{"title":"Species Composition and Seasonal Abundance of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Open-field Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) and Surrounding Weeds in Shizuoka Prefecture, Central Japan","authors":"Kentaro Matsuda, Minoru Ichihara","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76805601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, damage to Welsh onion, carrot, and Chinese chive by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang, 1985 was reported from Saitama and Gunma Prefectures, Japan. Molecular identification methods are required to differentiate this species from other domestic sciarid flies. First, a PCR method using species-specific primers was developed to discriminate this species from three other sciarid species, Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912), Pnyxia scabiei (Hopkins, 1895), and Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839). Second, the applicability of a nondestructive DNA extraction method for this species was determined for cases where further morphological identification was required. It could be used for the morphological identification of specimens in addition to PCR using species-specific primers and DNA barcoding. Third, the lower limit of the proportion of this species in bulk samples of sciarid flies was determined. In larvae and male adults, one individual of this species could be detected in bulk samples (up to 800 individuals) of other species by PCR using species-specific primers. Further, it was revealed that specimens on the monitoring traps in the field should be collected within 8 days, regardless of the season. By combining these methods, an efficient identification method for monitoring this species was established using PCR with species-specific primers.
{"title":"Development of Molecular Identification Methods for a Sciarid Fly, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)","authors":"M. Arimoto","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.19","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, damage to Welsh onion, carrot, and Chinese chive by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang, 1985 was reported from Saitama and Gunma Prefectures, Japan. Molecular identification methods are required to differentiate this species from other domestic sciarid flies. First, a PCR method using species-specific primers was developed to discriminate this species from three other sciarid species, Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912), Pnyxia scabiei (Hopkins, 1895), and Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839). Second, the applicability of a nondestructive DNA extraction method for this species was determined for cases where further morphological identification was required. It could be used for the morphological identification of specimens in addition to PCR using species-specific primers and DNA barcoding. Third, the lower limit of the proportion of this species in bulk samples of sciarid flies was determined. In larvae and male adults, one individual of this species could be detected in bulk samples (up to 800 individuals) of other species by PCR using species-specific primers. Further, it was revealed that specimens on the monitoring traps in the field should be collected within 8 days, regardless of the season. By combining these methods, an efficient identification method for monitoring this species was established using PCR with species-specific primers.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90649586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaeko Suzuki, R. Nakashita, R. Huque, M. Khatun, Z. Othman, N. A. Salim, Saw Thantar, P. C. Pabroa, Pui Yieng Kadeleine Kong, V. Waduge, W. Srinuttrakul, Arisa Hosonuma, K. Chiku, Mitsuru Yoshida
W e evaluated the effects of processing (i.e., polishing, washing, boiling, and rice cake preparation) on the stable carbon (δ 13 C), nitrogen (δ 15 N), and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotopic compositions of rice ( Oryza sativa ) to assess its geographical origin. There were no significant differences in their δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values before and after boiling and rice cake preparation, indicating that the database of the δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values of rice samples could be adapted and used to trace the geographical origin of rice used for cooking and rice cake preparation. Conversely, the δ 13 C and δ 18 O values were significantly altered after polishing. After the brown rice samples were polished at a polishing rate of 90%-92%, we determined the δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values of the polished rice samples from nine countries—Australia, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The rice samples from Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, and Sri Lanka had significantly lower δ 13 C values than those from the other five countries. The Chinese, Japanese, and Philippine rice samples had lower δ 18 O values than those from the other countries. The δ 13 C and δ 18 O values could be potential tools for tracing the geographical origin of Asian rice.
