This study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of histamine in three species of marine fish (fresh and preserved with dry salting). No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found among the Chirocenterus dorab, Scomberoides commersonianus, and Xiphias gladius fish species during summer or winter. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of histamine differed significantly (p < 0.05) between summer and winter in the fresh samples of the aforementioned fish species. In the case of the salted fish species, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were detected in Chirocentrus dorab under all salt treatments (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). In contrast, significant differences (p < 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found between the two NaCl treatments of 5% and 20% in the Scomberoides commersonianus fish samples
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change and Dry-Salting Preservation on Histamine Levels in Three Marine Fish Species","authors":"A. Khashroum","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v18i1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v18i1.104","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of histamine in three species of marine fish (fresh and preserved with dry salting). No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found among the Chirocenterus dorab, Scomberoides commersonianus, and Xiphias gladius fish species during summer or winter. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of histamine differed significantly (p < 0.05) between summer and winter in the fresh samples of the aforementioned fish species. In the case of the salted fish species, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were detected in Chirocentrus dorab under all salt treatments (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). In contrast, significant differences (p < 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found between the two NaCl treatments of 5% and 20% in the Scomberoides commersonianus fish samples","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81853438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruba M. AL-Mohusaien, R. Shibli, R. Abu-Zurayk, Tamara Al-Qudah, R. Tahtamouni
Climate change and scarcity of water resources in many countries of the Middle East have led to a drastic decline in the quantities of the main crops and exacerbated the problem of soil salinity. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative crops that would enhance food security and can tolerate abiotic stresses such as soil salinization. Quinoa is a multi-purpose crop, grown mainly because of its historical, ecological, economic, and high nutritional value. The plant is highly adapted to different environments, and it can be grown in areas with marginal soils that are poor in rainwater. The emergence of this crop's importance and its distinctive properties began in the seventies of the last century. So, there is a need to increase this crop production under salinity conditions using new technology. The plant tissue culture can play an important role to give suitable conditions to study the plant responses to salinity stress via using different factors such as nanoparticles and others. Beside that, the other factors and environmental conditions can be easily controlled in vitro which makes the study easier. In this review, the description and response of the quinoa plant to salinity stress were summarized. Furthermore, the ability to use plant tissue culture and study the effect of adding nanoparticles (NPs) to the culture media to increase salt tolerance was the hot spot of this review. This was to find out the importance of nanoparticles and the in vitro plant tissue culture to increase the quinoa tolerance against salinity stress.
{"title":"An Outlook on the Chenopodium Quinoa Willd (Quinoa) Plant and the Role of the in Vitro Culture and Nanotechnology in Mitigation of Salinity Stress: A Review","authors":"Ruba M. AL-Mohusaien, R. Shibli, R. Abu-Zurayk, Tamara Al-Qudah, R. Tahtamouni","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v18i1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v18i1.101","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and scarcity of water resources in many countries of the Middle East have led to a drastic decline in the quantities of the main crops and exacerbated the problem of soil salinity. