Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id265
A. Subhi
Friction stir brazing (FSB) is a new technology developed for its ability to join similar and dissimilar metals and alloys resulting in a joint with considerable characteristics through the use of interlayer (braze) material under the action of a pinless rotating tool and other FSB parameters. The frictional heat during FSB is responsible for the melting of the braze material between the two workpieces, while the shoulder action must be satisfactory for the extrusion of the excess braze liquid phase depending on the FSB parameters used. The parameters of FSB also have a considerable impact on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of friction stir brazed (FSBed) joints. Sound interfacial bonding can be observed in the central zone of FSBed joints, where intermetallic compounds (IMCs) can be formed by direct diffusion among the dissimilar workpieces after extrusion of liquid phase rather than by mechanical mixing or solidification of braze material. Increasing the transverse speed at a constant rotational speed has an influence on the peak temperature, but it remarkably reduces the holding time owing to the increased cooling rate. The use of vibration in the FSB increments the fluidity of the molten braze material among the joining workpieces resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of IMCs particles. In this review article, FSB parameters, bonding mechanisms, as well as the microstructure, and mechanical properties of FSBed joints are reviewed.
{"title":"A Review on the Friction Stir Brazing for Joining Dissimilar Materials","authors":"A. Subhi","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id265","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir brazing (FSB) is a new technology developed for its ability to join similar and dissimilar metals and alloys resulting in a joint with considerable characteristics through the use of interlayer (braze) material under the action of a pinless rotating tool and other FSB parameters. The frictional heat during FSB is responsible for the melting of the braze material between the two workpieces, while the shoulder action must be satisfactory for the extrusion of the excess braze liquid phase depending on the FSB parameters used. The parameters of FSB also have a considerable impact on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of friction stir brazed (FSBed) joints. Sound interfacial bonding can be observed in the central zone of FSBed joints, where intermetallic compounds (IMCs) can be formed by direct diffusion among the dissimilar workpieces after extrusion of liquid phase rather than by mechanical mixing or solidification of braze material. Increasing the transverse speed at a constant rotational speed has an influence on the peak temperature, but it remarkably reduces the holding time owing to the increased cooling rate. The use of vibration in the FSB increments the fluidity of the molten braze material among the joining workpieces resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of IMCs particles. In this review article, FSB parameters, bonding mechanisms, as well as the microstructure, and mechanical properties of FSBed joints are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83826158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id205
T. Y. Ibrahim
In general, one of the most important and dangerous pathogens facing human society is the resistance of different types of bacteria to many types of antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most dangerous pathogens because of its prevalence in the hospital environment, being among the normal flora of bacteria inside the body also they are opportunistic bacteria due to their ability to turn into pathogenic bacteria when there is any weakness in the body’s immunity thus causes many diseases such as pneumonia, inflammation of the central nervous system and many different diseases. Because of the high ability of A. baumannii to acquire genes responsible for resistance to all antibiotics, including carbapenems, from the environment, it has become necessary to discover new methods to limit the spread of this bacteria and treat them. Among these methods is the treatment by bacteriophages then studying the physical properties, and one of the important characteristics that must be studied is the best pH that maintains the stability and effectiveness of the bacteriophage specialized in treating A. baumannii (ϕTZ), which belongs to the family Myoviridae. The pH 6.0 was found to maintain the best activity in the lysis of bacteria and stability of Bacteriophage. As well as, it was able to survive 100%.