{"title":"Effects of Processing on Stable Isotope Compositions (δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O) of Rice (Oryza sativa) and Stable Isotope Analysis of Asian Rice Samples for Tracing Their Geographical Origins","authors":"Yaeko Suzuki, R. Nakashita, R. Huque, M. Khatun, Z. Othman, N. A. Salim, Saw Thantar, P. C. Pabroa, Pui Yieng Kadeleine Kong, V. Waduge, W. Srinuttrakul, Arisa Hosonuma, K. Chiku, Mitsuru Yoshida","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.95","url":null,"abstract":"W e evaluated the effects of processing (i.e., polishing, washing, boiling, and rice cake preparation) on the stable carbon (δ 13 C), nitrogen (δ 15 N), and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotopic compositions of rice ( Oryza sativa ) to assess its geographical origin. There were no significant differences in their δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values before and after boiling and rice cake preparation, indicating that the database of the δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values of rice samples could be adapted and used to trace the geographical origin of rice used for cooking and rice cake preparation. Conversely, the δ 13 C and δ 18 O values were significantly altered after polishing. After the brown rice samples were polished at a polishing rate of 90%-92%, we determined the δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O values of the polished rice samples from nine countries—Australia, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The rice samples from Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, and Sri Lanka had significantly lower δ 13 C values than those from the other five countries. The Chinese, Japanese, and Philippine rice samples had lower δ 18 O values than those from the other countries. The δ 13 C and δ 18 O values could be potential tools for tracing the geographical origin of Asian rice.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Certain Paddy Soil Properties under Perforated Sheet Pipe as Subsurface Shallow Drainage","authors":"Yinn Mar Soe, Y. Shinogi, T. Taniguchi","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85673222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoko Yasuda, Y. Fukumoto, K. Kuroda, D. Hanajima, M. Waki, Kazuyoshi Suzuki
Treating NH 3 -loaded gases is necessary for improved livestock management. Nitrification, the sequential oxidation of NH 3 to NO 3 − via NO 2 − , is an important microbial process for effective long-term NH 3 removal. Denitrification, a microbial respiration process that reduces NO 3 − and NO 2 − to N 2 under anaerobic conditions, can also contribute to nitrogen conversion in biofiltration systems. Understanding these microbial processes is imperative to control NH 3 removal better and achieve nitrogen balance in biofiltration. In this review, we discuss the functions and compositions of the microbial community responsible for nitrification and denitrification in a biofiltration system, along with the relationship between these processes and the nitrogen mass balance. Our results indicate that both nitrification and denitrification could be achieved by a consortium of microbes well adapted to the ecosystem in a full-scale biofilter. Moreover, the microbial community was controlled by substrate availability. Nitrogen removal potential was up to 39% in a laboratory-scale biofilter with intermittent water recirculation, and the unknown nitrogen loss was considered mainly denitrified. Under gradual accumulation of nitrogenous compounds, the gamma proteobacterial group contributes to NH 3 oxidization. These findings will improve our understanding of microbial fluctuations and the complex behavior of nitrifiers and denitrifiers within an NH 3 -loaded biofiltration system.
{"title":"Nitrogen Fate and Adaptation of the Microbial Community Responsible for Ammonia Removal in a Biofilter Treating Waste Gas from Livestock Manure Composting","authors":"Tomoko Yasuda, Y. Fukumoto, K. Kuroda, D. Hanajima, M. Waki, Kazuyoshi Suzuki","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.25","url":null,"abstract":"Treating NH 3 -loaded gases is necessary for improved livestock management. Nitrification, the sequential oxidation of NH 3 to NO 3 − via NO 2 − , is an important microbial process for effective long-term NH 3 removal. Denitrification, a microbial respiration process that reduces NO 3 − and NO 2 − to N 2 under anaerobic conditions, can also contribute to nitrogen conversion in biofiltration systems. Understanding these microbial processes is imperative to control NH 3 removal better and achieve nitrogen balance in biofiltration. In this review, we discuss the functions and compositions of the microbial community responsible for nitrification and denitrification in a biofiltration system, along with the relationship between these processes and the nitrogen mass balance. Our results indicate that both nitrification and denitrification could be achieved by a consortium of microbes well adapted to the ecosystem in a full-scale biofilter. Moreover, the microbial community was controlled by substrate availability. Nitrogen removal potential was up to 39% in a laboratory-scale biofilter with intermittent water recirculation, and the unknown nitrogen loss was considered mainly denitrified. Under gradual accumulation of nitrogenous compounds, the gamma proteobacterial group contributes to NH 3 oxidization. These findings will improve our understanding of microbial fluctuations and the complex behavior of nitrifiers and denitrifiers within an NH 3 -loaded biofiltration system.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86248506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a major cool-season perennial grass widely grown for forage, turf, and roadside cover. Tall fescue is an allohexaploid outcrossing species with self-incompatibility; these reproductive characteristics and genetic complexity often make it difficult to improve its agronomic traits by conventional breeding. Genetic transformation allows the direct introduction of foreign genes into target plants to create desired phenotypes and novel variants. Functional analyses of transgenes have been performed to improve important forage and turf traits, namely, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, forage quality, and herbicide resistance. In this review, the development and future application of transgenic tall fescue have been summarized and discussed.
