Opeyemi Tunde Osundare, Ayodele Anthony Fajinmi, Ademola Ridwan Adelu
Tomato is the leading fruit vegetable in the world with over 177.04 metric tons of world production on a yearly basis but the production is generally more hindered by diseases than pests, as it is grown all through the world. This study evaluated the effects of natural virus infection on eight tomato genotypes, carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University Oye-Ekiti. The eight tomato genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data collected were averaged and analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 9.4) and significant means separated by the Tukey test. The results showed that a percentage increase in disease incidence among the genotypes was directly associated with decreasing yield but was not significant. Therefore, the viral disease incidence is associated with a reduction in the fruit yield of tomatoes but some tomato genotypes like; F1 COBRA26 and “TIWANTIWA” with high seedling vigor had significant fruit yield under natural virus infection on the field.
{"title":"Effects of Natural Virus Infection on Field-Grown Eight Tomato Genotypes (Lycopersicon esculentum)","authors":"Opeyemi Tunde Osundare, Ayodele Anthony Fajinmi, Ademola Ridwan Adelu","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is the leading fruit vegetable in the world with over 177.04 metric tons of world production on a yearly basis but the production is generally more hindered by diseases than pests, as it is grown all through the world. This study evaluated the effects of natural virus infection on eight tomato genotypes, carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University Oye-Ekiti. The eight tomato genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data collected were averaged and analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 9.4) and significant means separated by the Tukey test. The results showed that a percentage increase in disease incidence among the genotypes was directly associated with decreasing yield but was not significant. Therefore, the viral disease incidence is associated with a reduction in the fruit yield of tomatoes but some tomato genotypes like; F1 COBRA26 and “TIWANTIWA” with high seedling vigor had significant fruit yield under natural virus infection on the field.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of nitrite with lactate and/or sorbate on the physical, chemical antioxidant, and sensory properties of beef mortadella during storage. Five treatments (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4, and Tr5) of beef mortadella were prepared and stored at 4°C. Tr1 and Tr2 with 120ppm and 60ppm of nitrite (NaNO2) respectively, were controls. Tr3 was prepared with the addition of Na-nitrite and Na-lactate, Tr4 with Na-nitrite and K-sorbate, and Tr5 with a combination of all of them. Samples were tested for chemical composition, pH, hunter color, thiobarbituric acid values (TBA), residual nitrite concentration, and sensory characteristics during storage. Additionally, the residual nitrite content of 12 different meat products was estimated. Nitrite had a slight effect on the chemical composition. At the end of storage, TBA values did not exceed 2mg/Kg malondialdehyde in all treatments. However, Tr2 and Tr5 had lower TBA values. The highest pH value recorded was for Tr5 (6.33). A sharp decrease in nitrite level was found in all treatments. During storage, Tr3, Tr4, and Tr5 were more stable in terms of color than the control samples. Treatments with 60ppm nitrite only, or combined with an organic acid, were well-accepted from a sensorial aspect. Flavor and aroma scores were statistically similar with ratings between 5.89-6.47/9. Nitrite reduction in meat products is considered a markedly healthier practice.