{"title":"Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii by Specialized ϕTZ Bacteriophage and Studying of pH Effect on Bacteriophage Stability and Efficacy","authors":"T. Y. Ibrahim","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id205","url":null,"abstract":"In general, one of the most important and dangerous pathogens facing human society is the resistance of different types of bacteria to many types of antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most dangerous pathogens because of its prevalence in the hospital environment, being among the normal flora of bacteria inside the body also they are opportunistic bacteria due to their ability to turn into pathogenic bacteria when there is any weakness in the body’s immunity thus causes many diseases such as pneumonia, inflammation of the central nervous system and many different diseases. Because of the high ability of A. baumannii to acquire genes responsible for resistance to all antibiotics, including carbapenems, from the environment, it has become necessary to discover new methods to limit the spread of this bacteria and treat them. Among these methods is the treatment by bacteriophages then studying the physical properties, and one of the important characteristics that must be studied is the best pH that maintains the stability and effectiveness of the bacteriophage specialized in treating A. baumannii (ϕTZ), which belongs to the family Myoviridae. The pH 6.0 was found to maintain the best activity in the lysis of bacteria and stability of Bacteriophage. As well as, it was able to survive 100%.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74049887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id216
Haneen Esam Saleh, Jamal Salman Chiad, Sanaa Mohammed Shawkat
This research aims to study the effect of chia seeds extract (Salvia hispanica L.) extracted by the method (alcohol extract with soxhelt and oil extract with a screw) in the treatment of periodontitis (gingiva), where the biological activity was tested against the most important bacteria and fungi that cause gingivitis for both extracts and compared with the control. The results of the current study showed that there is a superiority of the oil extract with a screw device over the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the most important bacteria that cause gingivitis, namely (S.mutans), in addition to other types of bacteria (S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. aureus) and the fungus (C. albicans). Some chemical components (active groups) of the oil extract of chia seeds were detected, and it has been found that they contain many active groups, including tannins, resins, flavonoids... etc. the Toxicity tests of the oily extract was carried out by both methods and it was observed that it was free from it after experimenting with several concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of body weight on laboratory animals (mice), where The results of the study showed at concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, and 75%) positive efficacy of both types of oil extract against oral microorganisms through the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration higher of %75 (16mm) for bacteria (S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. aureus)of the oil extract with alcohol and 13 mm for the oil extract with a screw device for bacteria (S. epidermidis) while the highest inhibition was for the second method of extraction against the fungus (C. albicans) where it was 25mm and bacteria (S.mutans) (20mm), that was conducted in the laboratories of Ibn Al-Bitar Center/Industrial Research and Development Authority.
{"title":"Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation the Activity of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an Antibacterial for the Treatment of Gingivitis","authors":"Haneen Esam Saleh, Jamal Salman Chiad, Sanaa Mohammed Shawkat","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id216","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study the effect of chia seeds extract (Salvia hispanica L.) extracted by the method (alcohol extract with soxhelt and oil extract with a screw) in the treatment of periodontitis (gingiva), where the biological activity was tested against the most important bacteria and fungi that cause gingivitis for both extracts and compared with the control. The results of the current study showed that there is a superiority of the oil extract with a screw device over the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the most important bacteria that cause gingivitis, namely (S.mutans), in addition to other types of bacteria (S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. aureus) and the fungus (C. albicans). Some chemical components (active groups) of the oil extract of chia seeds were detected, and it has been found that they contain many active groups, including tannins, resins, flavonoids... etc. the Toxicity tests of the oily extract was carried out by both methods and it was observed that it was free from it after experimenting with several concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of body weight on laboratory animals (mice), where The results of the study showed at concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, and 75%) positive efficacy of both types of oil extract against oral microorganisms through the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration higher of %75 (16mm) for bacteria (S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. aureus)of the oil extract with alcohol and 13 mm for the oil extract with a screw device for bacteria (S. epidermidis) while the highest inhibition was for the second method of extraction against the fungus (C. albicans) where it was 25mm and bacteria (S.mutans) (20mm), that was conducted in the laboratories of Ibn Al-Bitar Center/Industrial Research and Development Authority.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78892804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id275
Nada K. Abbas, Zainab Yaaqoub
This study aims to prepare cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in two methods, which are the chemical method and the biological method using two types of extracts, green tea, and starch. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesis of crystalline CdS nanoparticles was confirmed by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pattern reveals cubic and hexagonal structures. The average crystal size for the methods respectively is 11.5, 15.9, and 5.67 nm, which have a spherical shape for nanoparticles CdS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peaks of cadmium and sulfur emerged in the assay (EDX). The energy gap of the CdS has increased than the energy gap of the bulk CdS, the results were 2.63, 2.88, and 3.06 eV, respectively. This is an evidence of obtaining a nano-material for CDS by these two methods.