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative crops that would enhance food security and can tolerate abiotic stresses such as soil salinization. Quinoa is a multi-purpose crop, grown mainly because of its historical, ecological, economic, and high nutritional value. The plant is highly adapted to different environments, and it can be grown in areas with marginal soils that are poor in rainwater. The emergence of this crop's importance and its distinctive properties began in the seventies of the last century. So, there is a need to increase this crop production under salinity conditions using new technology. The plant tissue culture can play an important role to give suitable conditions to study the plant responses to salinity stress via using different factors such as nanoparticles and others. Beside that, the other factors and environmental conditions can be easily controlled in vitro which makes the study easier. In this review, the description and response of the quinoa plant to salinity stress were summarized. Furthermore, the ability to use plant tissue culture and study the effect of adding nanoparticles (NPs) to the culture media to increase salt tolerance was the hot spot of this review. This was to find out the importance of nanoparticles and the in vitro plant tissue culture to increase the quinoa tolerance against salinity stress. ","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88120520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic variation was investigated in fifteen single, eighteen three-way, and nine double hybrid crosses and their parents along with nine elite commercial cucumber hybrids. Six lines (NS5, NS9, NS17, NS29, NS31, and NS33) were used to develop these cross hybrids. Based on AFLP and SSR analysis, the studied cucumber genotypes have a narrow genetic base. The results also showed genetic differentiation compared to commercial varieties. Out of 1352 bands produced from 12 AFLP primer pairs, only 47 were polymorphic. Similarly, out of 26 SSR primers, only one primer was polymorphic. The highest heterozygosity index (0.6044), polymorphic information content value (0.5392), and marker Index (0.6044) were observed with M-CTT_E-AAG AFLP primer combination, while the highest effective multiplex ratio (2.8246) and resolving power (4.8421) were observed with M-CTC_E-AGC AFLP primer combination. Genetic distance estimation revealed clear distinctiveness of the studied genotypes with the control varieties. The cluster analysis by UPGMA showed two main clusters covering 84% of the studied genotypes grouped. This research shows that double and three-way hybrid crosses can be used in cucumber hybrid breeding.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity among Single, Double, And Triple Cross Hybrids in Beit Alpha Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)","authors":"Adel M. Altamari, M. Akash, M. Kasrawi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v18i1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v18i1.103","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variation was investigated in fifteen single, eighteen three-way, and nine double hybrid crosses and their parents along with nine elite commercial cucumber hybrids. Six lines (NS5, NS9, NS17, NS29, NS31, and NS33) were used to develop these cross hybrids. Based on AFLP and SSR analysis, the studied cucumber genotypes have a narrow genetic base. The results also showed genetic differentiation compared to commercial varieties. Out of 1352 bands produced from 12 AFLP primer pairs, only 47 were polymorphic. Similarly, out of 26 SSR primers, only one primer was polymorphic. The highest heterozygosity index (0.6044), polymorphic information content value (0.5392), and marker Index (0.6044) were observed with M-CTT_E-AAG AFLP primer combination, while the highest effective multiplex ratio (2.8246) and resolving power (4.8421) were observed with M-CTC_E-AGC AFLP primer combination. Genetic distance estimation revealed clear distinctiveness of the studied genotypes with the control varieties. The cluster analysis by UPGMA showed two main clusters covering 84% of the studied genotypes grouped. This research shows that double and three-way hybrid crosses can be used in cucumber hybrid breeding.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85342514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
نفذت تجربة حقلية في سوريا محافظة طرطوس-منطقة بانياس خلال الموسم الزراعي2018 لدراسة تأثير ثلاث أنواع من السماد العضوي (أبقار-كومبوست –دواجن) بمعدل 15طن.ه-1والسماد الكيميائي على نسب المكونات الفعالة للزيت العطري لنبات الكزبرة ونفذت التجربة بطريقة القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة. وبينت النتائج اختلاف نسب المركبات الفعالة باختلاف السماد حيث حققت السماد الكيميائي انخفاض في قيمة اللينالول, المركب الأساسي في زيت الكزبرة, في حين سبب تكوين مركبات جديدة منها مركب 1,2-Benzisothiazole. ويتميز بقدرة تثبيطيه عالية على نمو الفطريات, وهذا يعكس إمكانية الاستفادة من هذا المركب في حفظ المواد الغذائية ومنع فسادها ميكروبيا. بينما تقاربت نتائج التسميد العضوي في نسب مركب اللينالول مع غياب الفروق المعنوية فيما بينها. كما بينت نتائج التفاعل وجود فروقات معنوية بين المعاملات بالالسمدة الكيميائية والمعاملات بالاسمدة العضوية المدروسة حيث حقق السماد الكيميائي أعلى قيمة بالأحماض الكربوكسيلية 57.59% ثم تلاه سماد الكومبوست بأفضل قيمة للمركبات الهيدروكربونية 41.83% بينما حقق سماد الدواجن أعلى قيمة للمركبات الكحولية38.97%.
