Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15216
Elaheh Hezardastan, Ali - Fattahi Bafghi, G. Eslami, Mahmoud Vakili
Background: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. Methods: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Iran from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of G. duodenalis. DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of gdh. All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. BLAST analyzed the sequences for assemblage identification. Results: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific gdh primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (P<0.05). Conclusion: Assemblages A and B are the most prevalent in Central Iran. The molecular identification of G. duodenalis isolates from animals and implementing control programs
{"title":"Molecular Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central of Iran","authors":"Elaheh Hezardastan, Ali - Fattahi Bafghi, G. Eslami, Mahmoud Vakili","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. \u0000Methods: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Iran from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of G. duodenalis. DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of gdh. All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. BLAST analyzed the sequences for assemblage identification. \u0000Results: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific gdh primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Assemblages A and B are the most prevalent in Central Iran. The molecular identification of G. duodenalis isolates from animals and implementing control programs","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15206
Gholamreza Habibi, A. Afshari, Amin Shahedi, Mousa Hashemlou, Ali Es-Haghi, Mohamad Hosein Fallah Mehrabadi, Saeid Fathi
Background: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the Theileria cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of these modifications, techniques such as cell counting, cell viability assays, and genomic analysis were employed in the Parasitic Vaccines Production Department of Razi institute of Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of different experimental conditions. Results: The three experimental media were as effective as the commonly used 10% Stoker medium in supporting the growth and viability of cells. Conclusion: The significant reduction in the required amount of serum and the remarkable cell growth achieved by using defined serum replacements for the production of cell culture media is a significant step towards the preparation of a proper cell culture medium for the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine.
{"title":"Development of Low-Serum Culture Media for the in Vitro Cultivation of Theileria annulata S15 Cell Line","authors":"Gholamreza Habibi, A. Afshari, Amin Shahedi, Mousa Hashemlou, Ali Es-Haghi, Mohamad Hosein Fallah Mehrabadi, Saeid Fathi","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the Theileria cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes. \u0000Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of these modifications, techniques such as cell counting, cell viability assays, and genomic analysis were employed in the Parasitic Vaccines Production Department of Razi institute of Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of different experimental conditions. \u0000Results: The three experimental media were as effective as the commonly used 10% Stoker medium in supporting the growth and viability of cells. \u0000Conclusion: The significant reduction in the required amount of serum and the remarkable cell growth achieved by using defined serum replacements for the production of cell culture media is a significant step towards the preparation of a proper cell culture medium for the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15221
Lamine Mahaman Moustapha, M. Doutchi, Issoufou Brah Moutari, Yansambou Mahamadou Seyni, Kadidjatou Kassoum Abdoulaye, Laminou Maman Ibrahim
The Article Abstract is not available.
文章摘要不详。
{"title":"Urinary Schistosomiasis in the Urban Community of Zinder (Niger): The Permanent Pond of In’birgui, an Epidemic Focus","authors":"Lamine Mahaman Moustapha, M. Doutchi, Issoufou Brah Moutari, Yansambou Mahamadou Seyni, Kadidjatou Kassoum Abdoulaye, Laminou Maman Ibrahim","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15221","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Black disease, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic illness caused by various Leishmania species. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early VL diagnosis and fast appropriate treatment are critical issues in endemic areas. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic course of patients admitted with the diagnosis of VL in the Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All cases of VL in patients under the age of 18 hospitalized between the years 2012 to 2022 were enrolled. Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled with an average age of 28.13 months with the majority of females (51.8%). Common clinical signs were fever (96.2%) and splenomegaly (92.59%). However, lymphadenopathy was rare. The largest number of patients was from Tehran Province, followed by Ardabil, Khuzestan, Gilan, and Alborz provinces. The most common hematological abnormalities were anemia (85.1%) and thrombocytopenia (44.4%). In accordance with the treatment strategy, liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate were given to 11 and 5 patients, respectively. Eleven of them received glucantime. The average length of hospitalization for liposomal amphotericin B was 15.36 ± 12.49 days. In comparison with glucantime (18.38 ±10.26 days) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (20.20± 6.18 days), liposomal amphotericin B group hospitalization was shorter than others were. Conclusion: VL should be included in the differential diagnosis of any child who presents with fever, splenomegaly, and anemia. Concerning the treatment strategy in this study, liposomal amphotericin B had more efficiency and shorter hospitalization duration.
