A Regional Food Hub that covers at least Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt is a necessity now more than any other time. This hub will allow the optimized flow of not only food products, but also various inputs, exchange of knowledge, coordination of policies, and joint response to emergencies. The hub will be a much-needed catalyst to further the already progressing regional cooperation, drive investments in larger and bigger projects and infrastructure, spur research and innovation in agricultural and food technologies, encourage private sectors involvement as a result of governments’ support and commitment, create jobs in multiple related venues, and enhance overall economic conditions as a result. Jordan has pioneered the concept of this food hub and has a middle position in the region. Jordan has an excellent footprint in many of the agricultural inputs, mainly fertilizers, seeds, and vaccines. Jordan has built a good institutional capacity, data gathering techniques, and has a multitude of regional and international cooperation networks. Thus, Jordan may continue to further drive the concept along with its regional partners. The Regional Food Hub may not happen instantaneously, but it has to start now. The beginning can simply be by a process of stakeholders’ engagement amongst regional partners, that can then develop into further cooperation based on the action plan and active committees that will eventually be crowned by a full-fledged and dedicated institution.
{"title":"Jordan’s Role in A Regional Food Hub","authors":"Fadel El-Zubi, Eyas Shuaibi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.77","url":null,"abstract":"A Regional Food Hub that covers at least Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt is a necessity now more than any other time. This hub will allow the optimized flow of not only food products, but also various inputs, exchange of knowledge, coordination of policies, and joint response to emergencies. The hub will be a much-needed catalyst to further the already progressing regional cooperation, drive investments in larger and bigger projects and infrastructure, spur research and innovation in agricultural and food technologies, encourage private sectors involvement as a result of governments’ support and commitment, create jobs in multiple related venues, and enhance overall economic conditions as a result. \u0000Jordan has pioneered the concept of this food hub and has a middle position in the region. Jordan has an excellent footprint in many of the agricultural inputs, mainly fertilizers, seeds, and vaccines. Jordan has built a good institutional capacity, data gathering techniques, and has a multitude of regional and international cooperation networks. Thus, Jordan may continue to further drive the concept along with its regional partners. The Regional Food Hub may not happen instantaneously, but it has to start now. The beginning can simply be by a process of stakeholders’ engagement amongst regional partners, that can then develop into further cooperation based on the action plan and active committees that will eventually be crowned by a full-fledged and dedicated institution.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75060385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Al-Sayaydeh, Khaled A. Al-Habahbeh, Zahera Akkeh, Randa N. Albdaiwi
Wheat is a major staple crop that is largely affected by different abiotic stresses that include heat, drought, and salinity. The main objective of this study was to identify wheat NAC transcription factors that are related to the NAC-a subfamily, which is involved in mediating stress tolerance in different plant species. Furthermore, in silico gene expression analysis was conducted to detect differential changes in wheat NAC-a subfamily members in different organs, developmental stages, and under various abiotic stress. Herein, using phylogenetic analysis for 488 NAC transcription factors, 41 proteins were identified as wheat NAC-a subfamily members. In silico gene expression analysis found that NAC-related wheat transcription factors are expressed exclusively at the anthesis stage till dough development with high expression levels detected in flag leaves. The in-silico gene expression analysis identified SNAC1-related members, which had high expression levels under drought, cold, and heat stresses. The identified stress-induced wheat NAC-a subfamily members can be utilized in the future to develop climate-smart wheat cultivars with improved tolerance against abiotic stresses.