{"title":"The Effect of a Combination of Nitrite with Lactate, and Sorbate on Physical, Chemical, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of Beef Mortadella during Storage","authors":"Sarra Farhi, Basem Al-Abdullah Al-Sawalha","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.148","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of nitrite with lactate and/or sorbate on the physical, chemical antioxidant, and sensory properties of beef mortadella during storage. Five treatments (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4, and Tr5) of beef mortadella were prepared and stored at 4°C. Tr1 and Tr2 with 120ppm and 60ppm of nitrite (NaNO2) respectively, were controls. Tr3 was prepared with the addition of Na-nitrite and Na-lactate, Tr4 with Na-nitrite and K-sorbate, and Tr5 with a combination of all of them. Samples were tested for chemical composition, pH, hunter color, thiobarbituric acid values (TBA), residual nitrite concentration, and sensory characteristics during storage. Additionally, the residual nitrite content of 12 different meat products was estimated. Nitrite had a slight effect on the chemical composition. At the end of storage, TBA values did not exceed 2mg/Kg malondialdehyde in all treatments. However, Tr2 and Tr5 had lower TBA values. The highest pH value recorded was for Tr5 (6.33). A sharp decrease in nitrite level was found in all treatments. During storage, Tr3, Tr4, and Tr5 were more stable in terms of color than the control samples. Treatments with 60ppm nitrite only, or combined with an organic acid, were well-accepted from a sensorial aspect. Flavor and aroma scores were statistically similar with ratings between 5.89-6.47/9. Nitrite reduction in meat products is considered a markedly healthier practice.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L) is an important spice and medicinal plant cultivated in Ethiopia. However, the seed yield of the crop is low due to low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron (NPSB) fertilizers on seed yield and yield components of black cumin. The experiment consists of three levels of N/P2O5 (20/15, 40/30, and 60/45 kg N/P2O5 ha–1 in the form of UREA and tri-super phosphate); and four levels of blended NPSB (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha–1) laid in RCBD design arranged in a factorial and replicated three time. The research was conducted during the 2017/18 primary season in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The interaction of NP and blended NPSB significantly influenced yield and yield components (P ≤0.01). The application of 40/30 kg N/P2O5 and 150 kg blended NPSB ha–1 resulted in the highest seed yield (1.85 t ha–1) and the highest net benefit of (78,137 ETB ha–1). Therefore, the application of 40/30 kg N/P2O5 and 150 kg NPSB ha–1 resulted in more than double the current national average yield and benefits black cumin-producing farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia.
黑孜然(Nigella sativa L)是埃塞俄比亚重要的香料和药用植物。然而，由于土壤肥力低和土壤肥力管理不善，该作物的种子产量很低。通过田间试验，研究了氮磷肥(NP)和氮、磷、硫、硼混合肥(NPSB)对黑孜然种子产量和产量组成的影响。试验采用3个N/P2O5水平(20/15、40/30和60/45 kg N/P2O5 hm - 1，以尿素和三超磷酸盐的形式存在);4个水平的混合NPSB(0、50、100和150 kg ha-1)在RCBD设计中按因子排列，重复3次。该研究是在2017/18年初级季节在埃塞俄比亚中部高地进行的。NP与混合NPSB的交互作用显著影响了产量和产量成分(P≤0.01)。施用40/30 kg N/P2O5和150 kg混合NPSB ha-1，籽粒产量最高(1.85 t ha-1)，净效益最高(78,137 ETB ha-1)。因此，施用40/30公斤N/P2O5和150公斤NPSB ha-1的结果是目前全国平均产量的两倍多，并使埃塞俄比亚中部高地的黑孜然种植农民受益。
{"title":"Effect of NP and Blended NPSB Mineral Fertilizer on Black Cumin Yield in Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Eticha Shiberu, Nigussie Dachassa, Temesgen Desalegn, Tesfaye Balemi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.191","url":null,"abstract":"Black cumin (Nigella sativa L) is an important spice and medicinal plant cultivated in Ethiopia. However, the seed yield of the crop is low due to low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron (NPSB) fertilizers on seed yield and yield components of black cumin. The experiment consists of three levels of N/P2O5 (20/15, 40/30, and 60/45 kg N/P2O5 ha–1 in the form of UREA and tri-super phosphate); and four levels of blended NPSB (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha–1) laid in RCBD design arranged in a factorial and replicated three time. The research was conducted during the 2017/18 primary season in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The interaction of NP and blended NPSB significantly influenced yield and yield components (P ≤0.01). The application of 40/30 kg N/P2O5 and 150 kg blended NPSB ha–1 resulted in the highest seed yield (1.85 t ha–1) and the highest net benefit of (78,137 ETB ha–1). Therefore, the application of 40/30 kg N/P2O5 and 150 kg NPSB ha–1 resulted in more than double the current national average yield and benefits black cumin-producing farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
