Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id335
Mohammed M. Mohammed Rushdy, Hameed O. Abed, Ali M. Maire, Alaa K. Ismaeel, Mustafa G. Farhan, Hassen A. Abed
New method has been applied recently in our Laboratories to distinguish between irradiated and non-irradiated dates. The method depends on the measurement of color intensity and viscosity values for dates sugar water extracts for five different stages of treatments. Doses of (0 .5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.5 kGy) were applied. A considerable increase and decrease of irradiated and non-irradiated dates in color intensity and viscosity values were found between the stages; the results obtained showed that there is a significant increase and decrease in the values of irradiated dates Samples at stages 3, 4 and 5 as compared to non-irradiated Samples (control). At stage 3 the results showed a drop in color intensity of the solution sample from 8701 (control) to 1009 at dose of 1.00 kGy, the results also showed an increase in color intensity (Stage 4) from 2046 (control) to 2712 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (kGy), while the results of the viscosity at stage 5 showed a significant increase from 5.605 (Control) to 7.914 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (KGy).The method appears to be promising to discriminate irradiated from non-irradiated dates. Further developments are needed for this method to increase its accuracy and reliability in measuring the actual dose used in the treatment.
{"title":"Differentiation between Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Dates Using Color Intensity and Viscosity Value Method","authors":"Mohammed M. Mohammed Rushdy, Hameed O. Abed, Ali M. Maire, Alaa K. Ismaeel, Mustafa G. Farhan, Hassen A. Abed","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id335","url":null,"abstract":"New method has been applied recently in our Laboratories to distinguish between irradiated and non-irradiated dates. The method depends on the measurement of color intensity and viscosity values for dates sugar water extracts for five different stages of treatments. Doses of (0 .5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.5 kGy) were applied. A considerable increase and decrease of irradiated and non-irradiated dates in color intensity and viscosity values were found between the stages; the results obtained showed that there is a significant increase and decrease in the values of irradiated dates Samples at stages 3, 4 and 5 as compared to non-irradiated Samples (control). At stage 3 the results showed a drop in color intensity of the solution sample from 8701 (control) to 1009 at dose of 1.00 kGy, the results also showed an increase in color intensity (Stage 4) from 2046 (control) to 2712 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (kGy), while the results of the viscosity at stage 5 showed a significant increase from 5.605 (Control) to 7.914 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (KGy).The method appears to be promising to discriminate irradiated from non-irradiated dates. Further developments are needed for this method to increase its accuracy and reliability in measuring the actual dose used in the treatment.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate fresh orange peels as low cost available adsorbent for removing nickel and cadmium ions from laboratory solutions and record the adsorption capacity, which represents the amount of up take per amount of fresh orange peels (FOP). Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of FOP was carried out and comparing with the peaks of standard FTIR of cellulose matter to show functional groups and finger print that found in FOP formula. Batch experiments were carried out at different conditions: Ni and Cd ions initial concentration are (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) ppm, FOP dosage (0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.5) g, pH (3.5, 5, and 6), contact time (30 to 240) min and temperature (28, 35, and 45) oC where recorded. The results showed that the removal percentage of Ni and Cd increased with increasing FOP dosage. Initial Ni and Cd concentration, pH, and contact time. The best Ni and Cd Removal% where 64% and 80%, respectively at optimum conditions with FOP dosage of 1 g, pH of 6, initial concentration of 50 ppm and contact time of 120 min, where the calculated adsorption capacity was 2.9 mg/g for Ni and 4 mg/g for Cd. In case of the thermal study, best result was obtained at 45 oC with removal% of 65% for Ni and 78% for Cd and adsorption capacity of 2.8 mg/g and 3.7 mg/g for Ni and Cd, respectively.