{"title":"IN SILICO GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-RELATED NAC-A GENE SUBFAMILY TO DISSECT THEIR ROLE IN ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)","authors":"R. Al-Sayaydeh, Khaled A. Al-Habahbeh, Zahera Akkeh, Randa N. Albdaiwi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.90","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is a major staple crop that is largely affected by different abiotic stresses that include heat, drought, and salinity. The main objective of this study was to identify wheat NAC transcription factors that are related to the NAC-a subfamily, which is involved in mediating stress tolerance in different plant species. Furthermore, in silico gene expression analysis was conducted to detect differential changes in wheat NAC-a subfamily members in different organs, developmental stages, and under various abiotic stress. Herein, using phylogenetic analysis for 488 NAC transcription factors, 41 proteins were identified as wheat NAC-a subfamily members. In silico gene expression analysis found that NAC-related wheat transcription factors are expressed exclusively at the anthesis stage till dough development with high expression levels detected in flag leaves. The in-silico gene expression analysis identified SNAC1-related members, which had high expression levels under drought, cold, and heat stresses. The identified stress-induced wheat NAC-a subfamily members can be utilized in the future to develop climate-smart wheat cultivars with improved tolerance against abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89108216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Adamu, Diana David, Hafsat Muhammad, Namla Djadjiti, Hafsat Mohammad
The high demand for fish as a protein source in fishmeal with the increasing production pressure on aquaculture has led to the research on the use of insects as an alternative source of protein for fish production. Studies have been reported on nutritional potentials of some insect’s protein on growth indices with little attention on the fish carcass's proximate composition and amino acid analyses; thus, this study was conducted to investigate the carcass proximate and amino acid analyses of hybrid catfish fed supplemented cockroach meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with varying inclusion levels of the insect (Diet A (100% fishmeal), Diet B (100% cockroach meal), Diet C (50% fishmeal and 50% cockroach meal), and Diet D (Commercial diet)). The hybrid catfish were fed twice daily with formulated/commercial diets for 12 weeks. After, the 12-week periods, pool samples of whole fish, were sacrificed for proximate analyses and amino acid analyses. The test fish carcass revealed the highest moisture content (9.22±0.01%) and crude protein (66.23±0.02%) values in Diet A and B respectively. Similarly, the highest crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate content of 0.73±0.03%, 13.96±0.10%, and 12.55±0.13% were recorded in fish-fed diet B. The amino acid profiles of fish carcass fed diet B recorded the highest values of lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, proline, arginine, cysteine, alanine, and glutamic acid; glycine, threonine, and serine. Whilst other amino acids monitored in fish fed Diet B were moderate amongst others. The fish fed Diet C, also recorded positive (p<0.05) proximate compositions and amino acid profiles compared to the control carcass. The observed carcass proximate compositions and amino acid profiles in fish-fed Diets B and C may be attributed to the presence of cockroach meal in the diets. Hence, the inclusion of cockroaches in the diets of hybrid catfish could be employed as a potential source of protein for catfish fingerlings as revealed by the hybrid catfish carcass proximate composition and amino acid analyses. this makes a potential source of protein for human consumption
{"title":"Carcass Proximate Composition and Amino acid Profiles of Hybrid Catfish fed Supplementary Cockroach Meal","authors":"K. Adamu, Diana David, Hafsat Muhammad, Namla Djadjiti, Hafsat Mohammad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.89","url":null,"abstract":"The high demand for fish as a protein source in fishmeal with the increasing production pressure on aquaculture has led to the research on the use of insects as an alternative source of protein for fish production. Studies have been reported on nutritional potentials of some insect’s protein on growth indices with little attention on the fish carcass's proximate composition and amino acid analyses; thus, this study was conducted to investigate the carcass proximate and amino acid analyses of hybrid catfish fed supplemented cockroach meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with varying inclusion levels of the insect (Diet