استهدف البحث التقدير القياسي لدوال تكاليف أصناف اللوز البعل، وذلك من خلال دراسة هيكل تكاليف إنتاج أصناف اللوز في محافظة حمص للموسم الزراعي (2019)، واعتمد في تحقيق أهدافه على التحليل الإحصائي والقياسي للبيانات الأولية التي تم جمعها عن طريق المقابلة الشخصية لـعينة من (380) مُزارع في منطقة الريف الشرقي للمحافظة. أوضحت النتائج أن أصناف اللوز المزروعة للاستهلاك الأخضر(عوجا- ضفادعي) كان للصنف عوجا أعلى إنتاجية مقارنة مع الصنف الضفادعي، أما الأصناف الجافة فقد حقق الصنف الفرنسي أعلى إنتاجية مقارنة مع باقي الأصناف المزروعة، حيث بلغت إنتاجيته (164.7) كغ / دونم، أما أقل إنتاجية فكانت للصنف البلدي حيث بلغت (104.48) كغ/دونم كما بينت التحليل الوصفي لهيكل تكاليف الإنتاج أن أعلى قيمة لإجمالي التكاليف كانت للصنف الفرنسي وأدناه للصنف البلدي، أما من ناحية الربح المحقق فقد احتل الصنف الفرنسي المرتبة الأولى حيث وجد أن استخدام ليرة سورية واحدة من الأصول المتغيرة للصنف الفرنسي أدت إلى ربح وقدره(3.38) ل.س. أوضحت نتائج تقدير دالة التكاليف الكلية أن النموذج التكعيبي هو الأكثر ملائمة، ومن خلال تقديرها في الأجل القصير تبين ابتعاد حجوم الإنتاج الفعلية لكافة الأصناف عن مثيلاتها المعظمة للربح والمحققة للكفاءة الاقتصادية، وهذا يدل على انخفاض كفاءة استخدام العناصر الانتاجية الأمر الذي يتطلب ضرورة إعادة توجيه الموارد المستخدمة في الإنتاج بما يسمح بزيادة كفاءتها، وبلغ حجم الإنتاج الأمثل في الأجل الطويل (23.71) طن بواقع (85.8) دونم. ويتطلب مستوى الانتاج هذا مساحة مثالية تبلغ (42) دونم، وتم حساب الحد الأدنى للسعر الذي يبيع به مزارعي اللوز (249100.17) ل.س /طن، وتم اشتقاق دالة العرض في المدى الطويل، وتبين أن هناك علاقة موجبة بين الكمية المعروضة من اللوز والسعر، عندما يكون السعر أكبر من (249100.17) ل.س/ طن، وتبين من خلال قياس الكفاءة الفنية أن حوالي ((28% من الموارد الاقتصادية لم تستغل بشكل أمثل.
{"title":"التقدير القياسي لدوال تكاليف إنتاج أصناف اللوز البعل في محافظة حمص","authors":"Rana Almnsour, Khitam Idris, Jamal Al-Ali","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.167","url":null,"abstract":"استهدف البحث التقدير القياسي لدوال تكاليف أصناف اللوز البعل، وذلك من خلال دراسة هيكل تكاليف إنتاج أصناف اللوز في محافظة حمص للموسم الزراعي (2019)، واعتمد في تحقيق أهدافه على التحليل الإحصائي والقياسي للبيانات الأولية التي تم جمعها عن طريق المقابلة الشخصية لـعينة من (380) مُزارع في منطقة الريف الشرقي للمحافظة. أوضحت النتائج أن أصناف اللوز المزروعة للاستهلاك الأخضر(عوجا- ضفادعي) كان للصنف عوجا أعلى إنتاجية مقارنة مع الصنف الضفادعي، أما الأصناف الجافة فقد حقق الصنف الفرنسي أعلى إنتاجية مقارنة مع باقي الأصناف المزروعة، حيث بلغت إنتاجيته (164.7) كغ / دونم، أما أقل إنتاجية فكانت للصنف البلدي حيث بلغت (104.48) كغ/دونم كما بينت التحليل الوصفي لهيكل تكاليف الإنتاج أن أعلى قيمة لإجمالي التكاليف كانت للصنف الفرنسي وأدناه للصنف البلدي، أما من ناحية الربح المحقق فقد احتل الصنف الفرنسي المرتبة الأولى حيث وجد أن استخدام ليرة سورية واحدة من الأصول المتغيرة للصنف الفرنسي أدت إلى ربح وقدره(3.38) ل.س. أوضحت نتائج تقدير دالة التكاليف الكلية أن النموذج التكعيبي هو الأكثر ملائمة، ومن خلال تقديرها في الأجل القصير تبين ابتعاد حجوم الإنتاج الفعلية لكافة الأصناف عن مثيلاتها المعظمة للربح والمحققة للكفاءة الاقتصادية، وهذا يدل على انخفاض كفاءة استخدام العناصر الانتاجية الأمر الذي يتطلب ضرورة إعادة توجيه الموارد المستخدمة في الإنتاج بما يسمح بزيادة كفاءتها، وبلغ حجم الإنتاج الأمثل في الأجل الطويل (23.71) طن بواقع (85.8) دونم. ويتطلب مستوى الانتاج هذا مساحة مثالية تبلغ (42) دونم، وتم حساب الحد الأدنى للسعر الذي يبيع به مزارعي اللوز (249100.17) ل.س /طن، وتم اشتقاق دالة العرض في المدى الطويل، وتبين أن هناك علاقة موجبة بين الكمية المعروضة من اللوز والسعر، عندما يكون السعر أكبر من (249100.17) ل.س/ طن، وتبين من خلال قياس الكفاءة الفنية أن حوالي ((28% من الموارد الاقتصادية لم تستغل بشكل أمثل.