Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of health belief model-based nudge messaging on engagement in stretching that was either threat-based or benefit-based.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design allocated the participants (N=69) into three groups: the threat nudge group, which received messages emphasizing perceived susceptibility and severity; the benefit nudge group, which received messages on the advantages of stretching; and the control group, which received no messages. The study was conducted in South Korea from October to November 2024. Participants' engagement in stretching was measured over a six-week period using the health application, which provided the stretching exercise sessions and tracked and recorded their duration.

Results: The threat nudge group exhibited the largest increase in stretching behavior, significantly outperforming both the benefit nudge group and the control group. The benefit nudge group showed an improvement but it tended to be a generally smaller and less dramatic effect than the threat nudge group. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in stretching time across groups (F _2,67 = 26.43, P=.000; η_p ² =0.44), with post-hoc tests indicating that the threat nudge group significantly outperformed both the benefit nudge and the control group in stretching duration.

Conclusion: One implication of these findings was that, as suggested by the health belief model, perceived threat can be a strong motivator for behavior change in the short term while perceived benefits alone may not be sufficient to drive immediate action. Practically, threat-based messaging can be particularly useful in the short term for physical activity instructors and app developers to motivate clients.

Background: The Father Role Perception Scale (FRPS) is a widely used tool to assess fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles. Understanding the consistency of its measurement across different studies is crucial for reliable interpretation of research findings.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 317 studies on fathering roles. Applying inclusion criteria, 32 studies with 9,987 participants were selected for meta-analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients, an indicator of internal consistency reliability, were extracted from each study and analyzed to determine the overall reliability of the FRPS.

Results: The meta-analysis revealed an average Cronbach's alpha value of 0.80 for the FRPS, indicating generally acceptable reliability. However, variability in reliability was observed across studies, potentially attributable to sample characteristics, data collection methods, or cultural differences.

Conclusion: While the FRPS demonstrates acceptable reliability for assessing fathers' perceptions of their parenting roles, researchers should conduct reliability analyses within their specific study groups and consider potential influencing factors when interpreting results. This meta-analysis contributes valuable information for researchers and practitioners in family and child health, aiding in the understanding of fatherhood experiences and the development of supportive programs.

Background: Musculoskeletal problems among drivers sourced from severe traffic congestion have become a substantial public health issue. Prominent driving risk exposures were deemed to inflict symptoms such as discomfort and ache among drivers that subsequently contribute to fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between frequency and period of getting stuck during driving through stop-go motion towards the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, several combined effects of parameters were investigated towards the experience of knee pain among drivers.

Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey method. The survey conducted in 2021 was randomly sampled among 18-year-old and above Malaysian drivers with valid driving license and the survey conducted through social media via an online Google form. To analyse the association and outcomes of the survey, Chi-Square and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used respectively.

Results: Overall, 320 drivers were recruited in this study. Data of 180 drivers who frequently stuck during peak hours in congestion was analysed with chi-square test that showed no significant relationship for both the driving exposure variables with the prevalence of knee pain during stop-go motion. Nevertheless, 92 (51.11%) drivers reported commonly experiencing knee pain symptoms from prolonged repetitive driving motion. The total sample of this study tested using regression analysis for combined effects of the parameters showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation of the drivers' experience of knee pain while driving in heavy traffic.

Conclusion: Generally, there are combined variables that contributed towards the occurrence of knee pain during stop-go driving in this study.

Background: Accurately identifying the relationship between infection and the readmission of stroke patients leads to emphasis more the corresponding strategies. We aimed to determine the relationship between infection and readmission in stroke patients.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "stroke," "readmission," "recurrence," "re-hospitalization," and "infection" up to 2024. The rate of readmissions due to infection, along with the Odds Ratio (OR) for infection, was calculated using a random effects model via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2 software.

Results: Based on the reviewed studies, the 30-day readmission rate of stroke patients due to infection ranged from 6.5% to 30.0% and the one-year readmission rate ranged from 5.1% to 24.5%. Also, infection is an important risk factor in the readmission of stroke patients based on cohort studies (RR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16-1.65, P<0.001), case-control (OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16-2.42, P= 0.006) and descriptive-analytical (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59, P= 0.008).