A (100% fishmeal), Diet B (100% cockroach meal), Diet C (50% fishmeal and 50% cockroach meal), and Diet D (Commercial diet)). The hybrid catfish were fed twice daily with formulated/commercial diets for 12 weeks. After, the 12-week periods, pool samples of whole fish, were sacrificed for proximate analyses and amino acid analyses. The test fish carcass revealed the highest moisture content (9.22±0.01%) and crude protein (66.23±0.02%) values in Diet A and B respectively. Similarly, the highest crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate content of 0.73±0.03%, 13.96±0.10%, and 12.55±0.13% were recorded in fish-fed diet B. The amino acid profiles of fish carcass fed diet B recorded the highest values of lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, proline, arginine, cysteine, alanine, and glutamic acid; glycine, threonine, and serine. Whilst other amino acids monitored in fish fed Diet B were moderate amongst others. The fish fed Diet C, also recorded positive (p<0.05) proximate compositions and amino acid profiles compared to the control carcass. The observed carcass proximate compositions and amino acid profiles in fish-fed Diets B and C may be attributed to the presence of cockroach meal in the diets. Hence, the inclusion of cockroaches in the diets of hybrid catfish could be employed as a potential source of protein for catfish fingerlings as revealed by the hybrid catfish carcass proximate composition and amino acid analyses. this makes a potential source of protein for human consumption","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"38 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88072546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد التركيب الكيميائي والقيمة الغذائية ومعامل الهضم لنبات زهرة النيل، ومدى احتوائه على العناصر المعدنية الكبرى والصغرى والثقيلة، إضافة لسيلجة النبات وإمكانية استخدامه كعلف بدلاً من الأعلاف المالئة (الاتبان) وأثر عملية السيلجة في تحديد معامل هضمه وكمية الطاقة المهضومة والاستقلابية. ونُفذ البحث في مركز بحوث السلمية التابع للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية (2020)، وأجريت تجارب الهضم في أقفاص هضم تُمكن من تقديم العلف المركز والعلف المالئ والماء كل على حدا، مع إمكانية فصل البول عن الروث. استخدم في تجربة التغذية 12رأس من ذكور العواس بعمر 11-12 شهر بمتوسط وزن 5.37±76.4كغم. وُزعت الحيوانات على أربع مجموعات وفقاً لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية، (3ذكور لكل مجموعة). استمرت التجربة مدة 14 يوم حيث كانت نسبة الاستبدال بسيلاج زهرة النيل(WHS 75%، WHS 50%، WHS 25% and WHS 0%),على التوالي. أشارت نتائج التحليل إلى المحتوى الجيد للنبات من العناصر المعدنية الكبرى والصغرى وخلوه من العناصر الثقيلة في منطقة الدراسة (نهر الأبرش ونبع العروس/سورية، محافظة طرطوس، سهل عكار). سيلاج زهرة النيل ذات محتوى جيد من البروتين الخام 12.05غ/100مادة جافه، معامل هضم سيلاج زهرة النيل تقدر ب 52.1 %. وأثرت نسب الاستبدال بسيلاج زهرة النيل بشكل معنوي في معاملات الهضم للمكونات العلفية للعليقة المدروسة، وأثرت معنوياً في الطاقة المهضومة (312±13) 100gr/Kcal عند مستوى استبدال % 25 مقارنة بمجموعة الشاهد (277.2±22.5) 100gr/Kcal، والطاقة الاستقلابية (256.3±10.6) 100gr/Kcal مقارنة بمجموعة الشاهد (227±18.5) 100gr/Kcal عند نفس المستوى. تقترح الدراسة استخدام نبات زهرة النيل في علائق الأغنام بشكله المسيلج حتى نسبة 25%.
{"title":"تقدير القيمة العلفية ومعامل الهضم الظاهري لسيلاج زهرة النيل في علائق أغنام - العواسي","authors":"Osama Mohummad Yosef","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.93","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد التركيب الكيميائي والقيمة الغذائية ومعامل الهضم لنبات زهرة النيل، ومدى احتوائه على العناصر المعدنية الكبرى والصغرى والثقيلة، إضافة لسيلجة النبات وإمكانية استخدامه كعلف بدلاً من الأعلاف المالئة (الاتبان) وأثر عملية السيلجة في تحديد معامل هضمه وكمية الطاقة المهضومة والاستقلابية. ونُفذ البحث في مركز بحوث السلمية التابع للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية (2020)، وأجريت تجارب الهضم في أقفاص هضم تُمكن من تقديم العلف المركز والعلف المالئ والماء كل على حدا، مع إمكانية فصل البول عن الروث. استخدم في تجربة التغذية 12رأس من ذكور العواس بعمر 11-12 شهر بمتوسط وزن 5.37±76.4كغم. وُزعت الحيوانات على أربع مجموعات وفقاً لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية، (3ذكور لكل مجموعة). استمرت التجربة مدة 14 يوم حيث كانت نسبة الاستبدال بسيلاج زهرة النيل(WHS 75%، WHS 50%، WHS 25% and WHS 0%),على التوالي. أشارت نتائج التحليل إلى المحتوى الجيد للنبات من العناصر المعدنية الكبرى والصغرى وخلوه من العناصر الثقيلة في منطقة الدراسة (نهر الأبرش ونبع العروس/سورية، محافظة طرطوس، سهل عكار). سيلاج زهرة النيل ذات محتوى جيد من البروتين الخام 12.05غ/100مادة جافه، معامل هضم سيلاج زهرة النيل تقدر ب 52.1 %. وأثرت نسب الاستبدال بسيلاج زهرة النيل بشكل معنوي في معاملات الهضم للمكونات العلفية للعليقة المدروسة، وأثرت معنوياً في الطاقة المهضومة (312±13) 100gr/Kcal عند مستوى استبدال % 25 مقارنة بمجموعة الشاهد (277.2±22.5) 100gr/Kcal، والطاقة