{"title":"Equilibrium Kinetic and Thermodynamic Adsorption of Ni and Cd Ions from Waste Water Using Orange Peel","authors":"Lina Kareem Amlah, Waleed Muhammed Abood, Dhafer Fezea Ali, Muna Subhi Jamal","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id359","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate fresh orange peels as low cost available adsorbent for removing nickel and cadmium ions from laboratory solutions and record the adsorption capacity, which represents the amount of up take per amount of fresh orange peels (FOP). Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of FOP was carried out and comparing with the peaks of standard FTIR of cellulose matter to show functional groups and finger print that found in FOP formula. Batch experiments were carried out at different conditions: Ni and Cd ions initial concentration are (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) ppm, FOP dosage (0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.5) g, pH (3.5, 5, and 6), contact time (30 to 240) min and temperature (28, 35, and 45) oC where recorded. The results showed that the removal percentage of Ni and Cd increased with increasing FOP dosage. Initial Ni and Cd concentration, pH, and contact time. The best Ni and Cd Removal% where 64% and 80%, respectively at optimum conditions with FOP dosage of 1 g, pH of 6, initial concentration of 50 ppm and contact time of 120 min, where the calculated adsorption capacity was 2.9 mg/g for Ni and 4 mg/g for Cd. In case of the thermal study, best result was obtained at 45 oC with removal% of 65% for Ni and 78% for Cd and adsorption capacity of 2.8 mg/g and 3.7 mg/g for Ni and Cd, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138975543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id352
R. Mohsen
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health challenge, and clearance or persistence of HBV is mostly determined by host immune responses, Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV effects in chronic HBV patients living in Baghdad receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The impact of HBV genotypes on liver-function parameters was explored A case-control study was conducted during June-October 2018 on 80 chronic HBV patients and 96 matched control. The results revealed that most patients were males 50 (62.5%), while female patients accounted for 30 (37.5%). The sera of patients were positive for anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) IgG and -HbsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) antibodies, while they were negative for anti-Hbc IgM antibody. Such profile is consistent with the interpretation of chronic HBV infection. Four liver-function tests (LFTs); total serum bilirubin (TSB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed. Significantly increased levels of ALP, ALT and AST were observed in HBV patients compared to normal healthy control, while TSB showed no significant variation. However, in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, only ALP and AST occupied an excellent area under curve (AUC > 0.90).
{"title":"Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Liver Function Tests in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"R. Mohsen","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id352","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health challenge, and clearance or persistence of HBV is mostly determined by host immune responses, Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV effects in chronic HBV patients living in Baghdad receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The impact of HBV genotypes on liver-function parameters was explored A case-control study was conducted during June-October 2018 on 80 chronic HBV patients and 96 matched control. The results revealed that most patients were males 50 (62.5%), while female patients accounted for 30 (37.5%). The sera of patients were positive for anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) IgG and -HbsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) antibodies, while they were negative for anti-Hbc IgM antibody. Such profile is consistent with the interpretation of chronic HBV infection. Four liver-function tests (LFTs); total serum bilirubin (TSB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed. Significantly increased levels of ALP, ALT and AST were observed in HBV patients compared to normal healthy control, while TSB showed no significant variation. However, in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, only ALP and AST occupied an excellent area under curve (AUC > 0.90).","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id331
Maysoon A. Mohammed
One of the issues with multi-threading in operating systems is the concurrency of operations or threads. In a multithreaded process on a single processor, the processor can switch execution resources between threads, enabling concurrent execution. Concurrency indicates that more than one thread is making progress, but the threads are not actually running simultaneously. The switching between threads occurs rapidly enough that the threads might appear to run simultaneously. In this paper, three related strategies for prioritizing multi-threading are presented: ACE-thread, Semaphore coprocessor, and the Concurrent Priority Threads Algorithm. The aim of this work is to enhance an existing prioritization algorithm, specifically the Concurrent Priority Threads Algorithm, by extending a dynamic slicing algorithm to prioritize multi-threading concurrently. The algorithm is designed to compute correct slices in multi-threading prioritization scenarios. Threads with the same highest priority can perform in a synchronized manner without encountering deadlocks. The C++ programming language is used to implement the extended algorithms. The improved algorithm achieved results that were 3% more accurate than the existing one. The outcomes of this work would facilitate the simultaneous execution of threads with the same priority, ultimately reducing waiting and processing times.
