinary Schistosomiasis). Freshwater snails B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827) were exposed to copper sulphates (CuSO4) and the herbicide (2,4-D). The mortality was assessed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure time. The toxicity of CuSO4 showed to be more than the toxicity of 2,4-D to B. truncatus snail. Such, the toxicity of both substances (2,4-D and CuSO4) appeared to be more toxic than each substance toxicity alone. A lethal concentration means of CuSO4 (LC50) was 0.44 ppm, while the 2,4-D was 0.38 ppm. In addition, the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 (1ml+2g) was 0.22 ppm while the mixture (2ml+1g) was 0.26ppm. The study was concluded the synergistic toxicity of a mixture of two substances used. Also, mixing the both substances was produced more toxic effect than the prober substances alone. Protection of the environment must be taken in considerations when use these materials to kill the snails. The results of this study showed that the mortality rates were increased with increasing of concentrations used in treatment. The study was improved that the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 has synergistic toxicity when mixed together.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88230881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id299
M. Alhamd, Sadeq Naeem Atiyah, Zaki Abduljabbar Alqaisi, M. K. AL-Gharrawy
The present study aimed to determine the levels of contamination with Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in one of the south oil company fields. The external gamma absorbed dose rate Dγ measured in units of µSv/h was caused by gamma rays of Radium 222, Radium 228 (Thorium 232), and Potassium 40, respectively. The largest value is 9.220 µSv/h. It was found that the highest specific activity (concentration) for Radium 226 is 1136 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.06 and the highest specific activity for Radium 228 is 721 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. As for Radium 224, its highest specific activity is 631 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. Radium-228 is higher than that of Radium-224 or Radium-226, as the Radium-224 is from the Uranium-232 series, and the Radium-228 and Radium-224 are from the Thorium-232 series, meaning that the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain is lower than the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain Uranium, because the half-life of Radium-226 is 1600 years, which is greater than the half-life of Radium-228, which is 5.75 years. A comparison was made between the local results with the results of soil in Amman. Methods of treating pollution with natural radioactive materials in the oil industry were also discussed.
{"title":"Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Soil of Near Basra Oil Company Fields","authors":"M. Alhamd, Sadeq Naeem Atiyah, Zaki Abduljabbar Alqaisi, M. K. AL-Gharrawy","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id299","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to determine the levels of contamination with Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in one of the south oil company fields. The external gamma absorbed dose rate Dγ measured in units of µSv/h was caused by gamma rays of Radium 222, Radium 228 (Thorium 232), and Potassium 40, respectively. The largest value is 9.220 µSv/h. It was found that the highest specific activity (concentration) for Radium 226 is 1136 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.06 and the highest specific activity for Radium 228 is 721 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. As for Radium 224, its highest specific activity is 631 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. Radium-228 is higher than that of Radium-224 or Radium-226, as the Radium-224 is from the Uranium-232 series, and the Radium-228 and Radium-224 are from the Thorium-232 series, meaning that the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain is lower than the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain Uranium, because the half-life of Radium-226 is 1600 years, which is greater than the half-life of Radium-228, which is 5.75 years. A comparison was made between the local results with the results of soil in Amman. Methods of treating pollution with natural radioactive materials in the oil industry were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82854647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id249
Sahar Sadoon Abdullah, Shatha Ahmed Abdullah, Abeer Hashem Abdullah, S. Awad, A. Salman
Thermostone industry is constantly evolving After its emergence as a distinctive building material, especially in terms of thermal and sound insulation, lightness and the preference for its use in construction, due to the speed of implementation and low costs, its use as reinforced panels was developed and was not limited to block walls only, this material began to appear in some buildings as a material to fill concrete structures and a material for creating partitions, and then it was adopted as a basic building material and it will have an effective role when integrating the industry of open system building systems that can be developed. This research examines ways to enhance specifications and create a thermostone building system that, in terms of function, performance, and construction techniques, both meets the needs of regional architecture and the technical development process as a whole. The research's goal is to increase the requirements of thermostone by introducing additives like polypropylene at a rate ranging from 1 to 5%. The addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or organic fumigants (phosphine and sulfur) as well as three percentages, where 20% produced the best results. The substitution of a portion of one of its constituent materials with another component, as in the replacement of 2% of sand with fly ash powder after re-grinding it to a fineness of 75-85 micrometers to suit the mixing process and the use of white sand with a purity of up to 95%. The best results were obtained when replacing a powdered glass (the best replacement percentage is 10%). the best formation percentage is 0.12%, and the research regulated the ratios of the original thermostone ingredients, such as aluminum, with decrease and increase to achieve the best outcome.
{"title":"Improving the Thermostone Properties by Treating with Some Additives","authors":"Sahar Sadoon Abdullah, Shatha Ahmed Abdullah, Abeer Hashem Abdullah, S. Awad, A. Salman","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i1id249","url":null,"abstract":"Thermostone industry is constantly evolving After its emergence as a distinctive building material, especially in terms of thermal and sound insulation, lightness and the preference for its use in construction, due to the speed of implementation and low costs, its use as reinforced panels was developed and was not limited to block walls only, this material began to appear in some buildings as a material to fill concrete structures and a material for creating partitions, and then it was adopted as a basic building material and it will have an effective role when integrating the industry of open system building systems that can be developed. This research examines ways to enhance specifications and create a thermostone building system that, in terms of function, performance, and construction techniques, both meets the needs of regional architecture and the technical development process as a whole. The research's goal is to increase the requirements of thermostone by introducing additives like polypropylene at a rate ranging from 1 to 5%. The addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or organic fumigants (phosphine and sulfur) as well as three percentages, where 20% produced the best results. The substitution of a portion of one of its constituent materials with another component, as in the replacement of 2% of sand with fly ash powder after re-grinding it to a fineness of 75-85 micrometers to suit the mixing process and the use of white sand with a purity of up to 95%. The best results were obtained when replacing a powdered glass (the best replacement percentage is 10%). the best formation percentage is 0.12%, and the research regulated the ratios of the original thermostone ingredients, such as aluminum, with decrease and increase to achieve the best outcome.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87999700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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