الاستقلابية (256.3±10.6) 100gr/Kcal مقارنة بمجموعة الشاهد (227±18.5) 100gr/Kcal عند نفس المستوى. تقترح الدراسة استخدام نبات زهرة النيل في علائق الأغنام بشكله المسيلج حتى نسبة 25%. ","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81085524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depending on species and the utilized production system, feed represents the biggest variable cost to livestock producers. For example, feed cost represents 40-50% of the production cost of intensively managed cows and up to 60-70% of the cost of extensively managed sheep and goats. In either case, its proportion is substantial to the profitability of any animal operation. Livestock producers in Jordan face great hardships and challenges related to the environmental impact, animal health, market variability, and, most importantly, feed prices due to the limited feed production stemming from low rainfall. Most of the main feed ingredients in Jordan’s livestock sector are imported making them quite expensive. This review discusses the use of alternative feed ingredients (namely olive cake (OC)) in animal nutrition as a means of reducing the cost of feeding and improving returns to producers. Olive oil is one of the healthiest oils available and represents an important part of the Mediterranean diet. The increased demand for olive oil and olive fruits accelerated the increase in planting olive trees to meet these needs. This, in turn, has led to a significant increase in olive residues, such as olive cake (OC). These residues (byproducts) can be a source of pollution if not disposed of properly. The main objective of this review is to focus on the importance of OC in animal nutrition and its impact on the economics of livestock production. Most of the studies we dealt with in this review have shown that incorporating OC (in small substitutions) into the rations of livestock has no adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Thus, utilizing low-cost, agro-industrial by-products, such as OC, can be beneficial from environmental and economic points of view.
{"title":"Olive Cake in Livestock Nutrition","authors":"B. Obeidat","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.78","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on species and the utilized production system, feed represents the biggest variable cost to livestock producers. For example, feed cost represents 40-50% of the production cost of intensively managed cows and up to 60-70% of the cost of extensively managed sheep and goats. In either case, its proportion is substantial to the profitability of any animal operation. Livestock producers in Jordan face great hardships and challenges related to the environmental impact, animal health, market variability, and, most importantly, feed prices due to the limited feed production stemming from low rainfall. Most of the main feed ingredients in Jordan’s livestock sector are imported making them quite expensive. This review discusses the use of alternative feed ingredients (namely olive cake (OC)) in animal nutrition as a means of reducing the cost of feeding and improving returns to producers. Olive oil is one of the healthiest oils available and represents an important part of the Mediterranean diet. The increased demand for olive oil and olive fruits accelerated the increase in planting olive trees to meet these needs. This, in turn, has led to a significant increase in olive residues, such as olive cake (OC). These residues (byproducts) can be a source of pollution if not disposed of properly. The main objective of this review is to focus on the importance of OC in animal nutrition and its impact on the economics of livestock production. Most of the studies we dealt with in this review have shown that incorporating OC (in small substitutions) into the rations of livestock has no adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Thus, utilizing low-cost, agro-industrial by-products, such as OC, can be beneficial from environmental and economic points of view.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85579747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This JJAS special issue on “The Development of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition in Jordan” has been announced soon after the declaration of the official day of the centenary of the founding of the Jordanian state on the 11th of April 2021 (Ahmad, 2021). The issue comprises 13 invited review articles that describe the advancement in basic and applied scientific research in the fields of agriculture, food, and nutrition in a hundred years of the country’s establishment. The development in science and technology of these fields has emerged as a powerful paradigm for Jordan’s next generation of economics, food security, and human health (JIC, 2018).
