Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia最新文献

Introduction: Phosphate (P) binders are among the most common medications prescribed to control P levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. There is still a paucity of data on adherence to P binders with no comparison between dialysis modalities.

Methods: We accessed factors associated with P binder adherence among patients on dialysis in an academic hospital. Adherence was calculated as the ratio between the number of pills taken per day as reported and the prescribed number of pills. Patients were considered non-adherent if adherence was at least 20% less or 30% more than prescribed.

Results: Patients (N = 137) were young, mostly women, and on dialysis for a median time of 53 months. Sevelamer and calcium carbonate were prescribed as P binders to 70.8% and 10.2% of patients, respectively, with no difference across dialysis modalities (p = 0.839). P correlated with the number of pills prescribed (r = 0.368, p = 0.001) and the number of pills taken per day (r = 0.275, p = 0.001). Hyperphosphatemia was found in 52 patients (36.4%). Adherence to Ca carbonate and sevelamer was 100% and 68.4%, respectively. Non-adherent patients were women, younger, with higher serum albumin and urea, and lower serum calcium. Logistic regression showed that female sex (HR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.39-7.84, p = 0.007) and hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis (HR 4.55, 95%, CI: 1.26-16.39, p = 0.021) remained independently associated with a non-adherence behavior.

Conclusions: The current study suggests that strategies to increase adherence should be implemented. Whether phosphate binder adherence is associated with better outcomes deserves further investigation.

Background: A new induction therapy strategy of a single 3 mg/kg dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r-ATG) showed a lower incidence of acute rejection.

Methods: The objective of this study was to use real-world data to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of r-ATG induction for the prevention of acute rejection (AR) in the first year following kidney transplantation and for kidney graft survival over 1, 4, and 10 years of post-transplantation from the perspective of the national public healthcare system. A Markov state transition model was developed utilizing real-world data extracted from medical invoices from a single center. The study population consisted of adults at low immunological risk undergoing their initial transplantation and received kidneys from either living or deceased donors. The intervention of r-ATG induction was compared to no induction. The clinical outcomes considered for this analysis were acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection/disease, death, graft loss, and retransplantation.

Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis in the first year revealed that the r-ATG group was more cost-effective, with an ICER of US$ 399.96 per avoided AR episode, an effectiveness gain of 0.01 year in graft survival and a total incremental cost of US$ 147.50. The 4- and 10-year analyses revealed an effectiveness gain of 0.06 and 0.16 years in graft survival in the r-ATG induction group, and a total incremental cost of US$ -321.68 and US$ -2,440.62, respectively.

Conclusion: The single 3 mg/kg dose of r-ATG is cost-effective in preventing acute rejection episodes and dominant in the long term of transplantation, conferring survival gain.

Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) face an elevated risk of experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI), exacerbating the progression of DKD. This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature and knowledge of the primary pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying kidney damage, as well as the biological implications of maladaptive kidney repair in the context of DKD complicated by AKI. Additionally, we examine in detail the findings of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of intensive insulin treatment for hyperglycemic patients in intensive care units, alongside the potential risks of hypoglycemia and mortality. Furthermore, through critical analysis of clinical trial results, opportunities for personalized safety-based approaches to mitigate side effects are identified. It is imperative to conduct randomized-controlled studies to assess the impact of intensive insulin treatment on diabetic patients with DKD, and to validate AKI biomarkers in this patient population. Such studies will help to tailor treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and preserve kidney function.

Introduction: Recent evidence indicates that mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) improve overall well-being and the ability to cope with kidney failure and hemodialysis stressors. However, intradialytic MBPs are poorly investigated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the study protocol, evaluate the feasibility and perceived effects of the Hemomindful Program.

Methods: The results presented are from a mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two adults with kidney failure were randomized into the Hemomindful Program, which consisting of 8 weekly individual sessions of 1 hour delivered at chairside during hemodialysis combined with the treatment as usual (TAU), or TAU alone. Feasibility was assessed based on retention of the study protocol, adherence to the Hemomindful Program, its safety, and participant satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in the intervention arm immediately following treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and discursive textual analysis.

Results: The overall rate of adherence to the study protocol was 84.38%. Among the participants in the Hemomindful Program (n = 16), 15 had four or more sessions (93.7%) and 12 completed the protocol (75%). Degree of importance attributed to the intervention was 8.58 (SD = 2.06) and intention to maintain the formal and informal mindfulness practices after the intervention was 6.67 (SD = 2.93) and 8.5 (SD = 2.31). The qualitative analysis indicated satisfaction with the perceived changes (greater awareness in daily activities, less reactivity, management of pain and discomfort) and the structure of the program.

Conclusion: The Hemomindful Program showed positive indicators of feasibility, with good retention, acceptability and safety.

Introduction: Glomerular diseases can be associated with solid or hematopoietic malignancies. The prevalence of these associations varies according to the studied glomerular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of neoplasms in patients with glomerular diseases as well as their clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features and the relationship with immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational, longitudinal study that reviewed 4,820 medical records and included 95 patients with glomerular disease and neoplasms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histologic data were collected.

Results: The prevalence of neoplasms was 1.97% (95 patients; 81 [85.3%] malignant, 14 [14.7%] benign). Hematologic malignancies (35.8%) showed the highest prevalence, followed by colon, rectal, and gynecologic tumors. The glomerulopathy with the highest frequency was membranous glomerulopathy (MGN, 25 patients, 35.7%). The dose of the immunosuppressive agents among patients with neoplasms before or after immunosuppression was not statistically different. Neoplasm was diagnosed before glomerulopathy in 53% of patients. Among cases in which neoplasms were diagnosed after glomerulopathy, 43% were diagnosed in the first year of follow-up of the renal disease. The predominant syndrome at presentation was nephrotic syndrome. Progression to chronic kidney disease stage 5 at the end of follow-up occurred in 8.4% of the cases.

Conclusions: Neoplasms manifested before or, less frequently, after the diagnosis of glomerular diseases. As neoplasms diagnosed after presentation of glomerulopathy often appeared early after this diagnosis, it is necessary to be aware of neoplasms during the first year of follow-up of glomerulopathies, especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome, and MGN.

Introduction: The malnutrition-inflammation process is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), influencing quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the inflammatory and nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and its association with quality of life.

Methods: This study was carried out in health services in three different cities. The Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to assess the inflammatory and nutritional status, with anthropometric measurements, protein status, lean mass and function. The quality of life was assessed using KDQOL-SFTM. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and the Poisson model to evaluate the factors that increased the risk of developing malnutrition and inflammation.

Results: The MIS identified a 52.2% prevalence of malnutrition and inflammation in the population. In univariate analysis, most KDQOL-SFTM domains presented higher scores for nourished elderly. Anthropometric measures associated with muscle mass and functionality were lower in the malnourished elderly. Multivariate modeling revealed a higher nutritional risk of 50.6% for women and older age, since with each additional year of life the risk of malnutrition increased by 2.4% and by 0.4% with each additional month on HD. Greater arm muscle circumference (AMC) and higher serum albumin were factors for reducing malnutrition by 4.6% and 34.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: Higher serum albumin and preserved AMC have been shown to be good indicators of better nutritional status. Higher MIS was associated with poorer quality of life, older age, lower income and education, longer time on dialysis, and presence of comorbidities.