{"title":"تأثير أنواع مختلفة من التغذية السمادية على التركيب الكيميائي لنبات الكزبرة Coriandrum sativum L. باستخدام تقانة GC/MS 108852 – 132492 – 2-RV","authors":"حلا علي محمد, احمد راضي علي","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.99","url":null,"abstract":"نفذت تجربة حقلية في سوريا محافظة طرطوس-منطقة بانياس خلال الموسم الزراعي2018 لدراسة تأثير ثلاث أنواع من السماد العضوي (أبقار-كومبوست –دواجن) بمعدل 15طن.ه-1والسماد الكيميائي على نسب المكونات الفعالة للزيت العطري لنبات الكزبرة ونفذت التجربة بطريقة القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة. وبينت النتائج اختلاف نسب المركبات الفعالة باختلاف السماد حيث حققت السماد الكيميائي انخفاض في قيمة اللينالول, المركب الأساسي في زيت الكزبرة, في حين سبب تكوين مركبات جديدة منها مركب 1,2-Benzisothiazole. ويتميز بقدرة تثبيطيه عالية على نمو الفطريات, وهذا يعكس إمكانية الاستفادة من هذا المركب في حفظ المواد الغذائية ومنع فسادها ميكروبيا. بينما تقاربت نتائج التسميد العضوي في نسب مركب اللينالول مع غياب الفروق المعنوية فيما بينها. كما بينت نتائج التفاعل وجود فروقات معنوية بين المعاملات بالالسمدة الكيميائية والمعاملات بالاسمدة العضوية المدروسة حيث حقق السماد الكيميائي أعلى قيمة بالأحماض الكربوكسيلية 57.59% ثم تلاه سماد الكومبوست بأفضل قيمة للمركبات الهيدروكربونية 41.83% بينما حقق سماد الدواجن أعلى قيمة للمركبات الكحولية38.97%.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82184663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Al-Rousan, Khaled M. Al‐Marazeeq, M. Abdullah, Nazieh I Al Khalaileh, Malak Angor, R. Ajo
Improving the quantity and quality of olive oil extraction is considered crucial for producers not only in Jordan but also worldwide. The present study aimed to enhance olive oil yield from olive fruits without compromising its quality by applying an enzymatic treatment technique during the malaxation stage of the oil extraction process. The enzymes that were used in this study were cellulase, pectinase, and a mixture of both enzymes at a ratio of (1:1). Each of the enzymes and there mixture was added at concentrations of 0.02 %, 0.04 % 0.06 %, 0.08 %, 0.10 %, and 0.12 % (w/w). Two Jordanian olive cultivars, Nabali Baladi (NB) and Nabali Muhassan (NM), in their immature state, were selected for the enzymatic treatment. The olive oil yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the enzymatic treatment. The increments in yield were 4.38 % (at an enzymatic concentration of 0.08 %), 3.29 % (at 0.1 %), and 5.25% (at 0.12 %) for NB treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The increments in oil yield were 4.08 % (at 0.1%), 3.09 % (at 0.12%), and 4.5 (at 0.08%) for NM treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The percent increments were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for NB than for NM. The quality parameters in terms of acidity, peroxide values, and UV-extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm were not significantly affected in any of the treatment groups when compared to those of control samples. The content of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherols, chlorophylls, and carotene was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both oils in all enzymatic treatments than in the control, resulting in increased oxidative stability, as revealed by Rancimat analyses.