{"title":"INTRODUCTION TO THE JJAS SPECIAL ISSUE “CELEBRATING THE COUNTRY'S CENTENARY”: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION IN JORDAN","authors":"Mousa Numan Ahmad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.73","url":null,"abstract":"This JJAS special issue on “The Development of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition in Jordan” has been announced soon after the declaration of the official day of the centenary of the founding of the Jordanian state on the 11th of April 2021 (Ahmad, 2021). The issue comprises 13 invited review articles that describe the advancement in basic and applied scientific research in the fields of agriculture, food, and nutrition in a hundred years of the country’s establishment. The development in science and technology of these fields has emerged as a powerful paradigm for Jordan’s next generation of economics, food security, and human health (JIC, 2018).","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75812209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are among the most damaging parasitic weeds to agriculture. The subsite themselves on the roots of a wide range of cultivated and wild-grown plant species of different plant families. These parasites are varied in morphology and plant hosts they attack, although they share a large number of host species. Certain Orobanche species are more specialized to plant species of specific growth forms such as fruit and forestry trees. All Orobanche species are obligatory parasites because they lack chlorophyll and thus heterotrophic completely depend on host plants for food and/or water absorbed through specialized organs called a haustoria. The present review introduces information on biology, ecology, distribution, host/parasite relationship, economic importance, and management of the most important Orobanche species widely spread in Jordan and worldwide that cause great yield loss of different economic crops and devastate yield totally under heavy infestation. Recent literature and overview information on methods of control followed in Jordan and different parts of the world are included and discussed.
{"title":"Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) the Challenge and Management: A review","authors":"J. Qasem","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.75","url":null,"abstract":"Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are among the most damaging parasitic weeds to agriculture. The subsite themselves on the roots of a wide range of cultivated and wild-grown plant species of different plant families. These parasites are varied in morphology and plant hosts they attack, although they share a large number of host species. Certain Orobanche species are more specialized to plant species of specific growth forms such as fruit and forestry trees. All Orobanche species are obligatory parasites because they lack chlorophyll and thus heterotrophic completely depend on host plants for food and/or water absorbed through specialized organs called a haustoria. The present review introduces information on biology, ecology, distribution, host/parasite relationship, economic importance, and management of the most important Orobanche species widely spread in Jordan and worldwide that cause great yield loss of different economic crops and devastate yield totally under heavy infestation. Recent literature and overview information on methods of control followed in Jordan and different parts of the world are included and discussed.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91231905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1921, the population of the Emirate of Transjordan was only 230 thousand people. The newly born country had few natural resources and few population centers, and its only real revenue was British government aid. The latest statistics show that Jordan’s population amounted to 10.96 million in August 2020, which means that the population has increased by more than 46 folds over the last 100 years. The huge increase in the kingdom’s population has put huge pressures on the limited resources available to the agricultural sector and consequently jeopardize the food security situation, especially in the last few decades. Food security in Jordan is a complex issue which exacerbated during the latest Covid-19 epidemic which coincided with the ongoing refugee crises. The main objective of this paper is to explore the main directions of the expected role of the agricultural sector and its impact on the food security situation in Jordan in the next century. The researcher used a descriptive analysis tool that uses the points of strengths (S), weakness (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) (SWOT) to achieve the objective of this research. The main conclusions drawn from the SWOT analysis conducted in this paper are as follows: 1)climate change and the decline in the very scarce water resource is the major challenge that is currently facing and will continue to face the agricultural sector which will jeopardize the food security system in Jordan, 2) another major challenge is the high population growth rates and a large number of refugees in the country, 3) The absence of clear and robust food security policy, and 4) Food waste and post-harvest losses are another major threat of the food security in Jordan. To minimize these challenges, the researcher recommends the following that: 1) Increase the water use efficiency of the current agricultural production systems through adopting new irrigation techniques such as improved drip irrigation systems, 2) expand in the hydroponic production systems that save huge amounts of irrigation water which could also be produced near urban centers to save transportation costs of final production, 3) introduce drought-resistant varieties of field crops, forage crops and trees, 4) improve the post-harvest handling systems of perishable agricultural products to reduce losses across the different stages of the value chain such expanding with cold storage facilities, cold trucks, pre-cooling, and proper packing and packaging, 5) improve the agricultural education curricula through establishing new programs that meet the current and future food market demand, and 6) support and encourage young researchers through incubating and accelerating their new ideas which could add great values to the current agricultural and food security system in Jordan.