{"title":"Effect of Using Different Preparation Methods on the Properties of CdS Nanoparticles","authors":"Nada K. Abbas, Zainab Yaaqoub","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id275","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to prepare cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in two methods, which are the chemical method and the biological method using two types of extracts, green tea, and starch. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesis of crystalline CdS nanoparticles was confirmed by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pattern reveals cubic and hexagonal structures. The average crystal size for the methods respectively is 11.5, 15.9, and 5.67 nm, which have a spherical shape for nanoparticles CdS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peaks of cadmium and sulfur emerged in the assay (EDX). The energy gap of the CdS has increased than the energy gap of the bulk CdS, the results were 2.63, 2.88, and 3.06 eV, respectively. This is an evidence of obtaining a nano-material for CDS by these two methods.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82705202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id263
S. K. Taaban
For the purpose of studying the antibacterial effect of maclura leaves as an insecticide of plant origin against whitefly, a laboratory experiment was carried out using four concentrations of alcoholic extract of maclura plant, which were 0.5, 10, 1.5 and 2.0 g/l in controlling the whitefly in adults and nymph’s phases. and through the results obtained from the experiment, which showed the concentration of 2 g/l was significantly superior to the other concentrations achieving a percentage killing rate of 91% in adult’s phase and 95% in nymph’s phase, in adult’s phase. In this experiment, the number of live insects before spraying decreased from 100 insects to 9 insects after spraying after 72 hours, with an increase in the efficiency of killing rate over the other concentrations, amounted to 16.66%, 42.18% and 65.89%, respectively in adult’s phase, while in nymphs phase the number insects decreased from 100 live insects before spraying to 5 live insects, while the lowest effects for the concentrations, it was to the concentration 0.5 g/l , which achieved the lowest rates in the relative killing efficiency rate compared to other concentrations were used in the experiment. Tests to detect the content of the plant extract from the active substances showed the presence of many compounds, including: tannins, glycosides, phenols, Resins, carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids and terpenes. This study evaluated the efficacy of maclura plant extracts against whitefly and study impact of the plant extract on phases of life this insect also tested under experimental conditions.
为研究植物源杀虫剂大花楸叶对粉虱的抑菌作用，采用0.5、10、1.5和2.0 g/l浓度的大花楸醇提物对成虫期和若虫期粉虱的抑菌作用进行了室内实验。实验结果表明，2 g/l浓度显著优于其他浓度，成虫期和若虫期的杀虫率分别为91%和95%。在这个实验中,喷涂之前住昆虫的数量从100减少昆虫9昆虫喷洒后72小时后,与在其他浓度,杀灭率的效率达到16.66%,42.18%和65.89%,分别在成人的阶段,而在仙女阶段昆虫数量减少从100年住昆虫在喷涂前5住昆虫,而最低浓度的影响,浓度0.5 g / l,与其他浓度相比，该浓度的相对杀灭效率最低。从活性物质中检测植物提取物含量的测试表明，存在许多化合物，包括:单宁、苷类、酚类、树脂、碳水化合物、皂苷、生物碱和萜烯。本研究评价了黄花楸植物提取物对粉虱的防治效果，研究了黄花楸植物提取物对粉虱不同生命阶段的影响，并在实验条件下进行了试验。
{"title":"Anti-Whitefly Effect Using Maclura Leaf Extract as a Botanical Insecticide","authors":"S. K. Taaban","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id263","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of studying the antibacterial effect of maclura leaves as an insecticide of plant origin against whitefly, a laboratory experiment was carried out using four concentrations of alcoholic extract of maclura plant, which were 0.5, 10, 1.5 and 2.0 g/l in controlling the whitefly in adults and nymph’s phases. and through the results obtained from the experiment, which showed the concentration of 2 g/l was significantly superior to the other concentrations achieving a percentage killing rate of 91% in adult’s phase and 95% in nymph’s phase, in adult’s phase. In this experiment, the number of live insects before spraying decreased from 100 insects to 9 insects after spraying after 72 hours, with an increase in the efficiency of killing rate over the other concentrations, amounted to 16.66%, 42.18% and 65.89%, respectively in adult’s phase, while in nymphs phase the number insects decreased from 100 live insects before spraying to 5 live insects, while the lowest effects for the concentrations, it was to the concentration 0.5 g/l , which achieved the lowest rates in the relative killing efficiency rate compared to other concentrations were used in the experiment. Tests to detect the content of the plant extract from the active substances showed the presence of many compounds, including: tannins, glycosides, phenols, Resins, carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids and terpenes. This study evaluated the efficacy of maclura plant extracts against whitefly and study impact of the plant extract on phases of life this insect also tested under experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82182219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id257
A. F. Abbas, Samir H. Jiad, I. A. Khalaf, R. A. Ahmed, Israa E. Shwaish, S. A. Jassim