背景：黑热病又称内脏利什曼病（VL），是由多种利什曼原虫引起的寄生虫病。延误诊断和治疗会增加发病率和死亡率。早期 VL 诊断和快速适当的治疗是流行地区的关键问题。 研究方法本研究是一项回顾性横断面研究，旨在调查伊朗德黑兰儿童医学中心（CMC）医院确诊为 VL 患者的诊断和治疗过程。研究选取了2012年至2022年期间住院的所有18岁以下VL患者病例。结果：登记的 27 名患者平均年龄为 28.13 个月，女性占大多数（51.8%）。常见临床症状为发热（96.2%）和脾肿大（92.59%）。但淋巴结病很少见。德黑兰省的患者人数最多，其次是阿尔达比勒省、胡齐斯坦省、吉兰省和阿尔伯兹省。最常见的血液异常是贫血（85.1%）和血小板减少（44.4%）。根据治疗策略，11 名和 5 名患者分别接受了脂质体两性霉素 B 和两性霉素 B 脱氧胆酸盐治疗。其中 11 名患者接受了葡甘定治疗。两性霉素 B 脂质体的平均住院时间为 15.36 ± 12.49 天。与葡甘定（18.38±10.26 天）和脱氧胆酸两性霉素 B（20.20±6.18 天）相比，脂质体两性霉素 B 组的住院时间较短。结论任何出现发热、脾脏肿大和贫血的儿童都应将 VL 列入鉴别诊断。关于本研究中的治疗策略，脂质体两性霉素 B 更有效，住院时间更短。
{"title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Findings, Treatment Options and Outcome","authors":"Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Elham Moradian, Maedeh Sarvari, Mahsa Soti Khiabani","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Black disease, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic illness caused by various Leishmania species. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early VL diagnosis and fast appropriate treatment are critical issues in endemic areas. \u0000Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic course of patients admitted with the diagnosis of VL in the Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All cases of VL in patients under the age of 18 hospitalized between the years 2012 to 2022 were enrolled. \u0000Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled with an average age of 28.13 months with the majority of females (51.8%). Common clinical signs were fever (96.2%) and splenomegaly (92.59%). However, lymphadenopathy was rare. The largest number of patients was from Tehran Province, followed by Ardabil, Khuzestan, Gilan, and Alborz provinces. The most common hematological abnormalities were anemia (85.1%) and thrombocytopenia (44.4%). In accordance with the treatment strategy, liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate were given to 11 and 5 patients, respectively. Eleven of them received glucantime. The average length of hospitalization for liposomal amphotericin B was 15.36 ± 12.49 days. In comparison with glucantime (18.38 ±10.26 days) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (20.20± 6.18 days), liposomal amphotericin B group hospitalization was shorter than others were. \u0000Conclusion: VL should be included in the differential diagnosis of any child who presents with fever, splenomegaly, and anemia. Concerning the treatment strategy in this study, liposomal amphotericin B had more efficiency and shorter hospitalization duration.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15188
S. Aydemir, Fethi Barlık, A. Ekici, Dilara Hande Barlık, Sevilay Alkan, Esra Gürbüz, Hasan Yılmaz
Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye. Methods: This study included 184 patients who applied to Ağrı-Diyadin State Hospital, Türkiye in 2022. The immunochromatographic card test was used for detection of the G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Nested PCR-RFLP analysis of the COWP gene and sequence analysis of the gp60 gene were used to genotype and subtype Cryptosporidium spp., whereas Nested PCR and sequence analyses of β-giardin gene were used genotype G. intestinalis. Results: Of the 184 stool specimens examined, 12 (14.29%) and 7 (3.80%) were positive for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively. The Cryptosporidium species were identified as C. parvum belonging to the IId subtype family. The G. intestinalis were identified assemblages A. Conclusion: Assemblage A, which is associated with diarrhea, is responsible for giardiasis and C. parvum IId subtype, often found in sheep, goats and cattle, is responsible for cryptosporidiosis in Ağrı, Türkiye.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Detected in Humans in Ağrı, Türkiye","authors":"S. Aydemir, Fethi Barlık, A. Ekici, Dilara Hande Barlık, Sevilay Alkan, Esra Gürbüz, Hasan Yılmaz","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye. \u0000Methods: This study included 184 patients who applied to Ağrı-Diyadin State Hospital, Türkiye in 2022. The immunochromatographic card test was used for detection of the G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Nested PCR-RFLP analysis of the COWP gene and sequence analysis of the gp60 gene were used to genotype and subtype Cryptosporidium spp., whereas Nested PCR and sequence analyses of β-giardin gene were used genotype G. intestinalis. \u0000Results: Of the 184 stool specimens examined, 12 (14.29%) and 7 (3.80%) were positive for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively. The Cryptosporidium species were identified as C. parvum belonging to the IId subtype family. The G. intestinalis were identified assemblages A. \u0000Conclusion: Assemblage A, which is associated with diarrhea, is responsible for giardiasis and C. parvum IId subtype, often found in sheep, goats and cattle, is responsible for cryptosporidiosis in Ağrı, Türkiye.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15220