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish and fish products are important sources of essential nutrients for the body, and nutritionists recommend eating seafood twice a week. Therefore, to achieve the benefits of fish and fish products, the safety of fish should be considered from catching to the consumer table. The study evaluated fish safety knowledge and practices in a random sample of 344 women in Tripoli City, Libya. The survey was carried out by the self-administered questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The questionnaire consisted of four parts; the first part: questions about fish safety knowledge; the second part: questions about fish safety practices during purchasing; the third part: questions about fish safety practices at home; the fourth part: personal information. The mean knowledge score was 10.97±2.49 out of a total score of 15, the mean score of practices during purchasing was 23.2±4.10 out of a total score of 32, and the mean score of practices at home was 55.8± 6.32 out of a total score of 88. Age, marital status, employment and educational level had no significant effect on knowledge and practices (P>0.05). The study concluded that effective programs should be adopted to educate women to raise their awareness level of fish safety.
{"title":"Libyan Women's Knowledge and Practices of Fish Safety","authors":"Thuraya Abuhlega","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.150","url":null,"abstract":"Fish and fish products are important sources of essential nutrients for the body, and nutritionists recommend eating seafood twice a week. Therefore, to achieve the benefits of fish and fish products, the safety of fish should be considered from catching to the consumer table. The study evaluated fish safety knowledge and practices in a random sample of 344 women in Tripoli City, Libya. The survey was carried out by the self-administered questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The questionnaire consisted of four parts; the first part: questions about fish safety knowledge; the second part: questions about fish safety practices during purchasing; the third part: questions about fish safety practices at home; the fourth part: personal information. The mean knowledge score was 10.97±2.49 out of a total score of 15, the mean score of practices during purchasing was 23.2±4.10 out of a total score of 32, and the mean score of practices at home was 55.8± 6.32 out of a total score of 88. Age, marital status, employment and educational level had no significant effect on knowledge and practices (P>0.05). The study concluded that effective programs should be adopted to educate women to raise their awareness level of fish safety.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1425
Raeda Al-Mayta, A. Abdel-Ghani, S. A. Al-Dalain, M. A. Duwayri
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different supplemental irrigation (SI) treatments on yield, yield components, and some drought-related traits in eight wheat varieties grown in the semi-arid environment of Jordan. Two SI treatments were used in addition to the control (i.e. rainfed treatment with 262.8mm accumulated rains): partially SI treatment (PSI=262.8mm rains+220mm irrigation at anthesis stage) and continuous SI treatment (CSI= 262.8mm rains + 377.5mm at 2-3 weeks intervals during different stages of wheat growth). Seven durum wheat varieties; namely Sham1, Omqais, Acsad65, Bani Suef6, Bani Suef4, Horani Nawawi, and Dairalla6 in addition to one bread wheat variety (Ammon) were included in this study. Yield and yield components were significantly increased and the time required to anthesis and maturity were delayed by SI. PSI treatment significantly increased grain yield by 50.2%, while CSI increased yield by 121% as compared to the control treatment. Considerable variations among varieties were observed under different irrigation treatments. Sham1 (2266.7 kg ha-1), Omqais (2253.3 kg ha-1), and Acsad65 (1963.3 kg ha-1) gave the highest grain yield under control treatment with low drought susceptibility indices, implying their low grain yield losses under control as compared with SI treatments with high genetic potentials for drought tolerance. The top-yielding varieties under CSI were Acsad65 (4716.7 kg ha-1), Dairalla6 (4586.7 kg ha-1), Bani Suef6 (4460 kg ha-1), and Omqais (4360 kg ha-1). Under PSI, Sham1 (3303 kg ha-1) followed by Dairalla6 (3193.3 kg ha-1), Horani Nawawi (3130 kg ha-1), and Bani Suef6 (3026.7 kg ha-1) gave the highest grain yield. All yield components (number of kernels per spike, number of tillers, and grain size) significantly contributed to increasing grain yield under SI. In conclusion, SI under rainfed conditions improves yield-attributing traits, which led to a substantial increase in grain yield. It would be possible to increase GY by more than 3 and 4 tonnes ha-1 with PSI and CSI, respectively.