{"title":"Use of Enzymatic Preparations to Improve the Productivity and Quality of Olive Oil","authors":"W. Al-Rousan, Khaled M. Al‐Marazeeq, M. Abdullah, Nazieh I Al Khalaileh, Malak Angor, R. Ajo","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.97","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the quantity and quality of olive oil extraction is considered crucial for producers not only in Jordan but also worldwide. The present study aimed to enhance olive oil yield from olive fruits without compromising its quality by applying an enzymatic treatment technique during the malaxation stage of the oil extraction process. \u0000The enzymes that were used in this study were cellulase, pectinase, and a mixture of both enzymes at a ratio of (1:1). Each of the enzymes and there mixture was added at concentrations of 0.02 %, 0.04 % 0.06 %, 0.08 %, 0.10 %, and 0.12 % (w/w). Two Jordanian olive cultivars, Nabali Baladi (NB) and Nabali Muhassan (NM), in their immature state, were selected for the enzymatic treatment. The olive oil yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the enzymatic treatment. The increments in yield were 4.38 % (at an enzymatic concentration of 0.08 %), 3.29 % (at 0.1 %), and 5.25% (at 0.12 %) for NB treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The increments in oil yield were 4.08 % (at 0.1%), 3.09 % (at 0.12%), and 4.5 (at 0.08%) for NM treated with cellulase, pectinase, and 1:1 cellulase/pectinase, respectively. The percent increments were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for NB than for NM. The quality parameters in terms of acidity, peroxide values, and UV-extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm were not significantly affected in any of the treatment groups when compared to those of control samples. The content of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherols, chlorophylls, and carotene was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both oils in all enzymatic treatments than in the control, resulting in increased oxidative stability, as revealed by Rancimat analyses.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81675411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased intake of dietary fructose is markedly associated with multiple negative health outcomes and burdens. Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common complications that present with conjugated cellular-biochemical abnormalities. This article explains the involvement of increased dietary fructose intake in the occurrence of IR and T2DM and addresses basic metabolic mechanisms. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases were searched through June 2021. Current research predicts that over 350 million people may have diabetes by 2030. IR acts as an influencer promoter of T2DM development. IR can occur as a result of high fructose intake. Fructose metabolism results in de novo lipogenesis, while its decreasing effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activity elevates the levels of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation. Fructose stimulates oxidative stress by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and synthesis of advanced glycation end-products. Fructose also stimulates purine-induced uric acid synthesis and leptin resistance, which contributes to abnormal insulin action. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of fructose-induced IR via induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, leptin resistance, and uric acid production. This helps prevent and control variable diseases, T2DM being the most.
{"title":"Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance: Prospective Biochemical Mechanisms","authors":"L. N. Tamimi, Mousa Numan Ahmad, N. Qinna","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.96","url":null,"abstract":"Increased intake of dietary fructose is markedly associated with multiple negative health outcomes and burdens. Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common complications that present with conjugated cellular-biochemical abnormalities. This article explains the involvement of increased dietary fructose intake in the occurrence of IR and T2DM and addresses basic metabolic mechanisms. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases were searched through June 2021. Current research predicts that over 350 million people may have diabetes by 2030. IR acts as an influencer promoter of T2DM development. IR can occur as a result of high fructose intake. Fructose metabolism results in de novo lipogenesis, while its decreasing effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activity elevates the levels of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation. Fructose stimulates oxidative stress by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and synthesis of advanced glycation end-products. Fructose also stimulates purine-induced uric acid synthesis and leptin resistance, which contributes to abnormal insulin action. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of fructose-induced IR via induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, leptin resistance, and uric acid production. This helps prevent and control variable diseases, T2DM being the most.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد مدى تبني مُزارعي الخضار لاستخدام الأسمدة العضوية في مناطق إقليم الوسط، وتم جمع البيانات الأولية من 368 مزرعة خضار تم اختيارهم عشوائيًا من منطقة الدراسة. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الإحصاء الوصفي وتحليل الانحدار. أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط أعمار المزارعين كان 46.91 سنة، ومتوسط خبراتهم 19.58 سنة، وحجم المزرعة 16.68 دونم وعدد أفراد المشتغلين في المزرعة بلغ 3.5 فرد، وبلغ متوسط عدد سنوات التعليم 12.64 سنة، وبمتوسط دخل سنوي قدره 9750 دينار أردني. أظهرت النتائج ايضا أن معدل تبني المزارعين لاستخدام الأسمدة العضوبة جاء ضمن المستوى المتوسط. وأشار تحليل الانحدار الاحتمالي أن العمر وحجم المزرعة خفضا من تبني المزارعين للأسمدة العضوية بينما أدى التعليم والخبرة الزراعية والدخل السنوي إلى زيادة استخدام السماد العضوي في منطقة الدراسة. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة عقد دورات تدريبية لهم حول الزراعة العضوية، وتشجيعهم من قبل المختصين على المشاركة في تعليم الكبار والتدريب الذي من شأنه تحسين مهاراتهم في استخدام الأسمدة العضوية دون غيرها وذلك لزيادة إنتاجية الخضار.