操作系统中的多线程问题之一是操作或线程的并发性。在单个处理器上的多线程进程中，处理器可以在线程之间切换执行资源，从而实现并发执行。并发表示不止一个线程正在取得进展，但这些线程实际上并没有同时运行。线程之间的切换速度非常快，以至于线程看似同时运行。本文介绍了三种相关的多线程优先策略：ACE-线程、Semaphore 协处理器和并发优先线程算法。这项工作的目的是通过扩展动态切片算法来增强现有的优先级算法，特别是并发优先线程算法，以同时确定多线程的优先级。该算法旨在计算多线程优先级情况下的正确切片。具有相同最高优先级的线程可以同步执行，而不会遇到死锁。扩展算法使用 C++ 编程语言实现。改进后的算法比现有算法的精确度高出 3%。这项工作的成果将促进具有相同优先级的线程同步执行，最终减少等待和处理时间。
{"title":"An Improved Dynamic Slicing Algorithm to Prioritize a Concurrent Multi-threading in Operating System","authors":"Maysoon A. Mohammed","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id331","url":null,"abstract":"One of the issues with multi-threading in operating systems is the concurrency of operations or threads. In a multithreaded process on a single processor, the processor can switch execution resources between threads, enabling concurrent execution. Concurrency indicates that more than one thread is making progress, but the threads are not actually running simultaneously. The switching between threads occurs rapidly enough that the threads might appear to run simultaneously. In this paper, three related strategies for prioritizing multi-threading are presented: ACE-thread, Semaphore coprocessor, and the Concurrent Priority Threads Algorithm. The aim of this work is to enhance an existing prioritization algorithm, specifically the Concurrent Priority Threads Algorithm, by extending a dynamic slicing algorithm to prioritize multi-threading concurrently. The algorithm is designed to compute correct slices in multi-threading prioritization scenarios. Threads with the same highest priority can perform in a synchronized manner without encountering deadlocks. The C++ programming language is used to implement the extended algorithms. The improved algorithm achieved results that were 3% more accurate than the existing one. The outcomes of this work would facilitate the simultaneous execution of threads with the same priority, ultimately reducing waiting and processing times.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"19 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id367
K. Hammud
Diagnosis, therapy, and research – development are main targets in radioactive materials issues that took huge places in medical sector of radio-molecular imaging and nuclear medicine where adsorbed radionuclide by the target(s) with high selectivity and minimum duration management compared to chemotherapy. In this study, three online websites created by various scientific groups in Baker Institute, university of Queensland, and School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne as a computed base to predict toxicity of various radiopharmaceuticals having Sm-153; Ga-68; F-18; Hg-197; I-131; I-123; Tc-99m: In-111, or Se-75. Prediction of forty – five radio-chemicals targeted embryo, cardio-: Arrhythmia, heart block, Cardiac Failure, hERG, Myocardial Infarction, and hypertension. Herbicidal activity and environmental safety represented by Honey Bee, Avian, Minnow, as well as human toxicity that include Ames, rat acute (LD50) and chronic (LOAEL) toxicities were additionally evaluated by these three online websites. Here first Iraqi attempt showed that these tested materials had a toxic site to one or more of human (embryo or pregnant mother), cardio- (Arrhythmia, Cardiac Failure, Heart Block, hERG, Hypertension, or Myocardial Infarction) or rat acute (LD50) – chronic (LOAEL), as well as environment (honey, avian, Minnow) characters. Samarium-153 Lexidronam gave a safe in Silico toxicological response to embryo (and pregnant mother), all tested cardio-, honey, and avian. Also, it showed a low number towards Minnow and rat chronic (LOAEL) toxicities. In the same manner, Selenomethionine - 75Se derivative was highly unsafe to embryo (and mother) beside toxic effect in Arrhythmia case. In comparison to Sm-153, Se-75, as a corresponding radio – compound of the naturally amino acid found in soybeans and nuts, had lower Minnow and rat chronic toxicological values but not LD50. So, both radiopharmaceuticals were structurally toxic especially in high concentration and repeated uptake by human or other species.