Conclusion: The readmission rate of stroke due to infection is high and tackling infection-related readmissions in stroke patients necessitates a holistic strategy that combines clinical care, technological advancements, and education. More studies are needed in this field.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases, memory impairments and multiple cognitive and behavioral deficits characterize that. We aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD. It introduces the regenerative medicine approach as a novel therapeutic strategy based on the pathogenesis of AD that would be efficient. Our data was collected using databases such as the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We summarized the available therapeutic strategies to induce neurodegeneration that can increase the number of neurons and their survival and improve the plasticity of synapses and synaptic activity. There is a different approach to treatment. In first-line treatment, focusing declines the amyloid beta and hypophosphorylated tau protein accumulation. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, but in regenerative medicine focusing on treatment via gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. As a proposed solution for AD in recent years, the use of inhibitors of the pathogenesis of AD is known as a supportive therapeutic approach, but the multi-potential treatment of regenerative medicine has been able to provide promising results in treating neurodegenerative patients.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy in the middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes through a meta-analysis.

Methods: Literature was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI databases for studies on the combined use of hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy in the middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes, with a search time limit up to February 2023.

Results: This article includes 8 RCTs. The risk of bias assessment shows that one article had a low risk of bias, one article have an unclear risk of bias, and 6 articles have a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis results show that the combination of hypoglycemic agents and insulin has better blood glucose control (P=0.0001); fasting blood glucose reduction is more significant (P<0.00001); the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose reduction is more noticeable (P=0.002); HbA1c reduction is more pronounced (P=0.005); however, there is no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P=0.09).

Conclusion: The combination of hypoglycemic agents and insulin in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients can reduce the fasting blood glucose, the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c, and reduce adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, the conclusion still requires further verification from more high-quality RCTs.

Background: We conducted an importance-performance analysis (IPA) to examine how sports instructors with disabilities perceive the effectiveness and relevance to improve safety education for sports participants with disabilities.

Methods: This study was conducted from April to July 2024 in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. We surveyed 395 sport instructors with disabilities and analyzed the perceived importance and performance of safety education across seven domains: life safety, traffic safety, violence and personal safety, drug and cyber addiction, disaster safety, occupational safety, and first aid. The survey included 52 sub-items, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, and IPA.

Results: A significant difference in importance and performance was observed across all 7 safety education areas and 52 sub-items, with their importance exceeding their performance (P<0.05). The IPA matrix showed that the traffic and disaster safety domains required urgent improvement, while the life and occupational safety domains required long-term improvement.

Conclusion: Considering that accidents are difficult to predict and can occur in various forms, is it necessary to cultivate long-term improvement among sports participants with disabilities by incorporating safety education into their daily lives.

Background: Drug use disorders (DUDs) pose a serious public health threat, exacerbating the worldwide disease burden and resulting in a dramatic rise in fatalities. We aimed to explore the global and cross-country disparities in the fatal and non-fatal burden attributable to DUDs and subtypes by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data were analyzed to estimate the fatal [i.e. mortality and years of life lost (YLL)], non-fatal [i.e. disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLD)] burden, trend attributable to DUDs, subtypes by sex and age groups using the joinpoint regression model across India, China, as well as world between 1990 and 2021.

Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized fatal and non-fatal rates attributable to DUDs significantly increased in India and the world, whereas substantially declined in China. China experienced a 2-fold higher age-standardized DALYs and YLDs rate in 2021, and India observed the fastest (2-fold) upward trend in the age-standardized mortality and YLLs rate attributable to amphetamine use disorders than the world. The trend in YLD rate attributable to DUDs significantly increased in the young age group <20 years in India. The world experienced a significant increasing trend in the fatal rate attributable to DUDs in the middle age group 20-54 years. Overall, females observed remarkable improvement in the fatal and non-fatal burden attributable to DUDs across India, China and the world.

Conclusion: India and the global population experienced rising age-standardized fatal and non-fatal rates due to DUDs-while China demonstrated progress. The trend varied by DUD subtypes, age group, and gender, with amphetamine use disorders disproportionately affecting India and China and females showing improved outcomes across all regions.

Background: We aimed to review systematically the role of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting the health behaviors of patients at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBM-based educational program on the knowledge and intention of individuals for preventive actions.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1980 up to June 2023 using CRC and HBM as the search words with all their similar terms. All available data were then extracted and described qualitatively.

Results: Overall, 37 articles with 24286 study populations were collected for data extraction. Findings showed that perceived benefit was the most important component of HBM and community-based education can play an important role in improving the awareness and intention of individuals for preventive actions such as screening behaviors. In addition, culture is an important factor in health belief of individuals, so culture-based modified HBM may help to enhance the efficiency of HBM in predicting the knowledge and intention rate among the population.

Conclusion: Preventive actions can minimize the risk of developing cancer, and consequent quality of life. HBM provides a valuable framework for understanding health behaviors by considering the perceptions of individuals about the disease.