{"title":"تبني استخدام الأسمدة العضوية في مَزارع الخضار في وسط الأردن","authors":"معاذ القيام, ومحمد الطراونة","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.98","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد مدى تبني مُزارعي الخضار لاستخدام الأسمدة العضوية في مناطق إقليم الوسط، وتم جمع البيانات الأولية من 368 مزرعة خضار تم اختيارهم عشوائيًا من منطقة الدراسة. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الإحصاء الوصفي وتحليل الانحدار. أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط أعمار المزارعين كان 46.91 سنة، ومتوسط خبراتهم 19.58 سنة، وحجم المزرعة 16.68 دونم وعدد أفراد المشتغلين في المزرعة بلغ 3.5 فرد، وبلغ متوسط عدد سنوات التعليم 12.64 سنة، وبمتوسط دخل سنوي قدره 9750 دينار أردني. أظهرت النتائج ايضا أن معدل تبني المزارعين لاستخدام الأسمدة العضوبة جاء ضمن المستوى المتوسط. وأشار تحليل الانحدار الاحتمالي أن العمر وحجم المزرعة خفضا من تبني المزارعين للأسمدة العضوية بينما أدى التعليم والخبرة الزراعية والدخل السنوي إلى زيادة استخدام السماد العضوي في منطقة الدراسة. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة عقد دورات تدريبية لهم حول الزراعة العضوية، وتشجيعهم من قبل المختصين على المشاركة في تعليم الكبار والتدريب الذي من شأنه تحسين مهاراتهم في استخدام الأسمدة العضوية دون غيرها وذلك لزيادة إنتاجية الخضار.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88121964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an alarmingly high rate, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Research is central to the investigation, creation, and design of new therapeutic approaches for T2DM. For this purpose, and because not many tests can be conducted on humans; so, animal models are the only currently available alternative. This article discusses the pros and cons of different animal models used in T2DM research. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases were searched through June 2021. Mice and rats are the most widely used models for diabetes studies. Many other animals are also used, such as pigs and non-human primates. Animal models develop diabetes either spontaneously or by using chemical toxins, such as streptozotocin and alloxan, or by surgical or genetic techniques and depict clinical features or related phenotypes of the disease. Although their importance is generally accepted, animal models are criticized for their poor accuracy in predicting human outcomes due to the low rate of translation between preclinical and clinical studies. However, this problem is partly explained by inadequate methodologies and designs in animal trials. It remains to emphasize that animal models add an indispensable value to the basic, clinical, and applied science of T2DM by opening new avenues of research and innovation.
{"title":"Animal Models in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Research: Pros and Cons","authors":"Zainab Zakaria, Mousa Numan Ahmad, N. Qinna","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.95","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an alarmingly high rate, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Research is central to the investigation, creation, and design of new therapeutic approaches for T2DM. For this purpose, and because not many tests can be conducted on humans; so, animal models are the only currently available alternative. This article discusses the pros and cons of different animal models used in T2DM research. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases were searched through June 2021. Mice and rats are the most widely used models for diabetes studies. Many other animals are also used, such as pigs and non-human primates. Animal models develop diabetes either spontaneously or by using chemical toxins, such as streptozotocin and alloxan, or by surgical or genetic techniques and depict clinical features or related phenotypes of the disease. Although their importance is generally accepted, animal models are criticized for their poor accuracy in predicting human outcomes due to the low rate of translation between preclinical and clinical studies. However, this problem is partly explained by inadequate methodologies and designs in animal trials. It remains to emphasize that animal models add an indispensable value to the basic, clinical, and applied science of T2DM by opening new avenues of research and innovation. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73158570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabarya, Zhala Muhammad Ahmadb, Avan Assi Fatihb
This study was performed on Diyala orange fruits to investigate the role of sour orange and Lemon rootstocks and the dipping in (0, 2, 4, and 6) % from each aqueous extract of clove flower buds, thyme leaves, and pomegranate peel for four minutes on extending the storability and maintain postharvest quality of Diyala orange fruits. A factorial experiment was used within Randomized Complete Design with three replicates. The fruits were placed in polyethylene bags, subsequently stored at 6±1 ºC and 85-95% relative humidity for two months. The results indicated that fruits were grown on sour orange rootstock significantly maintained the highest values in most of the chemical properties were studied, likewise reducing the weight loss and physiological disorders than fruits were grown on lemon rootstock. Concerning the plant extracts, fruits immersed in 2% clove extract had the maximum values of total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and total phenol than control. Furthermore, fruits immersed in 6% thyme extract had the highest values of TSS, total sugar, vitamin C, and total phenol, whereas, minimized physiological disorders than control. Likewise, fruits immersed in 2% Pomegranate peel extract had the highest values of TSS and vitamin C but had lower physiological disorders than control.