Corona viruses are a family of viruses that can cause diseases such as the common cold and acute respiratory infection and in 2019, a new type of corona virus was discovered that caused an outbreak of a disease that originated in China. The virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease is called emerging corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the corona virus (COVID-19) to be a global pandemic. In this research, a diagnostic kit was prepared that is used in the laboratory to detect infection with Acquired Corona Virus (COVID19) by the method of the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Conjugated secondary antibodies tagged with HRP which gives a color signal with the substrate added to it, its intensity depends on the amount of antibodies present in the pathological sample. We used a microtiter plate coated with the virus core and ns antigen and a conjugate product from Imbian Company, while the other of the kit components (reagents and buffers) were prepared in Al-Razi laboratories to be suitable for use. Tests were conducted on the prepared kit for 96 samples, including 55 samples for positive cases and 41 samples for negative cases, which were obtained from the specialized laboratories and patients. The tests showed conformity in the results compared to foreign kit used for this purpose and using the ELISA washer and reader devices available in Al-Razi center's laboratories. And by installing the method of preparation by fixing the method of preparation and obtaining identical results, Al-Razi center can produce pioneering batches and provide the laboratories of Ministry of Health of this type of diagnostic kits.
{"title":"Preparation of Diagnosis Kit for COVID-19 Corona Virus Using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay (ELISA)","authors":"A. F. Abbas, Samir H. Jiad, I. A. Khalaf, R. A. Ahmed, Israa E. Shwaish, S. A. Jassim","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id257","url":null,"abstract":"Corona viruses are a family of viruses that can cause diseases such as the common cold and acute respiratory infection and in 2019, a new type of corona virus was discovered that caused an outbreak of a disease that originated in China. The virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease is called emerging corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the corona virus (COVID-19) to be a global pandemic. In this research, a diagnostic kit was prepared that is used in the laboratory to detect infection with Acquired Corona Virus (COVID19) by the method of the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Conjugated secondary antibodies tagged with HRP which gives a color signal with the substrate added to it, its intensity depends on the amount of antibodies present in the pathological sample. We used a microtiter plate coated with the virus core and ns antigen and a conjugate product from Imbian Company, while the other of the kit components (reagents and buffers) were prepared in Al-Razi laboratories to be suitable for use. Tests were conducted on the prepared kit for 96 samples, including 55 samples for positive cases and 41 samples for negative cases, which were obtained from the specialized laboratories and patients. The tests showed conformity in the results compared to foreign kit used for this purpose and using the ELISA washer and reader devices available in Al-Razi center's laboratories. And by installing the method of preparation by fixing the method of preparation and obtaining identical results, Al-Razi center can produce pioneering batches and provide the laboratories of Ministry of Health of this type of diagnostic kits.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74273081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id229
Iman Muhammed Sultan, Suhir Abdel Aziz Jaber, Saeed Hamid Obour, Lara Ghani Mahawesh, Thana'a Abdul Amir Jassim
Cement kiln dust (CKD) is released as an accidental product in large quantities and is classified as solid waste and has negative effects on the environment to benefit from these wastes and achieve an environmental and economic return, this research was carried out to study the effect of cement dust produced from Kufa Cement Factory on the properties of concrete by preparing four concrete mixtures by adding cement dust as a partial substitute for cement in proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and comparing it with the reference mixture and conduct the ripening process for ages 7, 28, and 90 days, a set of tests were carried out: (compressive strength, slump, hardening time, density, absorption, porosity, The results of the tests showed, in general, a decrease in the compressive strength, slump and density of concrete, an increase in the water percentage, the initial hardening time, porosity and absorption with an increasing the percentage of addition of cement dust, but by a small amount to 10%, and the percentage of increase or decrease becomes more clear when the percentage of adding cement dust is increased by more than 10%. , on the level of laboratory application, a hollow block was produced by pressing method with an added percentage of cement dust (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of the weight of the cement, a compression and absorption resistance test was conducted, and the results were in accordance with the approved specification and for all percentages of addition.