{"title":"Human – Environment QSAR Studies of Radioactive Chemicals by Online Prediction Websites","authors":"K. Hammud","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i3id367","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis, therapy, and research – development are main targets in radioactive materials issues that took huge places in medical sector of radio-molecular imaging and nuclear medicine where adsorbed radionuclide by the target(s) with high selectivity and minimum duration management compared to chemotherapy. In this study, three online websites created by various scientific groups in Baker Institute, university of Queensland, and School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne as a computed base to predict toxicity of various radiopharmaceuticals having Sm-153; Ga-68; F-18; Hg-197; I-131; I-123; Tc-99m: In-111, or Se-75. Prediction of forty – five radio-chemicals targeted embryo, cardio-: Arrhythmia, heart block, Cardiac Failure, hERG, Myocardial Infarction, and hypertension. Herbicidal activity and environmental safety represented by Honey Bee, Avian, Minnow, as well as human toxicity that include Ames, rat acute (LD50) and chronic (LOAEL) toxicities were additionally evaluated by these three online websites. Here first Iraqi attempt showed that these tested materials had a toxic site to one or more of human (embryo or pregnant mother), cardio- (Arrhythmia, Cardiac Failure, Heart Block, hERG, Hypertension, or Myocardial Infarction) or rat acute (LD50) – chronic (LOAEL), as well as environment (honey, avian, Minnow) characters. Samarium-153 Lexidronam gave a safe in Silico toxicological response to embryo (and pregnant mother), all tested cardio-, honey, and avian. Also, it showed a low number towards Minnow and rat chronic (LOAEL) toxicities. In the same manner, Selenomethionine - 75Se derivative was highly unsafe to embryo (and mother) beside toxic effect in Arrhythmia case. In comparison to Sm-153, Se-75, as a corresponding radio – compound of the naturally amino acid found in soybeans and nuts, had lower Minnow and rat chronic toxicological values but not LD50. So, both radiopharmaceuticals were structurally toxic especially in high concentration and repeated uptake by human or other species.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id290
Nadia Mahmoud Tawfiq Jebril
Nanobiopolymer nanotechnology, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), has been used markedly for various water treatments.EPS has polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, which have functional groups such as amino, sulfhydryl, carboxylic, and phosphate groups that allow binding to metal ions. The accumulation of the metal ions onto the EPS bacterial cell walls is used widely in the bioremediation of cadmium and other metals. This study objectives were extracting EPSs from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 Cd2 and investigating their cadmium adsorption in bead column reactors after being immobilized with calcium alginate. For comparison with the bacterium's role, B. subtilis 168 Cd2 was used before EPS extraction and immobilized with calcium alginate, as well as a comparison with the use of calcium alginate. Cadmium adsorption from solution onto calcium alginate beads with untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and under different pH (4.00, 7.00, and 7.50) were studied. The percentages of adsorption onto untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 were determined and were 89% and 77%, respectively. The adsorption of these were reduced when the pH increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the changes in the morphology of the adsorbents, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry analysis recorded the cumulative concentrations of cadmium in the adsorbents after the cadmium adsorption process. EPS in untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 significantly enhanced cadmium adsorption percentages. The fewer carboxyl and phosphate groups in EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 decreased cadmium adsorption. The results obtained in this study are of fundamental significance for applying nano biopolymers nanotechnology environmental biotechnology and bioremediation.
{"title":"Nanobiopolymer: Potential Applications in Bioremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Water","authors":"Nadia Mahmoud Tawfiq Jebril","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id290","url":null,"abstract":"Nanobiopolymer nanotechnology, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), has been used markedly for various water treatments.EPS has polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, which have functional groups such as amino, sulfhydryl, carboxylic, and phosphate groups that allow binding to metal ions. The accumulation of the metal ions onto the EPS bacterial cell walls is used widely in the bioremediation of cadmium and other metals. This study objectives were extracting EPSs from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 Cd2 and investigating their cadmium adsorption in bead column reactors after being immobilized with calcium alginate. For comparison with the bacterium's role, B. subtilis 168 Cd2 was used before EPS extraction and immobilized with calcium alginate, as well as a comparison with the use of calcium alginate. Cadmium adsorption from solution onto calcium alginate beads with untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and under different pH (4.00, 7.00, and 7.50) were studied. The percentages of adsorption onto untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 and EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 were determined and were 89% and 77%, respectively. The adsorption of these were reduced when the pH increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the changes in the morphology of the adsorbents, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry analysis recorded the cumulative concentrations of cadmium in the adsorbents after the cadmium adsorption process. EPS in untreated B. subtilis 168 Cd2 significantly enhanced cadmium adsorption percentages. The fewer carboxyl and phosphate groups in EPS-free B. subtilis 168 Cd2 decreased cadmium adsorption. The results obtained in this study are of fundamental significance for applying nano biopolymers nanotechnology environmental biotechnology and bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id297
Ahmed K. Hassan, Mahdy S. Jaafar, Luay Q. Hashim, Ahmed M. Rezooqi, Mohammed F. Hashim
In this research, the greener catalyst of iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) was synthesized from the reduction of iron (III) salt by the extract of used green tea leaves waste. The product was characterized by SEM, AFM, and FTIR, while the zeta potential was measured to study the stability of G-FeNPs. The degradation of the anionic dye Eriochrome Blue Black R (EBBR) from an aqueous solution using a Fenton-like process catalyzed by G-FeNPs has been studied. The effects of catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH, initial concentration of EBBR dye, contact time, and temperature were studied and evaluated for dye degradation. The optimized conditions achieved 91.5% removal of 25 mg/L EBBR dye at the reaction conditions: [G-FeNPs] = 0.8 g/L, [H2O2] = 4 mmol/L, pH=3, 60 min contact time, and at room temperature. Four kinetic models were employed to study the reaction kinetic model favorable; first-order, second-order, Elovich, and Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG). In general, Elovich and BMG reaction kinetics models are well fitted to all reactions. The thermodynamic functions, such as ΔGº, ΔHº, and ΔSº, were also investigated. The results obtained indicate that the Fenton-like process of EBBR dye was spontaneous and endothermic.