本研究旨在研究不同补灌处理对约旦半干旱环境下8个小麦品种产量、产量构成及部分干旱相关性状的影响。除了对照(即累积雨量为262.8mm的雨养处理)之外，还使用了两种硅浸处理:部分硅浸处理(PSI=262.8mm雨量+开花期220mm灌溉)和连续硅浸处理(CSI= 262.8mm雨量+ 377.5mm，在小麦生长的不同阶段，每隔2-3周进行一次)。七个硬粒小麦品种;即Sham1、Omqais、Acsad65、Bani Suef6、Bani Suef4、Horani Nawawi和dairall6以及一种面包小麦品种(Ammon)被纳入本研究。SI显著提高了产量和产量成分，延迟了开花和成熟所需时间。PSI处理较对照增产50.2%，CSI处理增产121%。在不同灌溉处理下，品种间存在较大差异。Sham1 (2266.7 kg ha-1)、Omqais (2253.3 kg ha-1)和Acsad65 (1963.3 kg ha-1)在干旱敏感性指数低的控制处理下产量最高，表明与具有高耐旱遗传潜力的SI处理相比，它们在控制下的产量损失较小。CSI下产量最高的品种为Acsad65 (4716.7 kg ha-1)、Dairalla6 (4586.7 kg ha-1)、Bani Suef6 (4460 kg ha-1)和Omqais (4360 kg ha-1)。在PSI下，沙姆1号(3303公斤公顷-1)产量最高，其次是Dairalla6(3193.3公斤公顷-1)、Horani Nawawi(3130公斤公顷-1)和Bani Suef6(3026.7公斤公顷-1)。所有产量成分(穗粒数、分蘖数和籽粒大小)都显著地提高了SI下的籽粒产量。综上所述，旱作条件下的SI改善了产量性状，导致粮食产量大幅提高。使用PSI和CSI将有可能分别增加3吨和4吨ha-1以上的天然气消耗量。
{"title":"Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Wheat Performance Grown in Semi-Arid Environment","authors":"Raeda Al-Mayta, A. Abdel-Ghani, S. A. Al-Dalain, M. A. Duwayri","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1425","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the effects of different supplemental irrigation (SI) treatments on yield, yield components, and some drought-related traits in eight wheat varieties grown in the semi-arid environment of Jordan. Two SI treatments were used in addition to the control (i.e. rainfed treatment with 262.8mm accumulated rains): partially SI treatment (PSI=262.8mm rains+220mm irrigation at anthesis stage) and continuous SI treatment (CSI= 262.8mm rains + 377.5mm at 2-3 weeks intervals during different stages of wheat growth). Seven durum wheat varieties; namely Sham1, Omqais, Acsad65, Bani Suef6, Bani Suef4, Horani Nawawi, and Dairalla6 in addition to one bread wheat variety (Ammon) were included in this study. Yield and yield components were significantly increased and the time required to anthesis and maturity were delayed by SI. PSI treatment significantly increased grain yield by 50.2%, while CSI increased yield by 121% as compared to the control treatment. Considerable variations among varieties were observed under different irrigation treatments. Sham1 (2266.7 kg ha-1), Omqais (2253.3 kg ha-1), and Acsad65 (1963.3 kg ha-1) gave the highest grain yield under control treatment with low drought susceptibility indices, implying their low grain yield losses under control as compared with SI treatments with high genetic potentials for drought tolerance. The top-yielding varieties under CSI were Acsad65 (4716.7 kg ha-1), Dairalla6 (4586.7 kg ha-1), Bani Suef6 (4460 kg ha-1), and Omqais (4360 kg ha-1). Under PSI, Sham1 (3303 kg ha-1) followed by Dairalla6 (3193.3 kg ha-1), Horani Nawawi (3130 kg ha-1), and Bani Suef6 (3026.7 kg ha-1) gave the highest grain yield. All yield components (number of kernels per spike, number of tillers, and grain size) significantly contributed to increasing grain yield under SI. In conclusion, SI under rainfed conditions improves yield-attributing traits, which led to a substantial increase in grain yield. It would be possible to increase GY by more than 3 and 4 tonnes ha-1 with PSI and CSI, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78278333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1428
M. Bdour, Ayman Frid Zyadeen, Nayl Twfiq Alkawalit
This study aims to estimate the economic returns of sheep and goat rearing as well as total cost and returns to identify the profit margin made by out each farmer. The random sample consists of 196 breeders who breed 58240, sheep and goats in the Karak governorate of Jordan. The sample represents 13% of the total sheep and goat population (445300) in Karak. The primary data were collected through personal interviews with farmers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the study objectives and consisted of three themes. The first theme was questioning the variables that relate to the farmer’s personal characteristics (demography). The second theme contains a set of questions regarding financial production cost and return parameters during the milking season including the marketing process. The third theme consists of information about the return from selling individual sheep and goats and products such as wool and manure. The collected data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed following Likert 5 Scale The financial analysis was conducted using Gross margin analysis. The findings of the analysis show that 52.6% of farmers were above 50 years old. the average size of the herd was 297. The variable cost for the herd was 13067.98, Jordanian Dinar, while the total returns were 17104.54, JOD, and the Gross margin ratio was 0.23599. The amount of milk production was (3,494.4) tons in a season lasting 3 months on average. The average prices of milk of goats and sheep are 1.1 and 0.87 JOD/kg, respectively, Moreover, 53.3% of the farmers processed the domestically produced milk into Jameed, butter, and margarine. The result of the analysis of gross margin was 30%, indicating the sheep and goats rearing projects make profits in Karak Governorate. The study recommends that a national program should be developed to maintain local breeds, set appropriate standards, and define trademarks for the local production of Jameed and domestic margarine.