{"title":"Production of Concrete Mixed with Cement Dust Using Pressure and Curing Methods","authors":"Iman Muhammed Sultan, Suhir Abdel Aziz Jaber, Saeed Hamid Obour, Lara Ghani Mahawesh, Thana'a Abdul Amir Jassim","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id229","url":null,"abstract":"Cement kiln dust (CKD) is released as an accidental product in large quantities and is classified as solid waste and has negative effects on the environment to benefit from these wastes and achieve an environmental and economic return, this research was carried out to study the effect of cement dust produced from Kufa Cement Factory on the properties of concrete by preparing four concrete mixtures by adding cement dust as a partial substitute for cement in proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and comparing it with the reference mixture and conduct the ripening process for ages 7, 28, and 90 days, a set of tests were carried out: (compressive strength, slump, hardening time, density, absorption, porosity, The results of the tests showed, in general, a decrease in the compressive strength, slump and density of concrete, an increase in the water percentage, the initial hardening time, porosity and absorption with an increasing the percentage of addition of cement dust, but by a small amount to 10%, and the percentage of increase or decrease becomes more clear when the percentage of adding cement dust is increased by more than 10%. , on the level of laboratory application, a hollow block was produced by pressing method with an added percentage of cement dust (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of the weight of the cement, a compression and absorption resistance test was conducted, and the results were in accordance with the approved specification and for all percentages of addition.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88484097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id171
Yasir A. Abood, Omar A. Abdulrazzaq, Ghada S. Habib, Zaineb M. Haseeb
In this research, COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation program was used to calculate the coefficients of drag and lift (Cd & CL) and the glide ratio (GR) or so-called CL/Cd ratio for five airfoils (namely: NACA 2412, NACA 2415, NACA 2418, NACA 4412, and NACA 4415) with two criteria (Reynolds's No. 1 × 105 and 2 × 105). We obtained multiple data from the parameters above by changing the angle of attack (α) each time from 0° to 10°. After that, a comparison was made among all date to obtain the highest glide ratio of all airfoils. Moreover, we obtained the highest stability in angle adjustment during operation. The results drawn as diagrams to understand the relationships. The results give us a hint of which airfoil is preferable to use due to wind velocity whether it is high or low and thus can be related to weather conditions in Iraq. Moreover, we can decide which airfoil is the optimum due to the angle of attack adjustment when the angle reaches its optimum value of glide ratio.