本研究以绿茶废液为原料，通过还原铁(III)盐，合成了绿色铁纳米颗粒催化剂G-FeNPs。采用SEM、AFM、FTIR对产物进行了表征，并测定了zeta电位，研究了G-FeNPs的稳定性。研究了G-FeNPs催化fenton法降解阴离子染料Eriochrome Blue Black R (EBBR)。考察了催化剂用量、过氧化氢浓度、pH、EBBR染料初始浓度、接触时间、温度等因素对染料降解的影响。优化后的条件为:[g - fenps] = 0.8 g/L， [H2O2] = 4 mmol/L, pH=3，接触时间60 min，室温条件下，EBBR染料的去除率为91.5%。采用四种动力学模型研究了有利的反应动力学模型;一阶，二阶，Elovich和Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG)总的来说，Elovich和BMG反应动力学模型适用于所有的反应。热力学函数如ΔGº，ΔHº和ΔSº也进行了研究。结果表明，EBBR染料的类芬顿反应是自发的、吸热的。
{"title":"Green Chemical Oxidation Using Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Azo Dye in Simulated Wastewater: Kinetics and Thermodynamics","authors":"Ahmed K. Hassan, Mahdy S. Jaafar, Luay Q. Hashim, Ahmed M. Rezooqi, Mohammed F. Hashim","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id297","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the greener catalyst of iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) was synthesized from the reduction of iron (III) salt by the extract of used green tea leaves waste. The product was characterized by SEM, AFM, and FTIR, while the zeta potential was measured to study the stability of G-FeNPs. The degradation of the anionic dye Eriochrome Blue Black R (EBBR) from an aqueous solution using a Fenton-like process catalyzed by G-FeNPs has been studied. The effects of catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH, initial concentration of EBBR dye, contact time, and temperature were studied and evaluated for dye degradation. The optimized conditions achieved 91.5% removal of 25 mg/L EBBR dye at the reaction conditions: [G-FeNPs] = 0.8 g/L, [H2O2] = 4 mmol/L, pH=3, 60 min contact time, and at room temperature. Four kinetic models were employed to study the reaction kinetic model favorable; first-order, second-order, Elovich, and Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG). In general, Elovich and BMG reaction kinetics models are well fitted to all reactions. The thermodynamic functions, such as ΔGº, ΔHº, and ΔSº, were also investigated. The results obtained indicate that the Fenton-like process of EBBR dye was spontaneous and endothermic.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id294
Mustafa M. Hathal, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Issam K. Salih, Rusul A. Rasool
Under the parameters of normal engine operation, lubricating oil typically experience periodic shifts in its viscosity. Because of this, engine oils often include polymeric additives that are referred to as viscosity modifiers. The oil is able to give acceptable fluid lubrication at extreme temps due to these additives, which are oil-soluble polymers. The aim of present work to use polymers in form of nano-composites such as Styrene, Octadecyl-methacrylate (ODMC) and Dodecyle-methcrylate (DDMC) for lube oil viscosity index and pour point enhancement during copolymerization reaction. The benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. Solubilizes were made using SN-150 mineral base oil from the Al-Dorha refineries in Baghdad, which had a viscosity index of 128, and a viscosity range of 0 to 100°C. Styrene and methacrylate monomer combinations were copolymerized in an SN-150 mineral base oil solution in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-80°C. A 200 mm3 oil glass reactor fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was used to conduct the reactions. Five percent by weight of the total monomer was the concentration used. With respect to the monomers, the initiator concentration was 1.0% wt. Seven hours are needed for the whole reaction cycle. The copolymer composition was modified from 5 to 25% wt.% styrene by changing the monomer combination ratio. The advanced statistical analysis is performed to find the optimum conditions by mean of surface response and multiple regression using MINITAB. The optimization finding is obtained at Styrene of 5%, DDMC of 18% and ODMC of 18%, which promotes viscosity index of 197 leading to 51% enhancement in Al-Dora lube oil.