{"title":"Estimating Economic Returns of Sheep and Goat Rearing in Karak Governorate","authors":"M. Bdour, Ayman Frid Zyadeen, Nayl Twfiq Alkawalit","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i2.1428","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to estimate the economic returns of sheep and goat rearing as well as total cost and returns to identify the profit margin made by out each farmer. The random sample consists of 196 breeders who breed 58240, sheep and goats in the Karak governorate of Jordan. The sample represents 13% of the total sheep and goat population (445300) in Karak. The primary data were collected through personal interviews with farmers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the study objectives and consisted of three themes. The first theme was questioning the variables that relate to the farmer’s personal characteristics (demography). The second theme contains a set of questions regarding financial production cost and return parameters during the milking season including the marketing process. The third theme consists of information about the return from selling individual sheep and goats and products such as wool and manure. The collected data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed following Likert 5 Scale The financial analysis was conducted using Gross margin analysis. The findings of the analysis show that 52.6% of farmers were above 50 years old. the average size of the herd was 297. The variable cost for the herd was 13067.98, Jordanian Dinar, while the total returns were 17104.54, JOD, and the Gross margin ratio was 0.23599. The amount of milk production was (3,494.4) tons in a season lasting 3 months on average. The average prices of milk of goats and sheep are 1.1 and 0.87 JOD/kg, respectively, Moreover, 53.3% of the farmers processed the domestically produced milk into Jameed, butter, and margarine. The result of the analysis of gross margin was 30%, indicating the sheep and goats rearing projects make profits in Karak Governorate. The study recommends that a national program should be developed to maintain local breeds, set appropriate standards, and define trademarks for the local production of Jameed and domestic margarine.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80490276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siham Benmeziane, Malik Saleh Haddadin, Hayder Abdullah Al-Domi
The objectives of this study were to determine the extraction yield and phytochemical composition of different Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) extracts, as well as to investigate in-vitro their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and antibacterial activities. Four solvents with different polarities were used to prepare AHA extracts. The extraction yield was determined using the gravimetric method. The qualitative analysis was performed using the standard methods. The quantitative analysis, the antioxidant, and the anti-inflammatory activities were estimated using the colorimetric method. The anti-glycation activity was measured using the spectrofluorimetric method. The antibacterial activity was performed using an agar diffusion method. Our findings showed that 80% aqueous ethanolic extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared to other extracts exhibited high extraction yield (15.3%), high phytochemical content (263.93±2.46 mg GAE/g E for total phenols), (40.94±1.45 mg QE /g E for total flavonoids), and (35.99±1.20 mg GAE/g E for total tannins), better Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 4.13±0.02 mg/mL) with no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to methanolic extract, as well as high anti-glycation activity (IC50 = 3.96±0.09 mg/mL). The methanolic extract had a significant inhibitory effect against the majority of the tested bacteria ccompared to other extracts. The anti-inflammatory potential of distilled water extract was significantly (p ≤0.05) higher (IC50 = 2.96±0.06 mg/mL) compared to the rest yet failed to show any antimicrobial activity against all assayed bacteria. In summary, the solvent type had a significant effect on the chemical and biological characteristics of AHA. The diversity and significance of Artemisia herba-alba’s biological activities demonstrate its potential application within the pharmaceutical and food areas.