{"title":"Development and Future Application of Transgenic Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with Improved Important Forage and Turf Traits","authors":"H. Sato","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a major cool-season perennial grass widely grown for forage, turf, and roadside cover. Tall fescue is an allohexaploid outcrossing species with self-incompatibility; these reproductive characteristics and genetic complexity often make it difficult to improve its agronomic traits by conventional breeding. Genetic transformation allows the direct introduction of foreign genes into target plants to create desired phenotypes and novel variants. Functional analyses of transgenes have been performed to improve important forage and turf traits, namely, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, forage quality, and herbicide resistance. In this review, the development and future application of transgenic tall fescue have been summarized and discussed.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82458078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Transmitted Solar Radiation Using Photoselective Covering Materials Improves Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Yield during Summer","authors":"Y. Yoneda, Y. Kawasaki, H. Kawashima","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88737004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathological Changes and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in Chickens Infected with IBD Viruses of Different Pathogenicities","authors":"N. Tanimura","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74647487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Sustainable Technologies to Increase Agricultural Productivity and Improve Food Security in Africa","authors":"K. Nakashima, S. Yanagihara, S. Muranaka, T. Oya","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78803585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past four decades, IFPRI Japanese Researchers (IFPRI-JR) significantly contributed to the knowledge advancement for various agrifood system issues in ways that are central to IFRRI’s mandates and complementary to the whole CGIAR system. This paper summarizes IFPRI-JR’s key knowledge work, its evolution over time, and its collective contributions. In earlier years especially up to the 2000s, various policy and market analysis tools were applied to agricultural policy reforms and price policies in Japan and elsewhere. More recently, to respond to the food crisis in 2007-08, IFPRI-JR’s research contributed to building empirical evidence on agrifood system policy issues in developing countries, including identification of key market failures and the appropriate role of the public sector in public goods provision in the presence of externalities and economies of scale. Over time the analytical scope expanded to institutional issues on resource management and markets, human capital formation, gender issues, agrifood system transformation, food and nutrition security. Finally, promising Japanese technologies and know-how were (i) identified for sustainable agrifood system development, and (ii) transferred to developing countries in the field of global nutrition security and their effectiveness shown. Collectively, IFPRI-JR have a long track record of addressing emerging as well as long-term structural issues, in both Japan and the world at large. Discipline: Social Science Additional key words: agrifood systems, policies, institutions, human capital, Japanese technologies and knowhow
{"title":"Agricultural, Economic, and Human Development: Joint Research Contributions of Japan and International Food Policy Research Institute","authors":"Hiroyuki Takeshima, Futoshi Yamauchi, Masahito Enomoto","doi":"10.6090/jarq.55.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.55.521","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past four decades, IFPRI Japanese Researchers (IFPRI-JR) significantly contributed to the knowledge advancement for various agrifood system issues in ways that are central to IFRRI’s mandates and complementary to the whole CGIAR system. This paper summarizes IFPRI-JR’s key knowledge work, its evolution over time, and its collective contributions. In earlier years especially up to the 2000s, various policy and market analysis tools were applied to agricultural policy reforms and price policies in Japan and elsewhere. More recently, to respond to the food crisis in 2007-08, IFPRI-JR’s research contributed to building empirical evidence on agrifood system policy issues in developing countries, including identification of key market failures and the appropriate role of the public sector in public goods provision in the presence of externalities and economies of scale. Over time the analytical scope expanded to institutional issues on resource management and markets, human capital formation, gender issues, agrifood system transformation, food and nutrition security. Finally, promising Japanese technologies and know-how were (i) identified for sustainable agrifood system development, and (ii) transferred to developing countries in the field of global nutrition security and their effectiveness shown. Collectively, IFPRI-JR have a long track record of addressing emerging as well as long-term structural issues, in both Japan and the world at large. Discipline: Social Science Additional key words: agrifood systems, policies, institutions, human capital, Japanese technologies and knowhow","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77636524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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