{"title":"Determination of the Optimum Aerodynamic Parameters in the Design of Wind Turbine Using COMSOL Multiphysics Software","authors":"Yasir A. Abood, Omar A. Abdulrazzaq, Ghada S. Habib, Zaineb M. Haseeb","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id171","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation program was used to calculate the coefficients of drag and lift (Cd & CL) and the glide ratio (GR) or so-called CL/Cd ratio for five airfoils (namely: NACA 2412, NACA 2415, NACA 2418, NACA 4412, and NACA 4415) with two criteria (Reynolds's No. 1 × 105 and 2 × 105). We obtained multiple data from the parameters above by changing the angle of attack (α) each time from 0° to 10°. After that, a comparison was made among all date to obtain the highest glide ratio of all airfoils. Moreover, we obtained the highest stability in angle adjustment during operation. The results drawn as diagrams to understand the relationships. The results give us a hint of which airfoil is preferable to use due to wind velocity whether it is high or low and thus can be related to weather conditions in Iraq. Moreover, we can decide which airfoil is the optimum due to the angle of attack adjustment when the angle reaches its optimum value of glide ratio.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77843194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id172
F. S. M. Alkhafaji, W. Hasan
Tremendous studies have been proposed to optimize PI controller based Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve the speed performance of DC motor commonly required in robotic applications. In PID controller, there are very few studies to overcome the drawbacks of classical GA, besides little pay attention to improving the speed performance of a DC motor to be measured in the microsecond unit. The main target is to maximize reduction step response characteristics, by proposing to design and fabricate a high speed proportional integral controller system (HSPICS). The primary methodology includes three sub methodologies using several new techniques and procedures to achieve three objectives. Firstly, to propose an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) to enhance the performance for better searching constraints for PI controller. Secondly, generate VHDL based Simulink model without needing expensive software. Finally, integrate the proposed controller-based on FPGA_SoC using Embedded Coder and FPGA in the loop (FIL) techniques to run the design based model. To show the effectiveness of the proposal, it was used three different DC motors. Simulation results show that the proposed controller achieves much higher reduction step response ratios (RSRR) compared with classical GA and PSO, further shortened step response characteristics to be measured in the microsecond unit. Analyzing the performance demonstrates that the RSRR has been enhanced for motors 1, 2, and 3 by 8, 9, and 35 times over classical GA, and 3, 3, and 10 over PSO, respectively. The comparison response time results between simulation and experimental for the studied motors show that the steady state time ratios (SST) were minimized significantly.
为了提高机器人中常用的直流电机的速度性能，人们对基于遗传算法的PI控制器进行了大量的优化研究。在PID控制器中，克服经典遗传算法缺点的研究很少，而且很少关注以微秒为单位来提高待测直流电机的速度性能。通过设计和制造高速比例积分控制系统(HSPICS)，主要目标是最大限度地降低阶跃响应特性。主要方法包括三个子方法，使用几种新技术和程序来实现三个目标。首先，提出了一种改进的遗传算法(IGA)，以提高PI控制器的性能，更好地搜索约束条件。其次，生成基于VHDL的Simulink模型，无需昂贵的软件。最后，利用嵌入式编码器和FPGA in the loop (FIL)技术集成基于FPGA soc的控制器，运行基于设计的模型。为了证明该建议的有效性，它使用了三个不同的直流电机。仿真结果表明，与经典遗传算法和粒子群算法相比，该控制器实现了更高的阶跃响应缩减率(RSRR)，进一步缩短了以微秒为单位测量的阶跃响应特性。性能分析表明，电机1、2和3的RSRR分别比经典遗传算法提高了8倍、9倍和35倍，比PSO分别提高了3倍、3倍和10倍。仿真结果与实验结果的对比表明，所研究电机的稳态时间比(SST)明显减小。
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Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id179
M. S. Joudi, Muthana A. Hilal, Eman M. Kadhum
Kiln dust material is collected during the manufacturing process of cement industry. It is considered as a waste material and poses environmental pollution. The properties of Kiln dust material depend on the kind of raw materials and fuel used. It is considered as a waste material This study focuses on the utilization the waste materials for ceramic products (bricks and tiles). The efficiency parameters (percentage of raw materials, additives, and firing temperature) during manufacture of the samples. Different amount of Kiln dust materials (20, 30 and 40) % were mixed with red kaolin clay and 10% (Na2CO3) is added to reduce firing temperature as a catalyst to prepare glassy phase. The samples were prepared by semi-dry press at a pressure 250 Kg/cm2 in two molds, cylinder (3.5 × 10 cm2) and square (5 × 5 cm2) for brick and tile respectively. Theses samples were dried at room temperature for 48 h. and at 110 °C for 24 hr. then, fired in muffle furnace at different firing temperatures (1050, 1100 and 1150 °C). The properties of ceramic materials after firing are produced a new material modifying in properties, and it is desirable stability of the product during the manufacture, as well as, firing temperature of the samples are very influential parameter on the physical and mechanical properties. Using kiln dust material with red kaolin clay, needs to high firing temperature up to 1150 °C, but the presence Na2CaCO3 in sample aid to decrease firing temperature to 1100 °C, with maintain requirement [1, 2, 3], fixing the addition of kiln dust material should not exceed 30%.
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