{"title":"Extraction Yield, Phytochemicals Analysis and Certain In-Vitro Biological Activities of Artemisia herba alba Extracts","authors":"Siham Benmeziane, Malik Saleh Haddadin, Hayder Abdullah Al-Domi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i2.123","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine the extraction yield and phytochemical composition of different Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) extracts, as well as to investigate in-vitro their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and antibacterial activities. Four solvents with different polarities were used to prepare AHA extracts. The extraction yield was determined using the gravimetric method. The qualitative analysis was performed using the standard methods. The quantitative analysis, the antioxidant, and the anti-inflammatory activities were estimated using the colorimetric method. The anti-glycation activity was measured using the spectrofluorimetric method. The antibacterial activity was performed using an agar diffusion method. Our findings showed that 80% aqueous ethanolic extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared to other extracts exhibited high extraction yield (15.3%), high phytochemical content (263.93±2.46 mg GAE/g E for total phenols), (40.94±1.45 mg QE /g E for total flavonoids), and (35.99±1.20 mg GAE/g E for total tannins), better Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 4.13±0.02 mg/mL) with no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to methanolic extract, as well as high anti-glycation activity (IC50 = 3.96±0.09 mg/mL). The methanolic extract had a significant inhibitory effect against the majority of the tested bacteria ccompared to other extracts. The anti-inflammatory potential of distilled water extract was significantly (p ≤0.05) higher (IC50 = 2.96±0.06 mg/mL) compared to the rest yet failed to show any antimicrobial activity against all assayed bacteria. In summary, the solvent type had a significant effect on the chemical and biological characteristics of AHA. The diversity and significance of Artemisia herba-alba’s biological activities demonstrate its potential application within the pharmaceutical and food areas.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76739591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical, and microbiological properties of beef and chicken mortadella (BM and CM, respectively) to determine the effect of flaxseed and oregano oils on mortadella samples as compared to the control. Twelve mortadella samples (6 rolls and 6 slices) were analyzed each forming six treatments: T1 (BM control), T2 (CM control), T3 (CM fortified with flaxseed oil), T4 (CM fortified with oregano oil), T5 (BM fortified with flaxseed oil) and T6 (BM fortified with oregano oil). Results obtained during six months of storage were significantly different except for those of the fatty acid profile. Results of chemical analysis showed a moisture content was around 65%, fat content ranged from 11.19-13.90% in BM and 9.77-10.43% in CM, protein content was around 14%, cholesterol content ranged from 21.5-52 mg/100 g in BM, and 16-55 mg/100g in CM, ash content was around 3%, collagen content was around 1.68%, salt content was around 2%, and the negative [H⁺] (ph) content was around 6.5. Oregano oil was found to increase the L* value in both BM and CM. Both oils reduced a* and b* values and were found to be differently affected by the addition of oils. The antimicrobial properties of both oils were observed (an approximate 1 log CFU/g reduction). The resulting sensory scores indicated that both BM and CM were acceptable with no significant differences in texture, sliceability, appearance, and color.