{"title":"Lube Oil Performance Enhancement Using Nano-Polymers Additives during Copolymerization Reaction","authors":"Mustafa M. Hathal, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Issam K. Salih, Rusul A. Rasool","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id294","url":null,"abstract":"Under the parameters of normal engine operation, lubricating oil typically experience periodic shifts in its viscosity. Because of this, engine oils often include polymeric additives that are referred to as viscosity modifiers. The oil is able to give acceptable fluid lubrication at extreme temps due to these additives, which are oil-soluble polymers. The aim of present work to use polymers in form of nano-composites such as Styrene, Octadecyl-methacrylate (ODMC) and Dodecyle-methcrylate (DDMC) for lube oil viscosity index and pour point enhancement during copolymerization reaction. The benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. Solubilizes were made using SN-150 mineral base oil from the Al-Dorha refineries in Baghdad, which had a viscosity index of 128, and a viscosity range of 0 to 100°C. Styrene and methacrylate monomer combinations were copolymerized in an SN-150 mineral base oil solution in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-80°C. A 200 mm3 oil glass reactor fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was used to conduct the reactions. Five percent by weight of the total monomer was the concentration used. With respect to the monomers, the initiator concentration was 1.0% wt. Seven hours are needed for the whole reaction cycle. The copolymer composition was modified from 5 to 25% wt.% styrene by changing the monomer combination ratio. The advanced statistical analysis is performed to find the optimum conditions by mean of surface response and multiple regression using MINITAB. The optimization finding is obtained at Styrene of 5%, DDMC of 18% and ODMC of 18%, which promotes viscosity index of 197 leading to 51% enhancement in Al-Dora lube oil.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id306
Mustafa A. Abdulkareem, Noor A. Muhsin, Fouad S. Al Kaabi
The production of MgTiO3 regular nanoparticles through the reaction of MgSO4 extracted from dolomite with TiO2 has been successfully achieved. In this process, the extraction of MgSO4 from dolomite using H2SO4 precedes the synthesis of MgTiO3 nanoparticles. To ensure the highest purity of the final product, crucial parameters such as starting materials ratio and calcination temperature were meticulously explored. Through systematic experimentation, the optimal conditions for synthesis were determined to be a 1:1.5 ratio of TiO2 to MgSO4, coupled with a calcination temperature of 300 °C. This careful optimization strategy yielded MgTiO3 nanoparticles with remarkable regular nanostructures, as evidenced by structural investigations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). One of the notable advantages of this approach is its energy and cost efficiency. The synthesis process occurs at a relatively low temperature of 300 °C, which not only conserves energy but also suggests its potential applicability in industrial settings. Additionally, the process results in the production of K2SO4 as a byproduct, contributing to cost reduction in manufacturing. In conclusion, this study presents a promising method for producing high-quality MgTiO3 nanoparticles with regular nanostructures through a sequence of controlled reactions. The potential industrial viability, low-temperature synthesis, and byproduct generation further highlight the practical significance of this approach in advancing nanomaterial synthesis and contributing to economic efficiency.