{"title":"Evolution of the Role of the Agricultural Sector in the Food Security of Jordan: - A SWOT Analysis after a Century of Establishment","authors":"Amer S. Jabarin","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.82","url":null,"abstract":"In 1921, the population of the Emirate of Transjordan was only 230 thousand people. The newly born country had few natural resources and few population centers, and its only real revenue was British government aid. The latest statistics show that Jordan’s population amounted to 10.96 million in August 2020, which means that the population has increased by more than 46 folds over the last 100 years. The huge increase in the kingdom’s population has put huge pressures on the limited resources available to the agricultural sector and consequently jeopardize the food security situation, especially in the last few decades. Food security in Jordan is a complex issue which exacerbated during the latest Covid-19 epidemic which coincided with the ongoing refugee crises. The main objective of this paper is to explore the main directions of the expected role of the agricultural sector and its impact on the food security situation in Jordan in the next century. The researcher used a descriptive analysis tool that uses the points of strengths (S), weakness (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) (SWOT) to achieve the objective of this research. The main conclusions drawn from the SWOT analysis conducted in this paper are as follows: 1)climate change and the decline in the very scarce water resource is the major challenge that is currently facing and will continue to face the agricultural sector which will jeopardize the food security system in Jordan, 2) another major challenge is the high population growth rates and a large number of refugees in the country, 3) The absence of clear and robust food security policy, and 4) Food waste and post-harvest losses are another major threat of the food security in Jordan. To minimize these challenges, the researcher recommends the following that: 1) Increase the water use efficiency of the current agricultural production systems through adopting new irrigation techniques such as improved drip irrigation systems, 2) expand in the hydroponic production systems that save huge amounts of irrigation water which could also be produced near urban centers to save transportation costs of final production, 3) introduce drought-resistant varieties of field crops, forage crops and trees, 4) improve the post-harvest handling systems of perishable agricultural products to reduce losses across the different stages of the value chain such expanding with cold storage facilities, cold trucks, pre-cooling, and proper packing and packaging, 5) improve the agricultural education curricula through establishing new programs that meet the current and future food market demand, and 6) support and encourage young researchers through incubating and accelerating their new ideas which could add great values to the current agricultural and food security system in Jordan.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89844820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prospective agriculture development, in Jordan, is tied up by severe water scarcity that induces imbalances and shortages of water supply for various uses, especially under high population growth rates, natural and non-voluntary migration, and climate change. This paper provides highlights on the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) expansion, development, and treated wastewater reuse for the current and past 100 years in Jordan, examples of inefficient utilization of some WWTPs effluent and some of its constituents (such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus). It also suggests the necessary measures in the near future and long-term for the effective use of treated wastewater that improve and increase the reuse of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation.
{"title":"Wastewater Treatment and its Reuse in Jordan","authors":"A. Abu-Awwad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.80","url":null,"abstract":"The prospective agriculture development, in Jordan, is tied up by severe water scarcity that induces imbalances and shortages of water supply for various uses, especially under high population growth rates, natural and non-voluntary migration, and climate change. This paper provides highlights on the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) expansion, development, and treated wastewater reuse for the current and past 100 years in Jordan, examples of inefficient utilization of some WWTPs effluent and some of its constituents (such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus). It also suggests the necessary measures in the near future and long-term for the effective use of treated wastewater that improve and increase the reuse of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81419216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
شهد قطاع الصناعات الغذائية كباقي القطاعات الاقتصادية الأخرى نموا متسارعا ليواكب التغيرات الديموغرافية والصناعية والزراعية والاجتماعية بشتى مناحيها خلال المئة سنة الفائتة منذ تأسيس المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية سنة 1921. فمن بدايات متواضعة تمثلت في منشآت بسيطة لتلبية متطلبات المستهلك من الإنتاج الزراعي المحفوظ بالطرق البسيطة والطبيعية الى شركات متطورة جدا تنتج منتجات متنوعة تغطي احتياجات السوق المحلي وتصدر الى العشرات من دول العالم. تبرز أهمية الصناعات الغذائية بالإضافة لدورها في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي في دعمها لقطاع الزراعة الأردني لاعتمادها على المنتج الزراعي كمادة أولية، كذلك الأمر, فإن قطاع الصناعات الغذائية يوفر فرص عمل لنسبة عالية من العمالة المحلية الماهرة وغير الماهرة. رافقت نهضة الصناعات الغذائية ودعمتها عدة عوامل منها التشريعات بمستوياتها المتنوعة التي سنتها الدولة لحماية المستهلك والمنتج وتوفير البيئة الاستثمارية المناسبة، وتوفر الأعداد الهائلة من المهندسين المؤهلين للعمل في مصانع الأغذية وإدارتها , وتطور البنية التحتية الضرورية لنمو القطاع التي تشمل الى جانب مقومات البنية التقليدية من مواصلات واتصالات وشبكة كهرباء ومياه تشمل بعض الصناعات الميكانيكية المتخصصة في إنتاج بعض آلات الأغذية وبعض المكونات ومنافذ التسويق والشركات الاستشارية المتخصصة في إدارة الجودة والمختبرات الصناعية في القطاعين العام والخاص. غير أن هذا القطاع يعاني كبقية القطاعات الاقتصادية من عدد من المشاكل أهمها المنافسة من البضائع الأجنبية والاعتماد على المواد الأولية المستوردة وارتفاع كلفة مدخلات الإنتاج وبعض السياسات الاقتصادية المعيقة لنمو القطاع، ما يؤكد الحاجة الى المزيد من الدعم الحكومي. وبالرغم من كل هذه المعيقات فإن القطاع صامد ومستمر في النمو ومن المتوقع أن يتسارع نموه كما ونوعا في السنين القادمة ليبقى رافدا أساسياً للزراعة والصناعة. سنقوم في هذه الورقة ببحث أهم محطات تطور قطاع الصناعات الغذائية، بمناسبة المئوية الأولى لتأسيس المملكة، وإلقاء الضوء على خواصه ومشاكله ومواطن قوته وضعفه وكيف يمكننا تعظيم الاستفادة من التطورات التكنولوجية والديموغرافية التي من المتوقع حدوثها في السنين القادمة.