{"title":"Response Postharvest Quality of Diyala Orange to Two Rootstocks and Some Plant Extracts","authors":"Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabarya, Zhala Muhammad Ahmadb, Avan Assi Fatihb","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i4.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i4.94","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed on Diyala orange fruits to investigate the role of sour orange and Lemon rootstocks and the dipping in (0, 2, 4, and 6) % from each aqueous extract of clove flower buds, thyme leaves, and pomegranate peel for four minutes on extending the storability and maintain postharvest quality of Diyala orange fruits. A factorial experiment was used within Randomized Complete Design with three replicates. \u0000 The fruits were placed in polyethylene bags, subsequently stored at 6±1 ºC and 85-95% relative humidity for two months. The results indicated that fruits were grown on sour orange rootstock significantly maintained the highest values in most of the chemical properties were studied, likewise reducing the weight loss and physiological disorders than fruits were grown on lemon rootstock. Concerning the plant extracts, fruits immersed in 2% clove extract had the maximum values of total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and total phenol than control. Furthermore, fruits immersed in 6% thyme extract had the highest values of TSS, total sugar, vitamin C, and total phenol, whereas, minimized physiological disorders than control. Likewise, fruits immersed in 2% Pomegranate peel extract had the highest values of TSS and vitamin C but had lower physiological disorders than control.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84320088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
الأردن هو أحد بلدان الشرق الأوسط والذي يقع ما بين خطي عرض 29 و33 درجة شمالا وخطي طول 34 و39 درجة شرقا إذ تمكن ظروفه المناخية من زراعة أشجار الزيتون، لقد شهدت صناعة الزيتون في الأردن تقدما هائلا في آخر أربعين سنة الماضية (2020-1980)، ولقد شمل التقدم نواحي عدة منها على سبيل المثال استخدام التقانات الحديثة في إنتاج الغراس في المشاتل وتبني الزراعة المكثفة للأشجار وأنظمة التربية والتقليم. لقد كان لتبني إدارة بساتين الزيتون في كل نواحي مظاهر الإنتاج بدءً باختيار موقع البستان واستخدام الأسمدة والتسميد والري التكميلي وطرق الري واختيار أصناف الزيتون المناسبة للمواقع واستخدام الحصاد نصف الآلي وإنتاج الزيتون العضوي والمكافحة المتكاملة لآفات شجرة الزيتون ونهاية بتصنيع الزيتون واستخلاص الزيت. لقد نتج عن التبني الصارم لإدارة بساتين الزيتون في مظاهرها آنفة الذكر وصول الأردن حالة الاكتفاء الذاتي بل إنه أصبح مصدرا. وبإجراء مقارنة بسيطة بين عامي 1997و2007, فقد قفز عدد الأشجار من 346,148 عام 1987 الى 11,127,000 في عام 2007, كما أن إنتاجية الزيتون ازدادت من 82,003 طن متري في عام 1997 إلى 138,689 طنا في عام 2008 وقفزت المساحة المزروعة بأشجار الزيتون من 94,139 الى 127,572 هكتار ولنفس الفترة الزمنية. من ناحية أخرى، تعزى الزيادة في الإنتاجية مباشرة لاستخدام الري التكميلي الذي مكن من زراعة أشجار الزيتون في الجزء الشرقي من المملكة باستخدام المياه الجوفية. لقد تغير إنتاج زيت الزيتون وزيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد تغيرا ملحوظا خلال الفترة ما بين عام 1986 و2006, وعلى سبيل المثال لا الحصر، بلغت الإنتاجية في زيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد عام 1986, 31,800 و1200 و300 طن على الترتيب، بينما في عام 2006 تغيرت هذه الارقام الى 146,800 و 2,700 وصفر طن على الترتيب، وأما بالنسبة لزيت الزيتون، بلغت الكمية التي تم تصديرها وتلك المستوردة 1,900 و 7,400 طن على الترتيب ولنفس العام 1986, بينما بلغت الكمية المصدرة 2500 طنا في عام 2006 والمستوردة صفر طناً. مما تقدم، يستنتج أن مستقبل صناعة الزيتون في الأردن واعدة على المديين القصير والطويل.