{"title":"Magnesium Titanate Nanoparticles from Dolomite: Cost-Effective Synthesis and Characterization","authors":"Mustafa A. Abdulkareem, Noor A. Muhsin, Fouad S. Al Kaabi","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id306","url":null,"abstract":"The production of MgTiO3 regular nanoparticles through the reaction of MgSO4 extracted from dolomite with TiO2 has been successfully achieved. In this process, the extraction of MgSO4 from dolomite using H2SO4 precedes the synthesis of MgTiO3 nanoparticles. To ensure the highest purity of the final product, crucial parameters such as starting materials ratio and calcination temperature were meticulously explored. Through systematic experimentation, the optimal conditions for synthesis were determined to be a 1:1.5 ratio of TiO2 to MgSO4, coupled with a calcination temperature of 300 °C. This careful optimization strategy yielded MgTiO3 nanoparticles with remarkable regular nanostructures, as evidenced by structural investigations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). One of the notable advantages of this approach is its energy and cost efficiency. The synthesis process occurs at a relatively low temperature of 300 °C, which not only conserves energy but also suggests its potential applicability in industrial settings. Additionally, the process results in the production of K2SO4 as a byproduct, contributing to cost reduction in manufacturing. In conclusion, this study presents a promising method for producing high-quality MgTiO3 nanoparticles with regular nanostructures through a sequence of controlled reactions. The potential industrial viability, low-temperature synthesis, and byproduct generation further highlight the practical significance of this approach in advancing nanomaterial synthesis and contributing to economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id287
Emad Kadum Njim, Fadhel Abbas Hadi, Naeem Abdulmohsin Alhilo
This paper studies the mechanical behavior of functionally graded material viscoelastic (FGVE) products employed in automotive, chemical industry, and biomedical appliances. Various experimental models describe and simulate nanobeams with viscoelastic layers subjected to tensile loading, 3-point bending, tear, and impact. All specimens were prepared using the 3D printing method. Tensile, hardness, tear, impact, and bending specimens reinforced with different volume fractions (1-5)% of Al2O3, TiO2, and a hybrid of the nanomaterials Al2O3 /TiO2 were arranged via a mixing process with an extruder and then fabricated by a 3D printing machine. The experimental results of maximum bending load, midspan deflection, impact, and tear resistance were validated by finite element methods (FEM) with the assistance of commercial software (Ansys Workbench 2021 R1). Furthermore, the influence of various parameters on the mechanical performance of reinforced samples has been thoroughly investigated, for example, volume fraction index, nanoparticles content, and FG properties. Based on the findings, the most successful results were obtained by adding 1.5 % Al2O3 and 3% TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. The experimental and numerical results were in reasonable agreement. The discrepancy did not exceed 10.25% for maximum bending load and no difference over 5% for maximum impact load, indicating that the strengthened nanoparticle specimens were properly fabricated. Also, a significant improvement in mechanical and viscoelastic properties was achieved by incorporating hybrid nanoparticles. Flexural bending load increased by about 17 % with hybrid nanoparticles, while tear resistance increased by 27.5 % and impact resistance increased by 7.5%.
{"title":"Enhancement of Mechanical Behaviour of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Materials Parts Reinforced by Hybrids Nanoparticles","authors":"Emad Kadum Njim, Fadhel Abbas Hadi, Naeem Abdulmohsin Alhilo","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the mechanical behavior of functionally graded material viscoelastic (FGVE) products employed in automotive, chemical industry, and biomedical appliances. Various experimental models describe and simulate nanobeams with viscoelastic layers subjected to tensile loading, 3-point bending, tear, and impact. All specimens were prepared using the 3D printing method. Tensile, hardness, tear, impact, and bending specimens reinforced with different volume fractions (1-5)% of Al2O3, TiO2, and a hybrid of the nanomaterials Al2O3 /TiO2 were arranged via a mixing process with an extruder and then fabricated by a 3D printing machine. The experimental results of maximum bending load, midspan deflection, impact, and tear resistance were validated by finite element methods (FEM) with the assistance of commercial software (Ansys Workbench 2021 R1). Furthermore, the influence of various parameters on the mechanical performance of reinforced samples has been thoroughly investigated, for example, volume fraction index, nanoparticles content, and FG properties. Based on the findings, the most successful results were obtained by adding 1.5 % Al2O3 and 3% TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. The experimental and numerical results were in reasonable agreement. The discrepancy did not exceed 10.25% for maximum bending load and no difference over 5% for maximum impact load, indicating that the strengthened nanoparticle specimens were properly fabricated. Also, a significant improvement in mechanical and viscoelastic properties was achieved by incorporating hybrid nanoparticles. Flexural bending load increased by about 17 % with hybrid nanoparticles, while tear resistance increased by 27.5 % and impact resistance increased by 7.5%.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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