{"title":"Development of a Functional Healthy Chicken and Beef Mortadella Fortified with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Evaluation of Their Chemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Properties","authors":"Meriem Belaouni, Basem Al-Abdullah Al-Sawalha","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i3.130","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical, and microbiological properties of beef and chicken mortadella (BM and CM, respectively) to determine the effect of flaxseed and oregano oils on mortadella samples as compared to the control. Twelve mortadella samples (6 rolls and 6 slices) were analyzed each forming six treatments: T1 (BM control), T2 (CM control), T3 (CM fortified with flaxseed oil), T4 (CM fortified with oregano oil), T5 (BM fortified with flaxseed oil) and T6 (BM fortified with oregano oil). Results obtained during six months of storage were significantly different except for those of the fatty acid profile. Results of chemical analysis showed a moisture content was around 65%, fat content ranged from 11.19-13.90% in BM and 9.77-10.43% in CM, protein content was around 14%, cholesterol content ranged from 21.5-52 mg/100 g in BM, and 16-55 mg/100g in CM, ash content was around 3%, collagen content was around 1.68%, salt content was around 2%, and the negative [H⁺] (ph) content was around 6.5. Oregano oil was found to increase the L* value in both BM and CM. Both oils reduced a* and b* values and were found to be differently affected by the addition of oils. The antimicrobial properties of both oils were observed (an approximate 1 log CFU/g reduction). The resulting sensory scores indicated that both BM and CM were acceptable with no significant differences in texture, sliceability, appearance, and color.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87098545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prohibition uses of antibiotics and coccidiosis opens the door for research into the natural alternatives to be used to enhance animal performance. Origanum Majorana (OM) is a native plant in the Middle East which have many secondary nutritional components that affect broiler performance. Three hundred and seventy-five, one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chickens were distributed to five treatments with three replicates per treatment. Treatment T1 was the positive control which had fed with a coccidiostat. T2 was the negative control, feeding without coccidiostat. T3, T4, and T5 had the same feed as T2 with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of added OM leaf powder. The rearing period was extended to 35 days. Performance parameters were measured weekly. Four birds from each pen were slaughtered and carcass cuts were weighed. Breast and thigh meat samples were stored at 5Cο for 7 days, and meat color and pH were measured at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of slaughtering. Feeding OM at a level of 0.5% showed a significant (P<0.05), increase in total feed intake and final body weight (3920 g, 2630.15g) compared to other groups. The lowest significant FCR was obtained in T4 on weeks 3, 4, and 5 (1.34, 1.33, and 1.51, respectively). There were no significant differences between treatments on thigh and breast L*, a*, b*, and meat pH. The L* value (59.19) for breast tends to be improved (P=0.0873) due to the use of 0.5% of OM In all treatments means the values of a*, b*, and meat pH increased significantly during the storage period while the value of L* was significantly reduced. Using OM will enhance the performance of broiler chickens and may improve the meat quality when it is used as a natural component substitute for coccidiostat and antibiotics.
{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Origanum Majorana Leaves Powder on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Ahmad F. Souad, H. Zakaria, M. Tabbaa","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v19i2.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i2.141","url":null,"abstract":"The prohibition uses of antibiotics and coccidiosis opens the door for research into the natural alternatives to be used to enhance animal performance. Origanum Majorana (OM) is a native plant in the Middle East which have many secondary nutritional components that affect broiler performance. Three hundred and seventy-five, one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chickens were distributed to five treatments with three replicates per treatment. Treatment T1 was the positive control which had fed with a coccidiostat. T2 was the negative control, feeding without coccidiostat. T3, T4, and T5 had the same feed as T2 with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of added OM leaf powder. The rearing period was extended to 35 days. Performance parameters were measured weekly. Four birds from each pen were slaughtered and carcass cuts were weighed. Breast and thigh meat samples were stored at 5Cο for 7 days, and meat color and pH were measured at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of slaughtering. Feeding OM at a level of 0.5% showed a significant (P<0.05), increase in total feed intake and final body weight (3920 g, 2630.15g) compared to other groups. The lowest significant FCR was obtained in T4 on weeks 3, 4, and 5 (1.34, 1.33, and 1.51, respectively). There were no significant differences between treatments on thigh and breast L*, a*, b*, and meat pH. The L* value (59.19) for breast tends to be improved (P=0.0873) due to the use of 0.5% of OM In all treatments means the values of a*, b*, and meat pH increased significantly during the storage period while the value of L* was significantly reduced. Using OM will enhance the performance of broiler chickens and may improve the meat quality when it is used as a natural component substitute for coccidiostat and antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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