{"title":"صناعة الزيتون في الأردن","authors":"مصطفى قرنفلة","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.83","url":null,"abstract":"الأردن هو أحد بلدان الشرق الأوسط والذي يقع ما بين خطي عرض 29 و33 درجة شمالا وخطي طول 34 و39 درجة شرقا إذ تمكن ظروفه المناخية من زراعة أشجار الزيتون، لقد شهدت صناعة الزيتون في الأردن تقدما هائلا في آخر أربعين سنة الماضية (2020-1980)، ولقد شمل التقدم نواحي عدة منها على سبيل المثال استخدام التقانات الحديثة في إنتاج الغراس في المشاتل وتبني الزراعة المكثفة للأشجار وأنظمة التربية والتقليم. لقد كان لتبني إدارة بساتين الزيتون في كل نواحي مظاهر الإنتاج بدءً باختيار موقع البستان واستخدام الأسمدة والتسميد والري التكميلي وطرق الري واختيار أصناف الزيتون المناسبة للمواقع واستخدام الحصاد نصف الآلي وإنتاج الزيتون العضوي والمكافحة المتكاملة لآفات شجرة الزيتون ونهاية بتصنيع الزيتون واستخلاص الزيت. \u0000لقد نتج عن التبني الصارم لإدارة بساتين الزيتون في مظاهرها آنفة الذكر وصول الأردن حالة الاكتفاء الذاتي بل إنه أصبح مصدرا. وبإجراء مقارنة بسيطة بين عامي 1997و2007, فقد قفز عدد الأشجار من 346,148 عام 1987 الى 11,127,000 في عام 2007, كما أن إنتاجية الزيتون ازدادت من 82,003 طن متري في عام 1997 إلى 138,689 طنا في عام 2008 وقفزت المساحة المزروعة بأشجار الزيتون من 94,139 الى 127,572 هكتار ولنفس الفترة الزمنية. من ناحية أخرى، تعزى الزيادة في الإنتاجية مباشرة لاستخدام الري التكميلي الذي مكن من زراعة أشجار الزيتون في الجزء الشرقي من المملكة باستخدام المياه الجوفية. لقد تغير إنتاج زيت الزيتون وزيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد تغيرا ملحوظا خلال الفترة ما بين عام 1986 و2006, وعلى سبيل المثال لا الحصر، بلغت الإنتاجية في زيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد عام 1986, 31,800 و1200 و300 طن على الترتيب، بينما في عام 2006 تغيرت هذه الارقام الى 146,800 و 2,700 وصفر طن على الترتيب، وأما بالنسبة لزيت الزيتون، بلغت الكمية التي تم تصديرها وتلك المستوردة 1,900 و 7,400 طن على الترتيب ولنفس العام 1986, بينما بلغت الكمية المصدرة 2500 طنا في عام 2006 والمستوردة صفر طناً. \u0000مما تقدم، يستنتج أن مستقبل صناعة الزيتون في الأردن واعدة على المديين القصير والطويل. ","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74127816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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