Oğuz Kaya, Nevzat Gönder
Hydatid cyst is an infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which is endemic in most countries and most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Isolated muscle involvement is very rare and accounts for 3-5% of all cases. In April 2022, Health Sciences University Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City and Research Hospital in Turkey received a referral for a 37-year-old male patient from the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patient presented with complaints of chronic pain in his left shoulder and back, which worsened with movement. After the radiological and serological confirmation of diagnosis, the patient underwent wide surgical resection, adjuvant and neoadjuvant anthelmintic chemotherapy. Precise and complete removal of the cyst without infecting the surrounding tissues combined with anthelmintic chemotherapy will not only increase the success of the surgery but will also minimize the possibility of recurrence and distant organ spread. In this study, we aimed to raise awareness by presenting the first reported isolated hydatid cyst in the infraspinatus muscle case from our country, which is extremely rare.
包虫囊肿是由颗粒棘球蚴引起的一种侵袭性疾病，在大多数国家都有流行，最常累及肝脏和肺部。孤立的肌肉受累非常罕见，占所有病例的 3-5%。2022 年 4 月，土耳其埃拉泽-费特希-塞金城市与研究医院（Health Sciences University Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City and Research Hospital）物理治疗与康复门诊转来一名 37 岁的男性患者。患者主诉左肩和背部长期疼痛，活动时疼痛加剧。经放射学和血清学确诊后，患者接受了大范围手术切除、辅助和新辅助抗蠕虫化疗。在不感染周围组织的情况下精确、彻底地切除囊肿，并结合抗蠕虫化疗，不仅能提高手术的成功率，还能最大限度地减少复发和远处器官播散的可能性。在本研究中，我们首次报告了我国冈下肌孤立性包虫囊肿病例，旨在提高人们的认识。
{"title":"An Unusual Cause of Insidious Back and Shoulder Pain in a Man: A Case Report","authors":"Oğuz Kaya, Nevzat Gönder","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15220","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid cyst is an infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which is endemic in most countries and most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Isolated muscle involvement is very rare and accounts for 3-5% of all cases. In April 2022, Health Sciences University Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City and Research Hospital in Turkey received a referral for a 37-year-old male patient from the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patient presented with complaints of chronic pain in his left shoulder and back, which worsened with movement. After the radiological and serological confirmation of diagnosis, the patient underwent wide surgical resection, adjuvant and neoadjuvant anthelmintic chemotherapy. Precise and complete removal of the cyst without infecting the surrounding tissues combined with anthelmintic chemotherapy will not only increase the success of the surgery but will also minimize the possibility of recurrence and distant organ spread. In this study, we aimed to raise awareness by presenting the first reported isolated hydatid cyst in the infraspinatus muscle case from our country, which is extremely rare.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15204
S. Khademvatan, Elham Yousefi, Negar Asadi, E. Abasi
Background: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on Toxoplasma gondii RH strain by various techniques. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. Four groups of five BALB/c mice were selected. The cytotoxicity test was conducted by adding miltefosine to T. gondii tachyzoites; control tachyzoites received PBS and MTT assay was done on each suspension. For evaluating the Th1-type immune responses, the serum levels of IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed in mice after injecting tachyzoites and miltefosine, respectively. The flow cytometry technique was performed on T. gondii tachyzoites challenged with IC50 and IC90 doses of miltefosine and unchallenged cells. DNA fragments in T. gondii tachyzoites were detected by Terminal dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results: Overall, 256, 64, 32, and 16 µg concentrations of miltefosine, respectively could kill more than 50% of viable T. gondii tachyzoites. The infected mice group, treated with miltefosine, significantly produced more IFN-γ relative to other groups (P< 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was found in inducible NO synthase between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). The flow cytometry results demonstrated a concentration-dependent apoptosis rate in tachyzoites incubated with miltefosine, though the necrosis rate was non-significant. DNA fragmentation analysis indicated oligonucleotides (18-200 bp) in tachyzoites treated with 11µg of miltefosine for 24, 48 and 72 h. However, this pattern was not observed in untreated control microorganisms. Conclusion: Miltefosine could be a favorable candidate for use as a new treatment for toxoplasmosis.
