Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: We aimed to determine whether the prepregnancy cerclage for women with cervical incompetence with absent ecto-cervix affects the time from surgery to conception and subsequent pregnancy outcome.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on patients with at least one previous history of second-trimester abortion and extremely short cervix found by gynecological examination. A total of 40 cases of McDonald's cerclage before pregnancy were performed. The time from surgery to conception and pregnancy outcome were followed up for 4 years. The main outcomes were the time from surgery to conception, and the gestational week of delivery, miscarriage rate, preterm delivery rate.

Results: Between September 2018 and December 2022, 37 women became pregnant following prepregnancy cerclage. In total, 36 babies were born to 37 mothers. The recurrence rate of second-trimester miscarriage was 8.11% (3/37) and the preterm birth rate was 29.73% (11/37). Mean time from surgery to conception was 38w (range 2w-160w).Mean gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks +4 (256 days).The live birth rate was 100%. There were no maternal complications, no intestinal and bladder injuries.

Conclusion: Cervical incompetence patients with absent ecto-cervix may benefit from prepregnancy cerclage without affecting the interpregnancy interval.

Background: Dry mouth, masticatory discomfort, and swallowing in older individuals are important factors affecting overall health. To improve their quality of life, efforts are required to improve their oral function. Therefore, this study implemented a training program evaluating oral function to confirm improvements in swallowing.

Methods: The study was conducted for approximately 4 months, from Jul to Oct 2023. Participants aged 65 yr or older were selected from welfare facilities in the metropolitan region, with 24 participants in both the intervention and control groups.

Results: As a result of a study conducted on oral function training program, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in the simulated swallowing flow rate (P <0.05), bite force (P <0.001), and tongue pressure (P <0.001).

Conclusion: The oral function training program effectively improved simulated swallowing flow rate, bite force, and tongue pressure. Consequently, there is an opportunity to implement oral function training programs at accessible welfare centers for older individuals in the community.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) caused 30%-40% of maternal and newborn deaths worldwide. Despite unclear exact cause, strategies exist to mitigate less severe PE effects. This review explores PE etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, impact, and prevention.

Methods: Searching Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for "preeclampsia and pregnancy" and "prevention" yielded 2012-2022 articles.

Results: Preeclampsia features abnormal placental changes, altered immunity response, trophoblast apoptosis, and reduced uterine perfusion. Risk factors include hypertension history, nulliparity, age over 40, BMI over 35 kg/m², family history, amniotic pregnancy, and long pregnancy interval. This condition risks cardiovascular and neonatal morbidity, straining health resources. Prevention involves aspirin, vitamin D, exercise, folic acid, diet, early screening, and antenatal care.

Conclusion: Findings emphasize enhancing health literacy and preeclampsia education in prenatal care to mitigate PE risk among women. Further research, novel therapies, and assessing prevention strategies with accessible educational materials and multidisciplinary approaches are warranted to enhance pregnant women's health literacy and decrease PE risk.

Background: Infectious outbreaks due to disrupted social and environmental conditions after climate change-induced events complicate disasters. This research aimed to determine the contentions of bioclimatic variables and extreme events on the prevalence of the most common Climate-Sensitive Infectious Disease (CSID); Malaria in Iran.

Methods: The present narrative systematic review study was conducted on the bioclimatic variable impact on the prevalence of malaria, as a common CSID. The search was conducted in 3 sections: global climate change-related studies, disaster related, and studies that were conducted in Iran. The literature search was focused on papers published in English and Persian from Mar 2000 to Dec 2021, using electronic databases; Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc.

Results: Overall, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The various types of climatic variables including; Temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and hydrological events including; flood, drought, and cyclones has been reported as a predictor of malaria. The results of studies, inappropriately and often were inconsistent in both Iran and other parts of the world.

Conclusion: Identifying malaria outbreak risks is essential to assess vulnerability, and a starting point to identify where the health system is required to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of the population. The finding of most related studies is not congruent to achieve reliable information, more extensive studies in all climates and regions of the country, by climatic models and high accuracy risk map, using the long period of bioclimatic variables and malaria trend is recommended.

Background: The educational needs of future health administrators, prioritizing their needs, and developing a relationship between these needs and the needs of the community are very important to provide better responsiveness. We aimed to identify the knowledge and skills required for health care management students as future managers of the health community.

Methods: In this systematic literature review, all studies conducted between 1990 and 2021 were searched in such databases as MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Iran Medex, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID), and the collected data were analyzed via the thematic analysis method.

Results: Findings of this study were divided into two main categories and fourteen subcategories, including knowledge-related factors (awareness of the structure and processes in the field of health and knowledge of management science) and skill-related factors (planning, coordination, organization, leadership, control and evaluation, management of financial resources and budgeting, service management, communication and information management, human resource management, implementation of participatory and team activities, crisis management, entrepreneurship, innovation, marketing, policymaking, and decision-making).

Conclusion: By identifying the knowledge and skills that students need, it is possible to empower them through necessary education. Therefore, by providing responsive education, developing skills, and improving capabilities, we can take an effective step to improve the quality of health system services.

Background: We aimed to verify the exposure to mercury in the air and its effect on cardiovascular disorders.

Methods: The review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and national databases (such as SID) from 1995-2022.

Results: Mercury exposure can cause many disorders in humans, including neurodevelopmental disorders in fetuses and children, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, and diabetes. Mercury is a human neurotoxin, and in recent years its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have raised concerns, mainly due to mercury's role in reducing oxidative stress.

Conclusion: Possible mechanisms of mercury toxicity in CVD include mercury-selenium interaction, increased lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review studies that have investigated the relationship between mercury and CVD.

Background: Burnout is an occupational syndrome, with a higher prevalence in professionals whose close involvement with other people is significant. There is a great diversity of professionals at risk of burnout, and therefore the implementation of intervention programs is relevant, as helping people to maintain their mental and emotional health enables them to become more meaningfully involved in their communities and become more effective and active global citizens. We aimed to review systematically the characteristics of interventions targeting burnout in health professionals.

Methods: The search was conducted in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, following the PRISMA model, and 16 eligible articles were identified between 2012 and 2023.

Results: Mindfulness showed great efficacy in preventing burnout, by reducing stress levels and promoting empathy. In addition, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, and music therapy showed to improve burnout and occupational stress levels. Balint groups have also helped slow the progression of burnout. Implications about the need for future research to foster the promotion of well-being and mental health of health professionals are mentioned.

Conclusion: Mindfulness, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, music therapy and balint groups proved to be effective in preventing burnout.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions regarding osteoporosis (OP) and risk factors in China.

Methods: The databases of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, VIP, and CNKI were searched for papers published before December 2022 using Chinese and English keywords and their combinations: "knowledge", "osteoporosis", "risk factor", "bone health", "perception", "awareness". The levels of knowledge, awareness, and perception about OP, as well as risk factors, clinical symptoms, and health information sources were narratively synthesized.

Results: Sixteen papers were finally included for analysis. Participants all showed poor levels of knowledge and perception regarding osteoporosis and risk factors. Investigation of clinical symptoms was rarely involved in the included studies due to the asymptomatic features of OP. The findings also suggest a strong association between poor level of knowledge regarding OP and educational attainment, type of participant, and gender. The majority of participants are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media to access information about OP.

Conclusion: The findings of this paper provide useful information for intervention providers to prevent and control OP and encourage them to carry out health promotion campaigns to enhance knowledge and awareness of OP.