{"title":"الصناعات الغذائية الأردنية في قرن: مراجعة","authors":"Ayed Amr, Mai Abdullah","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.85","url":null,"abstract":"شهد قطاع الصناعات الغذائية كباقي القطاعات الاقتصادية الأخرى نموا متسارعا ليواكب التغيرات الديموغرافية والصناعية والزراعية والاجتماعية بشتى مناحيها خلال المئة سنة الفائتة منذ تأسيس المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية سنة 1921. فمن بدايات متواضعة تمثلت في منشآت بسيطة لتلبية متطلبات المستهلك من الإنتاج الزراعي المحفوظ بالطرق البسيطة والطبيعية الى شركات متطورة جدا تنتج منتجات متنوعة تغطي احتياجات السوق المحلي وتصدر الى العشرات من دول العالم. \u0000تبرز أهمية الصناعات الغذائية بالإضافة لدورها في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي في دعمها لقطاع الزراعة الأردني لاعتمادها على المنتج الزراعي كمادة أولية، كذلك الأمر, فإن قطاع الصناعات الغذائية يوفر فرص عمل لنسبة عالية من العمالة المحلية الماهرة وغير الماهرة. \u0000رافقت نهضة الصناعات الغذائية ودعمتها عدة عوامل منها التشريعات بمستوياتها المتنوعة التي سنتها الدولة لحماية المستهلك والمنتج وتوفير البيئة الاستثمارية المناسبة، وتوفر الأعداد الهائلة من المهندسين المؤهلين للعمل في مصانع الأغذية وإدارتها , وتطور البنية التحتية الضرورية لنمو القطاع التي تشمل الى جانب مقومات البنية التقليدية من مواصلات واتصالات وشبكة كهرباء ومياه تشمل بعض الصناعات الميكانيكية المتخصصة في إنتاج بعض آلات الأغذية وبعض المكونات ومنافذ التسويق والشركات الاستشارية المتخصصة في إدارة الجودة والمختبرات الصناعية في القطاعين العام والخاص. \u0000غير أن هذا القطاع يعاني كبقية القطاعات الاقتصادية من عدد من المشاكل أهمها المنافسة من البضائع الأجنبية والاعتماد على المواد الأولية المستوردة وارتفاع كلفة مدخلات الإنتاج وبعض السياسات الاقتصادية المعيقة لنمو القطاع، ما يؤكد الحاجة الى المزيد من الدعم الحكومي. وبالرغم من كل هذه المعيقات فإن القطاع صامد ومستمر في النمو ومن المتوقع أن يتسارع نموه كما ونوعا في السنين القادمة ليبقى رافدا أساسياً للزراعة والصناعة. سنقوم في هذه الورقة ببحث أهم محطات تطور قطاع الصناعات الغذائية، بمناسبة المئوية الأولى لتأسيس المملكة، وإلقاء الضوء على خواصه ومشاكله ومواطن قوته وضعفه وكيف يمكننا تعظيم الاستفادة من التطورات التكنولوجية والديموغرافية التي من المتوقع حدوثها في السنين القادمة.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91503844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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