{"title":"Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Miltefo-sine on the Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain","authors":"S. Khademvatan, Elham Yousefi, Negar Asadi, E. Abasi","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on Toxoplasma gondii RH strain by various techniques. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. Four groups of five BALB/c mice were selected. The cytotoxicity test was conducted by adding miltefosine to T. gondii tachyzoites; control tachyzoites received PBS and MTT assay was done on each suspension. For evaluating the Th1-type immune responses, the serum levels of IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed in mice after injecting tachyzoites and miltefosine, respectively. The flow cytometry technique was performed on T. gondii tachyzoites challenged with IC50 and IC90 doses of miltefosine and unchallenged cells. DNA fragments in T. gondii tachyzoites were detected by Terminal dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. \u0000Results: Overall, 256, 64, 32, and 16 µg concentrations of miltefosine, respectively could kill more than 50% of viable T. gondii tachyzoites. The infected mice group, treated with miltefosine, significantly produced more IFN-γ relative to other groups (P< 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was found in inducible NO synthase between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). The flow cytometry results demonstrated a concentration-dependent apoptosis rate in tachyzoites incubated with miltefosine, though the necrosis rate was non-significant. DNA fragmentation analysis indicated oligonucleotides (18-200 bp) in tachyzoites treated with 11µg of miltefosine for 24, 48 and 72 h. However, this pattern was not observed in untreated control microorganisms. \u0000Conclusion: Miltefosine could be a favorable candidate for use as a new treatment for toxoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15205
S. Khazaei, A. Dalimi, M. Pirestani, F. Ghafarifar
Background: The current in silico study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate. Methods: Several web tools were employed to predict physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane domain, secondary and tertiary structure followed by refinement and validations. In addition, B-cell epitopes were predicted and were screened using various web servers, while MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetCTL servers, respectively. Results: The protein had 219 residues with a molecular weight of 25.55 kDa and alkaline isoelectric pH (7.5). This protein was stable, thermotolerant (aliphatic index: 78.04) and hydrophilic (GRAVY: -0.440). The predicted antigenicity scores were low and the protein was non-allergenic in nature. There were no transmembrane domain and signal peptide in the sequence. Moreover, several B-cell, MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were found in the EgGST protein, which could be further used in multi-epitope vaccines. Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the development of vaccines in vivo using EgGST alone or in combination with other antigens in the future.
背景：本研究旨在确定作为潜在候选疫苗的棘球蚴谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶蛋白的主要生化特征和免疫原表位。研究方法：采用了几种网络工具来预测理化性质、抗原性、过敏性、溶解度、翻译后修饰（PTM）位点、亚细胞定位、信号肽、跨膜域、二级和三级结构，然后进行细化和验证。此外，还利用各种网络服务器预测和筛选了 B 细胞表位，并分别利用 IEDB 和 NetCTL 服务器预测了 MHC 结合表位和 CTL 表位。研究结果该蛋白质有 219 个残基，分子量为 25.55 kDa，等电点 pH 值为 7.5。该蛋白质性质稳定，具有耐热性（脂肪指数：78.04）和亲水性（GRAVY：-0.440）。预测的抗原性得分较低，该蛋白质不具有致敏性。序列中没有跨膜结构域和信号肽。此外，在 EgGST 蛋白中还发现了多个 B 细胞、MHC 结合和 CTL 表位，可进一步用于多表位疫苗。结论今后还需要进一步研究如何单独使用 EgGST 或将其与其他抗原结合使用来开发体内疫苗。
{"title":"Biochemical Properties and Immunogenic Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Glutathione S-Transferase as a Vaccine Target: In-Silico Study","authors":"S. Khazaei, A. Dalimi, M. Pirestani, F. Ghafarifar","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current in silico study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate. \u0000Methods: Several web tools were employed to predict physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane domain, secondary and tertiary structure followed by refinement and validations. In addition, B-cell epitopes were predicted and were screened using various web servers, while MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetCTL servers, respectively. \u0000Results: The protein had 219 residues with a molecular weight of 25.55 kDa and alkaline isoelectric pH (7.5). This protein was stable, thermotolerant (aliphatic index: 78.04) and hydrophilic (GRAVY: -0.440). The predicted antigenicity scores were low and the protein was non-allergenic in nature. There were no transmembrane domain and signal peptide in the sequence. Moreover, several B-cell, MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were found in the EgGST protein, which could be further used in multi-epitope vaccines. \u0000Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the development of vaccines in vivo using EgGST alone or in combination with other antigens in the future.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15189
Masoumeh Moradi, D. Dastan, Mohammad Fallah, Manizhe Kashi Nahanji, M. Matini
Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated. Methods: Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against Trichomonas cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay. Results: α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the Trichomonas cells and the lowest IC50 values were 22.9 µg/ml and 140 µg/ml at 48 hours’ incubation, respectively. The CC50 was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in Trichomonas cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml. Conclusion: Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on Trichomonas cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.
{"title":"Alpha-Pinene and Tannic Acid Inhibit Trichomonas vaginalis Protozoan Cells by Inducing Apoptosis","authors":"Masoumeh Moradi, D. Dastan, Mohammad Fallah, Manizhe Kashi Nahanji, M. Matini","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15189","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated. \u0000Methods: Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against Trichomonas cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay. \u0000Results: α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the Trichomonas cells and the lowest IC50 values were 22.9 µg/ml and 140 µg/ml at 48 hours’ incubation, respectively. The CC50 was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in Trichomonas cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml. \u0000Conclusion: Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on Trichomonas cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15217
Pooria Asadi, Z. Zarei, M. Mohebali, Zahra Alizadeh, F. Najafi, Shahrokh Izadi, Zahra Heidari
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable global public health problem. We aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections among people referring to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, Ardabil Province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 460 fecal samples were collected randomly from persons referred to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, from January to June 2022. The samples were examined by direct wet-mount, Trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation, and agar plate culture. Results: The frequency of intestinal parasites was 15.7% (72 out of 460 cases), with some people with numerous intestinal parasites. The frequency of protozoan infections (13.9%) was higher than the helminthic infections (2.6%). Blastocystis spp. (8.1%) was the most prevalent detected intestinal protozoan. Entamoeba coli (5.7%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (2.2%), Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Fasciola spp. (0.2%), and Hymenolepis nana (0.2%) were other detected parasites. Conclusion: In- spite of betterment of the health condition in Iran and reduction of parasitic infection, intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable public health issue in some parts of Iran.
{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infections in People Referring to the Central Laboratory of Meshkin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran","authors":"Pooria Asadi, Z. Zarei, M. Mohebali, Zahra Alizadeh, F. Najafi, Shahrokh Izadi, Zahra Heidari","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable global public health problem. We aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections among people referring to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, Ardabil Province, Iran. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 460 fecal samples were collected randomly from persons referred to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, from January to June 2022. The samples were examined by direct wet-mount, Trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation, and agar plate culture. \u0000Results: The frequency of intestinal parasites was 15.7% (72 out of 460 cases), with some people with numerous intestinal parasites. The frequency of protozoan infections (13.9%) was higher than the helminthic infections (2.6%). Blastocystis spp. (8.1%) was the most prevalent detected intestinal protozoan. Entamoeba coli (5.7%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (2.2%), Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Fasciola spp. (0.2%), and Hymenolepis nana (0.2%) were other detected parasites. \u0000Conclusion: In- spite of betterment of the health condition in Iran and reduction of parasitic infection, intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable public health issue in some parts of Iran.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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